ev presentation for teca marketing group 2012

Impacts of Electric Vehicles

Thomas E. Suggs, Jr. PEVP – EngineeringMiddle Tennessee EMC

Middle Tennessee EMC

185,000 meters

1314 MW Peak Demand

10,500 miles of 25KV line

Why Does MTEMC Care About EVs?

History Repeats Itself

Why Should You Care About EVs?

EVs are DEFINITELY coming!!

Recent headlines related to the coming of the electric vehicle.

Government wants instant rebate on Leaf

Government wants instant rebate on Leaf

Senators push for electric car bill

Government wants instant rebate on Leaf

Senators push for electric car bill Electric Car demand is Strong

Government wants instant rebate on Leaf

Senators push for electric car bill Electric Car demand is Strong Obama Raises U.S. Fuel Efficiency

Standard to 54.5 mpg

Government wants instant rebate on Leaf

Senators push for electric car bill Electric Car demand is Strong Obama Raises U.S. Fuel Efficiency

Standard to 54.5 mpg Tennessee Will Get Electric Car

Chargers at Cracker Barrel Restaurants

Well, not so fast……

More recent headlines related to electric vehicles

Americans say “no” to electric cars despite gas price

Americans say “no” to electric cars despite gas price

The negative impact of electric cars on the environment

Americans say “no” to electric cars despite gas price

The negative impact of electric cars on the environment

Electric car subsidies deserve negative vote

So, which is it?

So, which is it?

I don’t know.

So, which is it?

I don’t know. You probably don’t know either.

So, which is it?

I don’t know. You probably don’t know either. It will play out over the next few

years as the technology matures.

So, which is it?

I don’t know. You probably don’t know either. It will play out over the next few

years as the technology matures. Governmental priorities, gas prices,

cost of the vehicles, vehicle range will be some of the drivers

What DO we know?

Most, if not all, major automakers will have plug in electric vehicles in their lineup

What DO we know?

Most, if not all, major automakers will have plug in electric vehicles in their lineup

Electric vehicle charging infrastructure is being installed in many locations across the country, including the Tennessee Valley www.theevproject.com

What DO we know?

Most, if not all, major automakers will have plug in electric vehicles in their lineup

Electric vehicle charging infrastructure is being installed in many locations across the country, including the Tennessee Valley www.theevproject.com

Some of our customers will be among the early adopters of these new vehicles

What DON’T we know?

How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems

What DON’T we know?

How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems

What types of vehicles these will be

What DON’T we know?

How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems

What types of vehicles these will be Where these vehicles will be located

What DON’T we know?

How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems

What types of vehicles these will be Where these vehicles will be located Where and when the owners of these

vehicles will prefer to recharge

Just a Few Basics

Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEVs)

Fulfill many tasks especially in urban centers, campus environments, etc.

Range is typically 30 to 50 miles/charge. Speed limited by federal law to 25 mph,

can be driven on streets zoned up to 35 MPH.

No special recharging infrastructure required. Uses 110 outlet.

Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)

Utilize a lithium‐ion battery pack and electric motor to propel the vehicle on electricity for 10‐ 40 miles.

Uses 120 or 240 VAC outlet

When the Battery has exhausted its charge the vehicle will become a conventional hybrid!

Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREV)

Capable of going in all electric mode for up to 40 miles

Back up gasoline generator to extend range 300+ miles

Example: Chevy Volt

Utilize a lithium‐ion battery pack but Engine only generates electricity, it is not connected to drive train. This differentiates it from a hybrid.

Battery Electric Vehicles (EV or BEV)

Operate only on batteries

Require inverter, converter & electronics similar to hybrids (No ICE!).

Example: Nissan’s LEAF

Cars Planned: Next 3 Years

PHEV or EREV All Electric

Cars In Concept/Design

PHEV or EREV All Electric

Basic Types of Electric Vehicles

1. HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle2. PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle3. BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle

The ones we are concerned about are

numbers 2 and 3 - the ones with a cord.

Where will PEVs charge?

Charging Levels Compared to Gas Fueling

Level Electric Gasoline

1 AC Cord Set Gas Can

2 AC Charging Station Standard Pump

2DC Fast Charger NASCAR Quick Fill

Charging Level 1AC

120 volt, plugs into normal outlet

12 to 15 amps (<2KW)

Meets SAE J1772 standard

Up to 20 hours for full charge

Standard Connection

Charging Level 2AC

Capable of providing 19.2KW

Hardwired to electric supply

240 volt

Up to 8 hours for full charge

Standard Connections

Charging Level 2AC

Charging Levels 2DC

No standard connector Typically requires 480

volt, three phase service

50-60KW is a common size

Starting to see these along interstate corridors as well as at major retailers in some states

Charging in Murfreesboro

Charging in Murfreesboro

Charging in Murfreesboro

Charging in Murfreesboro

Charging in Murfreesboro

Charging in Murfreesboro

Charging – what is not consistent

Charging – what is not consistent

Charging – what is not consistent

Charging Locations

Home – most likely the majority of charging will take place here.

Charging Locations

Home Work

Will employers provide chargers? Is that “fair” to drivers of gas vehicles?

Charging Locations

Home Work Retail

Will retailers provide chargers? Will it be free to charge? If not, what will the business model look

like?

Charging Locations

Home Work Retail Public

Will cities, counties, states provide chargers?

Will it be free to charge?▪ Your tax dollars at work

If not, what will the business model look like?

So why bother?

Electric vehicles represent a new type of load for us – one that is mobile, temporary and that can stress or fail local infrastructure in small numbers.

So why bother?

Electric vehicles represent a new type of load for us – one that is mobile, temporary and that can stress or fail local infrastructure in small numbers.

We need to understand the impacts even one electric vehicle can have on our system and decide how we are going to address them going forward

A Mobile Load

This one load can be plugged in at multiple points on your distribution system. The charger can be used by multiple EVs

A Mobile Load

This one load can be plugged in at multiple points on your distribution system.

It can also be plugged in while inside another utility service area. Do we care about this?

A Mobile Load

This one load can be plugged in at multiple points on your distribution system.

It can also be plugged in while inside another utility service area. Do we care about this? Vehicle to grid (V2G) impacts – we would

likely want to know where the vehicle is located before we dispatched the energy in the battery.

A Temporary Load

People trade cars on a fairly regular basis. Wrecks, dissatisfaction, selling of a home, even divorce can create a “here today, gone tomorrow” situation.

A Temporary Load

People trade cars on a fairly regular basis. Wrecks, dissatisfaction, selling of a home, even divorce can create a “here today, gone tomorrow” situation. How does this impact your service

policies?

A Temporary Load

People trade cars on a fairly regular basis. Wrecks, dissatisfaction, selling of a home, even divorce can create a “here today, gone tomorrow” situation. How does this impact your service

policies?▪ Example - Will you upgrade a transformer and

service on the same basis as for the addition of more permanent load?

A Significant Load

The Nissan Leaf will require about 6.6KW for charging in a typical residential setup. Other models will have different charging requirements.

A Significant Load

The Nissan Leaf will require about 6.6KW for charging in a typical residential setup. Other models will have different charging requirements.

For MTEMC, this is equivalent to an additional home on the transformer.

The Purchasing Process

Buying a Non-Plug In Vehicle

Select Vehicle Sign papers Call Insurance Company

Buying a Plug In Vehicle

Select Vehicle Schedule Electrical Audit of Home

Are upgrades required? Where will EVSE be located?

Schedule EVSE installation Contract with electrician Permits, installation and inspections

Sign papers Call insurance company

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

How do we get notification?

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

How do we get notification? Auto dealership

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician Codes Departments

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician Codes Departments EVSE manufacturer

What About Us?

Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?

How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician Codes Departments EVSE manufacturer Lowes?????

What About Us?

A consistent process of notification would be ideal, but as yet it does not exist.

What About Us?

A consistent process of notification would be ideal, but as yet it does not exist.

Education is the key – let the different groups know how important it is for the utility to be involved from the beginning.

What About Us?

A consistent process of notification would be ideal, but as yet it does not exist.

Education is the key – let the different groups know how important it is for the utility to be involved from the beginning.

We do not want to be seen as a roadblock to the early adoption of the new breed of electric vehicles

Electric Utility – Roadblock to Electric Vehicles?

Anything we require that results in additional cost to the vehicle purchaser will be scrutinized.

Electric Utility – Roadblock to Electric Vehicles?

Anything we require that results in additional cost to the vehicle purchaser will be scrutinized.

However, we must not lose sight of the impacts that subsidizing electric vehicles could have on the rest of our customer base.

Electric Utility – Roadblock to Electric Vehicles?

Anything we require that results in additional cost to the vehicle purchaser will be scrutinized.

However, we must not lose sight of the impacts that subsidizing electric vehicles could have on the rest of our customer base.

This will be a challenge, and there are already differences in the way TVPPA members are approaching this.

A Few Examples

Metering

Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE?

Metering

Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE? Who pays for the separate meter?▪ Separate EV rate▪ Data only

Metering

Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE? Who pays for the separate meter?▪ Separate EV rate▪ Data only

Most EVSE have internal metering, but usually not revenue metering accuracy

Metering

Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE? Who pays for the separate meter?▪ Separate EV rate▪ Data only

Most EVSE have internal metering, but usually not revenue metering accuracy

Fuel Tax issues

Metering Concerns

Location for Second Meter

Metering Concerns

Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is

existing meter?

Metering Concerns

Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is

existing meter? Is a second service required?

Metering Concerns

Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is

existing meter? Is a second service required? Is a second service allowed?

Metering Concerns

Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is

existing meter? Is a second service required? Is a second service allowed?

What if you require a separate meter but do not find out that a customer has an Electric Vehicle until after the electrician has installed the EVSE?

Metering Concerns

Commercial EVSE installations New Service – easiest scenario generally.

However, if the meter is set up on an EV only rate you must make certain that non-EV load does not get added to the service.

Metering Concerns

Commercial EVSE installations New Service Submeter

Metering Concerns

Commercial EVSE installations New Service Submeter▪ Complex billing calculations with different

rate schedules for main and submeter.

Metering Concerns

Commercial EVSE installations New Service Submeter▪ Complex billing calculations with different

rate schedules for main and submeter. ▪ EVSE are not high load factor loads and there

could be significant demand issues for the customer

Metering Concerns

Use the EVSE internal metering?

Metering Concerns

Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership

Metering Concerns

Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy

Metering Concerns

Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing

Metering Concerns

Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing Access

Metering Concerns

Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing Access Communication

Metering Concerns

Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing Access Communication Maintenance / Repair

Rates

Rates

Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate

Rates

Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate Whole House Time-of-Use rate

Rates

Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate Whole House Time-of-Use rate Existing Rates

Rates

Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate Whole House Time-of-Use rate Existing Rates Interruptible Rates

GM / OnStar

Service Upgrades

What if the transformer serving the customer needs to be upgraded?

Service Upgrades

What if the transformer serving the customer needs to be upgraded? Do you charge the customer? This is new

load, but may not be there next month.

Service Upgrades

What if the transformer serving the customer needs to be upgraded? Do you charge the customer? This is new

load, but may not be there next month. What if the second Electric Vehicle on

the transformer triggers the upgrade? If you do charge, how do you explain to the customer, the dealer, etc.?

Service Upgrades

What if your first notice of an EVSE installation is when the customer calls in for an outage caused by failure of the transformer?

Service Upgrades

What if your first notice of an EVSE installation is when the customer calls in for an outage caused by failure of the transformer?

What if the first EV purchased is a Volt, then a year later it is traded in for a Leaf? Or a Tesla?

What Now?

Educate yourself on the differences in Electric Vehicles Your customers will be looking to you for

advice and answers Different types of electric vehicles will

have different impacts on the utility www.theevproject.com www.goelectricdrive.com www.tvafuelsolutions.com

What Now?

Educate your Board on the policy and rate issues associated with providing service to charge Electric Vehicles.

What Now?

Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local

radio stations, etc.

What Now?

Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local

radio stations, etc. Talk to your electricians

What Now?

Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local

radio stations, etc. Talk to your electricians Talk to your codes or other local

authorities

What Now?

Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local

radio stations, etc. Talk to your electricians Talk to your codes or other local

authorities Talk to your auto dealerships

Thank You!