ethics in it industry
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ETHICS IN IT INDUSTRYBY
SYAM MOHAN
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ETHICS
Derived from the Greek word ethos, which
means custom, habit, and way of living
Definition: "the discipline and practice of
applying value to human behavior, resulting
in meaningful conduct.
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Cont..
Professional Ethics: concerns one's conduct ofbehavior and practice when carrying out professional
work, e.g., consulting, researching, teaching andwriting.
Acomputing professional must understand
Cultural, social, legal, and ethical issues in computing.
Responsibility and possible consequences of failure.
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Computer ethics
Computer ethics definedas the application ofclassical ethical principles to the use of computer
technology.
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TheTen Commandments of computer ethics have
been defined by the Computer Ethics Institute. 1)Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other
people.
2)Thou shalt not interfere with other people'scomputer work.
3)Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.
4)Thou shalt not use a computer to steal. 5)Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false
witness.
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What is Computer Virus?
Computer viruses are small software programs that
are designed to spread from one computer to another
and to interfere with computer operation. the term "computer virus" is sometimes used as a
catch-all phrase to include all types of malware
Eg : computer worms , trojan horses etc
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Steps to help avoid Viruses
e-mail attachment from someone you don't
know Use an Internet firewall,
Subscribe to industry standard antivirussoftware,
Scan each and every attachment
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Reselling Media
Downloading from a website
Taping songs
Buying a used book or CD
Watching broadcast television but skippingcommercials
What is PIRACY???????
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Types of software PIRACY
End User Piracy
Client Server Piracy
Internet Piracy
Hard-Disk Piracy
Software Counterfeiting
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Client-Server Piracy
This type of piracy occurs when too many employees
on a network are using a central copy of a program at
the same time.
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Internet piracy
This occurs when software is downloaded from the
InternetThe same purchasing rules should apply to
online software purchase as for those bought intraditional ways.
Pirate website
Unauthorized transfer of copyrighted program
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Hard-Disk Loading
This occurs when a business who sells new computers
loads illegal copies of software onto the hard disks to
make the purchase of the machines more attractive.
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Software Counterfeiting
This type of piracy is the illegal duplication and sale
of copyrighted material with the intent of directly
imitating the copyrighted product
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HACKER
Some one who bypasses the systems access controlsby taking advantage of security weaknesses left in
the system by developers .
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What HACKER do???????
SYSTEM
Access confidential information
Threaten someone from YOUR computerBroadcast your confidential letters or materials .
Store illegal material
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Advantage of Hacking
To determine problem and weakness for program
Creation of firewall
Useful for military purpose and spying Better computer security
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ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF IT-ITES
INDUSTRYUnethical practices can be categorized on the basis of
1.privacy
2. Information handling
3. Dealing with intellectual property rights
4. Working culture and environment in theorganization
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The unethical practices categorized above can be carried out
by
1. IT/ITESorganizations towards their clients/customers2. IT/ITESorganizations towards their employees
3. Employees of IT/ITESorganization towards their
organizations
4. Employees of IT/ITESorganization towards their clients
5. IT/ITESOrganizations/employees together with their
clients/customers harming other stake holders
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Privacy- four states
Solitude - an individuals desire to be left alone.
away from outside interference.
Intimacy - the state of privacy one wants to enjoyfrom the outside world.
Anonymity - a person's wish to be free from
external surveillance. Reserve - an individuals' desire to control
information about himself.
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Some practices affecting the privacy
cookies :An HTTP cookie is data stored on a user'scomputer that assists in automated access to websites orweb features, or other state information required in
complex web sites. It may also be used for user-trackingby storing special usage history data in a cookie
Some web-oriented marketing-research organizations mayuse this practice legitimately, for example: in order toconstruct profiles of 'typical Internet users'. Suchprofiles, which describe average trends of large groups ofInternet users rather than of actual individuals, can thenprove useful for market analysis
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CONTD
Photographs on internet
Today many people have digital cameras and post theirphotos online. The people depicted in these photos
might not want to have them appear on the Internet.
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Cont.
Internet service providers
Internet users obtain Internet access through an
Internet service provider (ISP).All data transmittedto and from users must pass through the ISP. Thus,
an ISP has the potential to observe users' activities
on the Internet.
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Contd
Data logging
Many programs and operating systems are set up to
perform data logging of usage. This may includerecording times when the computer is in use, or which
web sites are visited. If a third party has sufficient
access to the computer, legitimately or not, the user's
privacy may be compromised. This could be avoidedby disabling logging, or by clearing logs regularly.
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Information security
1) employees at the lower level showing scant respect tothe information security process.
Eg: employees sharing passwords with their colleagueseven though they are not allowed to do that
2)At call centres operators force the customers to part
their personal information even if it is not necessary.
3)sharing of confidential information about clients andcustomers with unauthorized persons
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Software piracy is one of the major issues causing hugelosses to the ITindustry.
Some of the ITcompanies itself use pirated software.
Small companies buy only 1 license and install in manycomputers. some single license agreement allowsinstallation of a particular software in 2 computersprovided it is used by a single user. It is for helpingpeople working from different locations.
illegal use of intellectual properties like algorithms,source code.some times these valuable information can bepassed to the competitors by the employees.
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Work culture and environment
Employees wasting companies resources and time by browsingthe internet for non business purposes ,sending frivolousmails , gaming etc. This can lead to claiming overtimecompensation, which is not required to complete the task.
Another issue is employee attrition.Young people with focuson making money or growing in designations at a high pace,resort to job hopping.
The young employees in the ITcompany claim allowances likehouse rent and medical bills with fraudulent bills to getincome tax exemption.
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ITcompanies compete among themselves for employees. Poachingemployees from the competitors is quite common in ITindustry. Eventhough this is not illegal it has set an unprofessional culture in theindustry and employees do not have any remorse in leaving in middle
of their commitments. Companies resort to various means for retaining the employees and
some of the methods are unethical. Some of them are
1. Full salary offered during recruitment is not paid. Instead aportion is withheld within the company and will be paid once theemployee completes a stipulated period of time.
2. Signing of bond from the employees for a stipulated period of time,which takes away a persons right to choose a better career.
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3. Long hours of work are common in ITindustries.Aggressive biddingof completion time by the companies to their customers that result inunrealistic estimations and plans.
4. Monitoring the employees without informing them. In the name ofinformation security, some companies scan the e-mails of theemployees or plant spying programs. This amounts to a breach ofprivacy of the employees.
5. ITcompanies have brought in world class infrastructure to Indiabut still the working conditions are not ergonomic.Video operatorsdistress syndrome, cumulative trauma disorder and carpal tunnelsyndrome due to repetitive stress on hands/wrists are some of thecommon work related disorders in ITsector.
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Cyber crimes
HACKING
SPAM
VIRUSDISSEMINATION
SOFTWARE PIRACY PORNOGRAPHY
IRC Crime
NETEXTORTION
PHISHING
SPOOFING CYBERSTALKING
CYBER DEFAMATION
SALAMIATTACK
CREDITCARD FRAUD
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THANK YOU
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