etas webinar ecu basics
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1 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Electronic Control Unit(ECU) - Webinar
Basics of Automotive ECU
2 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ETAS Embedded Systems Consulting
Embedded Software, AUTOSAR and Safety Consulting
Chandrashekara N (ETAS/ESC)
Lead Consultant – Embedded Systems
Chandrashekara.N@etas.com
Phone+91 80 67836240Mobile +91 9742399577
3 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
− Basics of Automotive ECU
− Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Hardware architecture of a typical ECU.
− Software Architecture , functions and implementation
− Sample application of ECU within the vehicle.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Agenda
4 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
− Basics of Automotive ECU
− Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
− Software Architecture , functions and implementation
− Sample application of ECU within the vehicle.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Agenda
5 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
6 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− ENGINE − DRIVETRAIN− INSTRUMENTATION− SUSPENSION− STEERING− BRAKES− INFOTAINMENT
Major Systems in Automobiles
7 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
Forecast about “Automotive Electronics” in 201035% of the vehicle value will be electronics5 to 8 Million lines of software codeClose to 70 ECUs in Cars
Almost Every subsystem will have electronic controls• Powertrain (Engine, Transmission, Hybrid etc.)• Chassis (Brakes, Steering, Roll Stability, etc.)• Body (Crash - Passive and in the future Active)• Body (Lighting, Windows, Locks)• Climate Control (Multi Zone, Instant Heat/Cool etc.)• Instrumentation• Infotainment (connecting both driver and passenger
to any available information ,Multi-media,Navigation etc.)
Legislative Requirements for emission and fuel efficiency becoming critical
driving factors
Electronics growing
8 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Estimates of 100-200 million source lines of code (SLOC)
− To put this into perspective
− There are ≈ 10,000 lines in a novel
> 20,000,000 SLOC
≈ 100,000 SLOC
≈ 6,500,000 SLOC
Sources
Pavey & Winsborrow, “Demonstrating Equivalence of Source Code and PROM
Contents”, Computer Journal Vol 36, No 7, 1993
Charette, “This car runs on code”, IEEE Spectrum, Feb 2009
9 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Emission Legislation
− Higher Power and Torque
− Fuel Efficient
− Smoother drivability
− Cost effective
Need for an ECU
10 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
Improved exhaust-gas after-treatment systems
Greater fuel savings
Better engine protection
Customer Benefits
Function
Engine Control Units provide real-
time regulation of both Fuel
Injection and Ignition Timing thus
simultaneously guaranteeing
maximum engine performance and
minimum fuel consumption.
Engine management ECU
11 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Reduced exhaust emission
− Increased fuel efficiency
− Improved drive-ability
− Smoother and/or quieter engine operation
− Safety functions
− Comfort functions
− Interactions with other systems
− Diagnostics
Advantages of an ECU
12 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
− Basics of Automotive ECU
− Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
− Software Architecture , functions and implementation
− Sample application of ECU within the vehicle.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Agenda
13 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
Automobile without ECU
Driver’s demand
Fuel-injection pump+Governor
+Timer Engine
Gear lever Gear box Wheels
Mechanical coupling
14 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
Automobile with ECU
Driver’s demand
Fuel-injection
pump Engine
Wheels
ElectronicControl
Unit
Electrical coupling
Mechanical coupling
CommunicationInterface (CAN)Sensors
15 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
16 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
Regulated Power Supply Module (RPS)
Micro-processor
(or)
Micro-controller
(CPU) Electrically Erasable and Programmable Memory (EEPROM)
Read only Memory (ROM) – FLASH
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Non-volatile RAM (NVRAM)
Input and Output ( I / O ) InterfaceSystem Clock (Oscillator)
ECU Connector
ECU Hardware
17 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
ECU system blocks
− Microprocessor/ Microcontroller
Executes the instructions as coded and generates output signals by
processing the information using specified control algorithms.
− Input Output interface
• Sensors - Registers the operating conditions and the desired values.
• Actuators - Convert the electrical output from ECU to mechanical
parameters.
− Memory Unit
• Boot Memory (ROM/Flash)
• Program memory (Flash)
• Calibration memory (Flash)
• Data memory (Flash, EEPROM, SRAM/Battery backed RAM)
18 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
− Basics of Automotive ECU
− Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Hardware architecture of a typical ECU.
− Software Architecture , functions and implementation
− Sample application of ECU within the vehicle.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Agenda
19 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Software Architecture , functions and implementation
Standardize the software architecture of ECUs, contributing to improved performance, safety and environmental friendliness.
− Increasing amount of networked functionality and software
− CO2 reduction (Hybrids, E-Motors),
− Safety enhancements (active, passive), …
− Because there was no common standard …
− Every company invented its own solutions
− Integration of 3rd-party software creating prohibitive efforts
− Who is responsible (for what), how to test (Methodology),
− Implementation efficiency (e.g. Wrapper software, Interface
components)
− Several tool chains required (own, plus those of 3rd parties)
− Situation without AUTOSAR
− OEM 'Standard Cores' to ensure correct network behavior
− But Tier-1 had to integrate different SW for each OEM …
− … integration problems difficult to identify and costly to debug
Hardware
Software
Hardware
Application Software
(ASW)
Basic Software (BSW)Proprietary
Hardware
ApplicationSoftware
AUTOSAR RTEECU Abstraction
and Complex Drivers
ECU Abstraction
and Complex Drivers
ECU Abstraction
and Complex Drivers
Microcontroller Abstraction
Services
20 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Software Architecture , functions and implementation
AUTOSAR Runtime Environment (RTE)
Application Layer
Microcontroller
AD
C
DIO
CC
U
PW
M
LIN
CA
N
SP
I
EE
PR
OM
FLA
SH
WD
T
GP
T
Ext. B
US
MC
U
Po
we
r &
Clo
ck U
nit
µC
e.g
. CC
U
e.g
. PC
P
e.g
. TP
U
Fle
xRa
y
SC
I
I/O Drivers
PO
RT
Driv
er
AD
C D
rive
r
DIO
Driv
er
PW
M D
rive
r
ICU
Driv
er
Microcontroller Drivers
Wa
tchd
og
Driv
er
MC
U D
rive
r
GP
T D
rive
r
Communication Drivers
CA
N D
rive
r
LIN D
rive
r
SP
I Ha
nd
ler D
rive
rMemory Drivers
RA
M T
est
inte
rna
l EE
PR
OM
Driv
er
inte
rna
l Fla
sh D
rive
r
Communication ServicesGeneric
NM
Interf.F
lexR
ay N
M
FlexRay
TP
DCM
Diagnostic
Com.
Manager
IPDU
Mux
Communication Hardware Abstraction
Memory
Services
NVRAM
Manager
CR
C Lib
Fla
sh C
he
ck
System Services
Fu
nctio
n In
hib
ition
Ma
na
ge
r FIM
Wa
tchd
og
Ma
na
ge
r
De
ve
lop
me
nt E
rror
Tra
cer
Dia
gn
ostic E
ve
nt
Ma
na
ge
r DE
M
I/O Hardware
Abstraction
Memory Hardware Abstraction
Memory Abstraction Interface
Onboard Device
Abstraction
External
Watchdog
Driver
CAN
NMCAN
TP
Ext. Flash
Driver
Flash EEPROM
Emulation
FR
Driv
er
LIN
Interface
Ext. C
AN
Driv
er
CAN InterfaceC
AN
tran
sc
Driv
er
Ext. F
R
Driv
er
FR Interface
FR
tran
sc
Driv
erExt.
EEPROM
Driver
EEPROM
Abstraction
Watchdog Interface
PDU Router
LIN
TP
AUTOSAR
COM CAN
Gen.
NM
LIN C
om
mu
nica
tion
Sta
ck
BS
W S
che
du
ler
EC
U S
tate
Ma
na
ge
r
Co
mm
un
icatio
n
Ma
na
ge
r
I/O Hardware
Abstraction
CA
N S
tate
Ma
n.
Fle
xRa
y S
tate
Ma
n.
AU
TO
SA
R O
S
LIN S
tate
Ma
n.
21 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Software Architecture , functions and implementation
Objectives: Basic SW: Decoupling of Hardware and Application SoftwareApplication SW: Relocation / Reuse of SW-Components between ECUs
22 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Software Architecture , functions and implementation
ECU-Hardware
AUTOSAR RTE
AUTOSAR Int.
SwitchEvent
Standardized Interface
Microcontroller Abstraction
Std. AUTOSAR
Interface
Services
Std. Interface
ECU
Abstraction
AUTOSAR
Interface
Std. Interface
Complex
Device
Drivers
AUTOSAR
InterfaceStandardized
Interface
Communi-
cation
Std. Interface
Standardized
Interface
Operating
System
DIO
check_switch ()
AUTOSAR Interface
LightRequest
AUTOSAR Interface
Front-Light Manager
get_keyposition()
AUTOSAR Interface
Headlight
set_current (…)
CAN Driver
switch_event(event)
switch_event
(event)
request_light
(type, mode)
request_light(type, mode)
set_light(type, mode)
set_light(type, mode)
PWM
Sta
nd
ard
ized
Inte
rface
Use case ‘Front-Light Management’
23 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Software Architecture , functions and implementation
− Read the Accelerator Pedal value and calculate the required Torque to be
generated from the Engine.
− This function has to be repeated every 20 milliseconds.
− Steps:
− Read the data captured by the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
on the Channel to which the Accelerator Pedal is Connected.
− Using this data, look-up the value from a 3D Table (Map), which
also contains the Engine RPM (Rotations per Minute), as another
input axis.
− Take the output value from the Map, multiply it by a correction
factor (depending on, for e.g. Performance or Economy Mode).
− The output of this calculation is the Torque to be generated by
the Engine.
− Repeat this sequence every 20 milliseconds.
Example Software Function / Task
24 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
− Basics of Automotive ECU
− Importance of electronics and software within vehicles
− Hardware architecture of a typical ECU
− Software Architecture , functions and implementation
− Sample application of ECU within the vehicle
Basics of Automotive ECU
Agenda
25 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Sample application of ECU within the vehicle
Chassis Systems ECU
The active chassis control help divers maintain
control over a wide range of challenging situations.
It is blend of broad range of braking, steering and
suspension technologies to enhance vehicle
control and help make the drive experience safer.
Modern automobiles are unthinkable without
systems like ABS or ESP.
Function
Improved steerability
Increased track stability
Reduced risk of skidding when braking
Reduced ABS braking distance
Customer Benefits
26 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Sample application of ECU within the vehicle
Body Control ECU
The BCM handles various switch inputs, LAN data,
and authentication for keyless entry devices in a
concentrated manner. (Power Seat Electronic
Control Unit, Anti-pinch Power Window Electronic
Control Unit) and many other functions.
Function
27 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Basics of Automotive ECU
Sample application of ECU within the vehicle
Safety systems
Passive Safety SystemsAirbag system
Seat Belt System
Steering Wheel System
Vision System
Pedestrian Protection
Tire Pressure Monitoring
Active Safety SystemsBrake systems
Driver Assist systems
Steering Control
Linkage & Suspension
Integrated Safety SystemPre-Crash Emergency Brake
systems
Lane Departure warning
Park assist
Roll Over protection
Collision Warning
28 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Software and Safety Consulting
Service Portfolio
Embedded Software Development
Embedded Software Development
Systems EngineeringSystems Engineering
Functional SafetyFunctional Safety
Optimized Software Architectures
Optimized Software Architectures
Process ImprovementProcess Improvement
Competencies Services
Software Development and Rapid Prototyping
Operative Support and Project Management
Organizational Change Management
Training and Coaching
29 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ETAS AUTOSAR Solutions
Overview of ETAS’ AUTOSAR Solutions
Basic Software
Configuration and
Generation
(RTA-OS, RTA-RTE, BSW*)
ECU 1
ECU 2
ECU n
Software Component
Implementation
(Model-based, Hand Code)
SW
Make
/Build
ASCET
*) AUTOSAR 4.0 Basic software modules developed and provided by Bosch.Developed to meet ASIL-D requirements. Roadmap details defined by Bosch.
Consulting and Engineering Services
(Training, Coaching, SW Development and Integration, On-site Support)
AUTOSAR
System
Specification
(ISOLAR-A)
Importers of non-AR formats
Virtual Validation Platform
(based on RT-Linux)
ISOLAR
EVE
Third-Party Tools
ETAS AUTOSAR Solutions
INCA*.arxml
SWC.c
RTE.c
OS.c*.arxml
BSW.c
dbc/fibex/ldf
30 Confidential | ETAS/ESC | 2014-01-21 | © ETAS GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ETAS Support for Automotive Embedded Systems & Software
Any Questions?
Vielen Dank
Thank youMerci beaucoup
有難うございました
감사합니다.
谢谢
Gracie Mille
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