establishing and maintaining broadcast quality video over ip yannick le dreau 4 september 2010
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Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IPYannick LE DREAU
4 September 2010
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP2
Agenda
Attracting and retaining subscribers– What can we realistically do to maintain the best delivery quality to our
subscribers ?– What do we mean by Quality of Service and Quality of Experience ?
The IP Video Ecosystem– Garbage in, Garbage out– What can we measure and how ?
A system wide view - where do we look and what do we look at ?
Putting it the Big Picture together– Finding and resolving customer impacting issues quickly– Using distributed monitoring and diagnostics– Element/Network Management systems– Proactive, not reactive; keep your subscriber away from his phone
Conclusion
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP3
Attracting and retaining subscribers
What are subscribers REALLY interested in ?– Getting the right program– Good picture quality– Synchronised audio and video
All these factors impact Quality of Experience (QoE)
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP4
Quality of Service & Quality of Experience
Quality of Service (QoS)– In network traffic engineering, QoS can be used provide various priorities
to differing data flows, or guarantee a certain level of performance to a data flow.
– In IP Video systems, this prioritization is critical to achieve good quality service delivery.
– Can be objectively measured by the provider himself
Quality of Experience (QoE)– Closely related, but subtly different– Focused on the overall performance of the delivery system from the end-
users perspective.
QoE is a subjective measurement of the perceived value of the overall service, and customer experience.
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP5
Quality of Service & Quality of Experience
QoS and QoE are inextricably linked !
Increasing video compression reduces bandwidth and can therefore improve QoS
The end user perceives lower quality video, therefore QoE is reduced
IP Video Ecosystem
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP7
IPTV Ecosystem
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The primary functions of the IP Video headend
Digital program acquisition:– Content from the satellite or terrestrial sources, and the preparation of
that content for digital delivery (National or regional).
Digital program storage:– Storage and insertion of additional, non-live broadcast programming like
local content, video-on-demand or advertising.
Digital program distribution and delivery:– Program preparation and aggregation, rate-shaping, modulation,
encapsulation (encoding), encryption and other technical processes for program delivery.
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IP Video Headend
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Headend Ingest - RF
Various RF parameters can be proactively used to measure RF signal quality;
– Modulation Error Ratio (MER)– Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)– Bit Error Rate (BER)
MER particularly is defined as a ‘single figure of merit’ of the RF signal
Measurement trending can be used to identify signal degradation
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP11
Headend Ingest – IP traffic
QoS refers to the ability of a service provider to support users’ requirements with regard to at least 4 service categories;
– Bandwidth– Latency or delay– Jitter– Traffic Loss
Measurement Category
Key Performance Indicators
Bandwidth Total Line Bitrate
IP Session Bitrate
TS Bitrate
Program Bitrate
PID Bitrate
Latency/Delay Max/Min Packet Inter-arrival Time (PIT)
Jitter Max/Min Packet Inter-arrival Time (PIT)
PCR_OJ, PCR Inaccuracy
PCR-PTS values
Traffic/Packet Loss RTP Lost Rate/Count
RTP Out of Order Rate/Count
Frame Checksum errors
TS Continuity Count errors
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP12
Headend Ingest - SDI
Multi source, multi format feeds need to be checked as they are brought into the plant.
Origination may be 3G-SDI
Rapid problem location by tracking video presence and format, luma and gamut errors, and CRC statistics.
Comprehensive audio information including clips, mutes, over and silence conditions can be summarized by individual audio channel.
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP13
Headend Ingest – File Based
Multi source, multi format feeds need to be checked as they are brought into the plant.
Using automated file-based QC solutions can reduce your end-to-end file time, reduce the number of people in the workflow, and reduce churn by having your content accepted the first time.
Automated QC can scale with content growth, increase service quality, and get better leverage out of existing staff.
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP14
What and where can wemeasure ?
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP15
What can we measure – QoE Metrics
It is important to look at subjective customer impacting issues such as video and audio impairments.
These are the QoE issues most likely to cause customer dissatisfaction, increase churn and therefore directly impact ARPU.
Video impairments include;– Stuck/Frozen Video detection– Black Video detection– Blockiness and slice error detection– Tiling/pixelization detection– Display of video metadata; codec type, resolution, display area, aspect
ratio, bit rate, Frames per second, scan and AFD
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP16
What can we measure – QoE Metrics
Using these video measurements, it is possible to isolate encoding issues from transport issues
Examples;– Tiling effects are typically caused by insufficient bit-rate for required image detail
rather than any TS stream defect (PCR errors, dropped packets, etc).– Blockiness artifacts are typically due to data loss - dropped packets, PCR jitter, or
TS format problems. Normally very noticeable.
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP17
What can we measure – QoE Metrics
Audio impairment measurements should include;– True Peak & Loudness (ITU-1770/1771)– Clipping– Silence detection– Detection of phase problems– Display of audio metadata including codec type, number of channels, bit rate and
sample rate.
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP18
Quality of Experience Monitoring:Video & Audio QoE scoring
Score hundreds of video and audio streams, based on customers’ experiences (QoE), in real time continuously & simultaneously
Screen capture of a video clip with low VQoE score
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP19
IP Video Quality Measurements (Who Cares)
QoE Customer
QoS Network
Content MeasuresPicture Quality, Blocking, Blurring,
Visual Noise, Audio Drop-outs
Media Transport MeasuresPCR Jitter, Pixelization,
Sync Loss, Continuity Errors
IP Network MeasuresPacket Loss, Jitter, Delay
Control MeasuresIGMP Latency, RTSP Latency, Channel
Zap Time
Physical
Visual
Ethernet
IP
UDP
RTP
MPEG-TS
Content
Contr
ol
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP20
Engineering Troubleshooting QOE/QOS Correlation
Time-based root cause analysis
Triggered capture capability
60-day historical report
By program
By location
Bit rate
Audio/Video QoE
Audio loudness
Discontinuity event
IP statistics
Splicing event
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Where can we measure ?
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Taking a system wide view
It has been shown that automated conformance checking and monitoring is possible across all types of ingest.
Any point where content is changed is a possible failure point;– Re-multiplexing– Transrating & transcoding– IP encapsulation and transmission
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP23
QoE Monitoring & ReportingDashboard, Alert Analysis By Program/Location
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP24
Putting the Big Picture together
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Using distributed monitoring probes can supply cross layer QoS/QoE metrics.
Operators need the ability to ‘tune’ the system to give focus to high priority assets.
How can you collate and sort all the information from these probes in order to quickly isolate problems ?
Putting the big picture together
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP26
Putting the big picture together
An Element Management System (EMS) can give several layers of features;
Engineering– The ability to identify impacted services and enable engineers to drill
down for rapid root cause analysis of video service delivery issues is key.– Providing alarms, logs, trending and reporting of key performance metrics
Operations– Ability to view video from any probe within the network– Inclusion of integration for STBs or other Customer Premises Equipment
(CPE) in order to provide diagnostics from the subscriber network.
Management– Provide key video and audio impairment data– Are we meeting our SLAs ? Are our providers meeting theirs ?– Use service data to be proactive; act before your customer does
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP27
Putting the big picture together
It can provide managers with the ability to track both network and service performance;
– Support for reporting through statistical logging and report generation– Trending analysis for tracking of management performance metrics and
service level agreements.
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Conclusion
It is clear that carrying high quality digital video across IP networks is a challenging task.
Differentiated IP services such as High Speed Data, VoIP and video all have differing bandwidth and QoS requirements.
Video requires high availability (in bandwidth and time) which requires implementation of robust network management policies, along with suitable monitoring tools to ensure those policies are maintained 24/7
It has been shown that IP video cannot survive in a “Best Effort” environment - video packets need to arrive in sequence and with no losses.
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Conclusion
Use of test equipment in this environment is essential and correctly placed monitoring probes across the network can provide important data in the form of KPIs for both QoS & QoE
Combined with the use of EMS/NMS, this can empower operators and engineers to efficiently manage network systems.
This can prevent degradation of signal quality which may result in errors which affect the end users experience and ultimately, Operator revenues.
Establishing and Maintaining Broadcast Quality Video over IP30
Questions?
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