essential counselling skills
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ESSENTIAL COUNSELING
SKILLS
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Essential Counselling Skills
1. interpersonal skills
A. Verbal skills
a. verbal tracking
b. appropriate vocal qualitiesc. verbal responses
B. Non-verbal skills
C. Client observation skills
2. Intervention Skills
3. integration skills
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INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
The core skills for counseling
Refer to skills required for building relationship
with clients in order to engage them in the
counseling process
Foundational in a trusting relationship between
the counselor and clients
Sets the stage for respect, openness,understanding and participation of clients in
the counseling process
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INTERVENTION SKILLS
the ability of the counselor to engage clients in
problem-solving
counselors should be familiar with the various
strategies and techniques
Counselor with a working knowledge of
different strategies will have a good repertoire
of skills to apply to each problem and situation
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INTEGRATION SKILLS
Ability of the counselor to apply strategies to
specific situations, bearing in mind the culture
and socio-economic context of clients
Each client presents with a mindset that islargely influenced by his culture and belief
system
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Example:
a client may come to a counselor feeling defeated,
ashamed and disposed. It is not unusual for him to say:I
dont know if I should be here. It is so strange talking to
you about my problems. Seems like I must be very weak
for not knowing how to deal with my problem. Dont you
think Im weak?
Avoid reassuring him too quickly and tell him he is not weak.
A helpful response would be to interpret his situation
positively:
I suppose it does seem that youre weak for
being unable to deal with your problem. However, it
must take some courage for you to come and reveal
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Verbal Skills
refers to the verbal content of the counseling
process
Counselor uses these skills to provide
attention to the client so as to facilitate the flowof conversation
Helps client feel comfortable enough to
disclose information for counselor to explorethe nature of the problem
Further lead to collaboration of client for
problem - solving
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VERBAL TRACKING
It is crucial that counselor be able to stay with
the clients topic
The client will be talking about different issues
or different aspects of one issue
Sometimes he will shift from one topic to
another
It is the counselors task to track the client andfollow with what is important so that the
interview will not be moving in different
directions.
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VOCAL QUALITIES
In attending to clients it is important to be aware ofthe way we communicate with them
Our voice is an instrument that communicateshow we feel towards clients
The pitch, volume, speech rate and tone all add toconvey to client the extent of our presence withthem
Moderate tone, lower volume, regulated pace andmedium pitch
Counselor need to vary his vocal qualities inaccordance with clients responses and problem
as well
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VERBAL RESPONSES
P araphrase
R eflecting feelings
I nterpretation
S ummarization
C larification
O pen and closed questions
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Paraphrase
refers to a repetition of the clients main words
and thoughts in the counselors own words
it is a way of telling the client that we are
hearing what is said and desire to hear morefrom him
the client will feel understood and be prepared
to explore deeper into the issue helps bring to focus a thought or situation for
clients consideration
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To ensure accuracy in paraphrasing:
1. begin your sentence with I hear you say; so
you seem to be saying; looks like you;
2. identify the essence of what the client has said
and summarize
3. focus on key words used by the client and usethem
It is important to time your paraphrasing. Allow
the client to talk, then as and when he pauses orwhen he tells you something significant, respond
with a paraphrase.
Constant use of paraphrasing disturbs the flow.
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example:
client: I have been feeling rather anxious
lately. My boss wants me to finish the report assoon as possible but he doesnt tell me when hewants it. Im afraid I may notbe able to g ive i t tohim i f he wants i t next week
could be paraph rased thus :
I hear you say that you are anxious that
you m ay not be able to know when you r bosswants the repo rt f rom you . Looks l ike you are
afraid you may not be able to subm it the repo rt
to your boss because he didnt give you a
deadline.
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Reflecting Feelings
related to paraphrasing except that the focus issolely on the affective state of the client and notthe content
A way to communicate empathy andunderstanding of clients feelings without saying..iunderstand how you feel.
A form of emphatic responding which involves theability of the counselor to perceive accurately andsensitively inner feelings of the client and tocommunicate understanding of these feelings inlanguage attuned to the clients experiencing ofthe moment
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2 dimensions:1. emphatic recognition which involves identification of
the feeling state of client2. demonstrate this empathy through accuratereflection of feelings to show the counselorcomprehends clients inner experiencing
Beyond words, counselors must note facial expressions,vocal qualities and various forms of body language
Then counselorneed to step into the shoes of the clientand feel as if they are the client
When the counselor is able to get in touch with theclients feelings, he should then respond emphaticallyby using appropriate feeling words and phrases.
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1. The pronoun you or the clients name ( this
helps to personalize the reflection)
2. The emotional label (s) or word(s): angry, sad,
scared, glad
3. A sentence stem ( You seem to feel.... I
imagine you feel.... Sounds like you feel....4. a context, to provide the setting for the
emotional experience ( you feel sad when
your child doesnt turn out the way you hadexpected.)
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Interpretation
Involves labelling and describing the clients
thoughts, feelings and behavior in a positive
way
It provides an alternative frame of view for theclient so that he can see himself and his
problem differently
Can lead to a better understanding of what ishappening in his life and serve as a catalyst
for change and growth
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e.g #2:
To a woman who is thinking of running away from an
abusive husband, it would be heartening to hear that she
is not crazy for entertaining such thoughts.
the counselor could say: i t must be a very di f f icul t
s i tuat ion for you. You are think ing o f running away
from you r husband. It is hard for m e to think you are
crazy as I guess someone in you r posi t ion wou ld be
thinking of the same thing.
Clients need support, encouragement and any gesture
of appreciation of their predicament.
By interpreting what they say and do differently, we can
tell them we are on their side to help them deal
constructively with problems.
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Summarization
reviews the content of the interview, brings together commonelements and clarifies.
gives the counselor a chance to hear if his or her thinking is
accurate and it gives a breather or a break to interview.
Serves an important function in the counseling process. It helps break the monotomy of the session, especially in the
case of a client who is long-winded and absorbed with his
problem.
Helpful in ending a session or beginning the next one, as it
communicates to the client that the counselor has been
listening and brings the session to some closure
In order to have an accurate summary, the counselor has to
listen carefully to client and pay attention to key ideas and
areas of concern.
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Clarification
No counselor should assume he knows exactly what the
client is saying even though ideas and words may sound
familiar.
They can mean different things under different
circumstances Help clients explore their statements attached to words
Lead them to explore issues related to the problem
presented
Led to make sense of dilemmas in their lives so as to makesense of their experiences and problems.
The counselor can respond by saying:
what did you mean when you said
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OPEN AND CLOSE
QUESTIONS The ability to ask appropriate questions is an important skill for
counseling
Meant to facilitate smooth flow of conversation so that the client
can talk about himself and his problem
If questions are not generated properly they can sound veryinterrogative and the counseling can become an investigative
session
Questions help to open up areas for discussion, assist counselor
in highlighting and clarifying issues and aid the client in self-exploration
Lead the counselor towards better understanding of clients
situation and the client to share his problem clearly.
Used open and care questions for smoother flow
What- serves to solicit facts & gathering of information
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Non Verbal Skills
S facing the person Squarely
O adopting an Open posture
L Leaning forward
E maintaining Eye contact
R being Relaxed
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CLIENT OBSERVATION
SKILLS
An effective counselor is someone who is
constantly aware of clients behavior
Client tells us a lot about their world by verbal
as well as non-verbal means. Counselors be highly aware of what clients are
saying especially through body movements,
facial expressions, vocal qualities andincongruities between body language and
verbal expressions
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