erich gunther - enernex

Smart Grid Boot Camp

Erich W. Gunther Chairman and CTO

EnerNex Corporation

Agenda•  10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) •  10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model •  11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid •  11:45 – Field Area Network Communications •  Noon – Enterprise Integration •  12:20 – Q&A •  12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

Characteristics of the Modern Grid

•  Enable active participation by consumers •  Accommodate all generation and storage options •  Enable new products, services, and markets •  Provide power quality for the needs of a digital economy •  Optimize asset utilization and operating efficiency •  Anticipate and respond in a self-healing manner •  Operate resiliently in disasters, physical or cyber attacks

Goals of this Workshop

•  Introducenon‐powerengineerstopowersystemsinfrastructure

•  Introduc5ontoenergyinfrastructurecommunica5onsandintegra5on

•  Provideanoverviewofthekeytechnologiesthatcomposeatypicalsmartgrid

•  IntroducekeystandardsthatwillunderpinthesmartgridintheUS

•  Introducethekeysmartgridorganiza5onsandprovideapointertoinvolvement

IEEE Smart Grid Video

Agenda•  10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) •  10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model •  11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid •  11:45 – Field Area Network Communications •  Noon – Enterprise Integration •  12:20 – Q&A •  12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model

Generation:PrimaryUSEnergySources

–  51%Coal–  21%Nuclear–  17%NaturalGas–  9%Renewables–  2%Petroleum

Source: Energy Information Administration http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pecss_diagram.html

TransmissionElectricityHighways

Source: Copyright © 1999 Aaron F. Snyder-Used with permission

Mont 63

Nort 74

Cana 28

Cmai 33

John 72

Teva 111

Eldo 131

Hayd 9

Lite 133

Dall 68

Coro 2

Fcng 7

WECC Reduced Model “Grid” Structure

Source: http://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/AboutNERC/maps/NERC_Interconnections_color.jpg

Distribution:ElectricityRoads

“Radial” Structure with presumed source and sink Simplifies protection design, conductor layout

Source: Gerry T. Heydt, ASU, used with permission

Source

Sink(s)

Source (open)

Distribution:SubstationAnatomy

14

The substation is the transmission to distribution “interface”

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability

IntelligentlyConnectingtheUtilitytoCustomers

•  EnableEnergySmartCustomers–  Integratedinformationfromutility–  Paymentoptions(e.g.,pre-payment)–  Outage&serviceconditioninformation–  Supportrateoptioninnovations

•  ManageDistributedResources–  Economicdispatchofloadresources–  Dispatchofloadforgridmanagement–  Intelligentnetmetering–  Managementofdistributedenergyresources

•  OperationalEfficiencies–  Fieldcommunicationlinkstodistribution–  Revenuecycleimprovements–  Situationaldatainnearreal-time–  Wholesale-retailmarketsintegration

•  Builtwiththefutureinmind–  UpgradeableWAN/HANcommunications–  Leverageopenarchitectureprinciplesinsystemdesign

–  Futurecustomerserviceofferings Source: Southern California Edison

ExampleofaSophisticatedSingleResidenceBuilding-integratedPowerSystem(BIPS)

Non-Usable Thermal Exhaust

Combination Air-conditioning Unit, Heat Pump, Hot water heat

Recovery System

Water Heater/Storage

G 5 kW Generator

AC Bus DC Bus

Primary House Cooling

Hot Potable Water

Space Heating and Hot Water assist

Fuel (propane) 5 kW PV

Array

Ultra-capacitor Storage bank

Heat recovery

Recovered Heat

Heat Pump Based Clothes

Dryer

Additional House Cooling

High Efficiency Lighting

DC Loads

Master System

Controller

Fuel

DC Voltage Regulator and

Charging control

IC Engine

DC to AC Inverter

Heat To Water Heater

Fuel

Heat Ducts

Backup Burner

Space Heat

Backup Burner

Source: Galvin Initiative

Source: NIST

NorthAmericanMarkets

Source: FERC http://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/rto/rto-map.asp

RegionsandBalancingAuthorities

20 Source: NERC, used with permission http://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/AboutNERC/maps/NERC_Regions_BA.jpg

ExampleofPrimaryNetworkMicro-GridSuitableforVeryHighReliabilityApplications

22

Heat

115 kV Bulk Supply

Substation

Gen

ICE Engine

static switch controller with

Islanding control

Customer Owned PV 250

kW

Utility Operated PV

750 kW

13.2 kV Underground

Heat Heat

Small Factory (1.25 MW)

Office Building (2 MW)

1200 kW Fuel Cell

Stack

Inverter Hospital (1 MW)

2500 kW

Gen

ICE Engin

e

4000 kW Utility Owned

Plant

District Heat Zone

Heat Flow

25 kW Wind

Small Business

Loads Under 50 kW Each

Small Factory (1 MW)

HSPD HSPD

HSPD

HSPD

HSPD HSPD

HSPD

HSPD = High Speed Protection and switching Device

Storage Based Stabilization

Device

To Bulk Supply Control Center

Communication and Control Link

Primary Point of separation during micro-grid mode

HSPD

HSPD

Central or Distributed Control for Micro-grids

(coordinates generation, power quality, HSPD, loads and thermal

energy)

HSPD

13.2 kV

Source: Galvin Initiative

ExampleofResidentialMicro-Grids

24

An efficient and reliable micro-grid doesn’t need to be large or

overly complex.

This could be several homes or several hundred homes – the generation & storage would

simply be scaled to accommodate the load.

Source: Galvin Initiative

Agenda•  10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) •  10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model •  11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid •  11:45 – Field Area Network Communications •  Noon – Enterprise Integration •  12:20 – Q&A •  12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

Smart Devices for the Smart Grid

Erich W. Gunther erich@enernex.com

27

Dynamic Line Rating Methods

1.  Tension Monitoring 2.  Weather Monitoring 3.  Sag Monitoring 4.  Line Temperature Monitoring 5.  Thermal Rate Monitoring 6.  New Technologies 7.  Integrated Model

New Technologies

EPRI Vision of advanced transmission line monitoring and sensors

Substation The substation is the transmission to distribution “interface”

30

Transformer Condition Assessment: Advanced Sensors

On-Line LTC Gas-in-oil and contact wear

24/7 InfraRed monitoring

3D Acoustic Emission defect location

On-Line Frequency Response Analysis

Solid-state Gas-in-oil sensors

Fiber-optic partial discharge

detection

UHF Partial Discharge (Future Research)

Benefits –  Reduced cost –  Online –  Less data

intensive –  More accurate –  Improved

prediction

Wireless Mesh sensors

Disconnect Temperature/Current Sensor Installation

RFID-type sensors (backscatter sensors)

Data collection from backscatter sensors

Interrogator Antennas

Advanced Event Signature Analysis

Waveform 1

Waveform 2

On Line Infrared systems

Field Data Access Architecture

1.  Enterprise Information Bus

2.  Generic Interface Definition (GID)

3.  IEC 61850 to CIM Translator

4.  Operational applications

5.  Real-Time Operations Bus

6.  Utility Identity Management

7.  Proxy & WAN Gateway 8.  WAN 9.  Cyber security 10.  Substation Gateway 11.  Substation LAN 12.  Substation IEDs 13.  Feeder IEDs 14.  Consumer devices 15.  Mobile work force

Challenges •  Tower of Babel

–  Hundreds of communications methods – mostly proprietary, mostly insecure, mostly not scalable

–  Even when standards based, there are multiple standards and few well defined information models

•  Difficult to make the business case to integrate and interoperate –  A historical problem for substation automation –  Becoming easier for asset management – preventing a

single large transformer failure can save millions

Motivation to Get it Right

Hot Topic Utility Applications •  General Conservation

•  Minimize customer energy & carbon footprint

•  Demand Management •  Grid Cost Reduction •  Grid Reliability & Stability Increase •  Demand Generation Avoidance •  Demand Consumption

•  Build an Energy Information Economy •  Create a Home Energy Services Market •  AMI Tunneling and Submetering

Hot Topic Customer Applications •  Appliances that ‘Do the Right Thing’ •  Electric Usage Awareness & Understanding •  Consumption Behavior Modification •  Utility Program Participation •  Home Automation for Comfort and Conservation •  Integrating Solar & Wind at the Home •  Integrating PEVs & PHEVs •  Distributed Storage •  Many Others…

Smarter Devices •  Water Management

–  Mange hot water production more intelligently –  Pool pump controls

•  HVAC –  Smarter thermostats: comfort, efficiency and grid-aware

•  Storage –  When appliances can’t or won’t shed, grid reliability can still

be achieved. PEVs, big batteries, other. •  Lighting

–  Tightly manage lights fixtures and natural light/heat sources •  Energy Management Home Automation Systems

–  Portals, Displays, and Set Top Boxes •  Smart Appliances

–  Coordinated, time, event, and price aware

Consumption Understanding

•  Utilities Sell Electricity in many ways but have little concept of how individual customers use it

•  Customers Use Products & Services… but have little concept of electricity use or value

•  Products & Services use electricity… but have little concept of how and when to conserve

•  Energy Services bridge the gaps by giving the customer the ability to meet demand requirements and personal goals regardless

Architecting Energy Services •  Access

•  Connect energy services to energy consumers •  Understanding

•  Help consumers understand usage •  Help consumers understand behavior

•  Remediation •  Help a customer know what to do next •  Enable the next step •  Automate the next step?

Energy Service Experience

•  Screw up the energy service experience, and:

HAN devices end up in a drawer OR service phone calls are made AND

Investment is Lost!

Agenda•  10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) •  10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model •  11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid •  11:45 – Field Area Network Communications •  Noon – Enterprise Integration •  12:20 – Q&A •  12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

ErichW.Gunther–ChairmanandCTOEnerNexCorporationerich@enernex.com

AFocusonRequirementsandSystemsEngineering

NISTSGConceptualModel

SmartGridCommunicationsEcosystem

LotsofChoices  IEEE802.xx

  IEEE802.11–WiFi  IEEE802.15.1‐>Bluetooth  IEEE802.15.4‐>ZigBee  IEEE802.16‐>WiMax  IEEE802.yy–Otherwireless  IEEE802.11i–wirelesssecurity

  GPRSmobiledatanetworks  ISASP100WirelessSpecifications  MultipleAddressRadioSystems(MAS)  Proprietaryunlicensedbandradiosystems  IEEEP1777–RecommendedPracticesforWireless

Systems

Toomuchfocusonthetech

  Meshversusp‐p,p‐mp  Licensedversusunlicensed  802.15versus802.16  IPv4versusIPv6  Publicversusprivate

Focusontheapplications

  Meterreading  Demandresponse  Distributionautomation

  feederdevicestatuspolling  Peer‐to‐peerprotectionschemes

  Substationautomation  Controlhousetoinyardassetsensors  Substationtodistributionfeederlinks  Video/thermalimaging

Widelydifferingrequirements

  Bandwidth  Latency  Reliability–redundancy,SPOF  Manageability  Security+privacy  Environmentalhardening  Cost  Technologylongevity

Onesizemaynotfitall

  Nofundamentalreasonthatonenetworktechnologyhastobeusedtoformthefieldareanetworkarchitecture

  Theapplicationrequirementsincludinglifetimemanagementshoulddictate

  Example:usingacombinationofWiMax,802.15g,andlicensedMASradiomaybeanacceptablesolutionforacomprehensiveapplicationdeployment

Conclusions

  Focusonapplicationsandtheirrequirements  Onevendor/technologymaynotbesufficient  Technologywillchange–planonit  Ensurecomponentsinteroperate  EnsureyoucanmanagetheFAN  EngineertheSYSTEMnottheTECH  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB4‐mBQPd7k

Agenda•  10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) •  10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model •  11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid •  11:45 – Field Area Network Communications •  Noon – Enterprise Integration •  12:20 – Q&A •  12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

SmartGridWorkshopSystemsIntegration

ErichW.GuntherChairmanandCTOEnerNexCorporationerich@enernex.com

Today:BuildingIsolatedSystems

•  Utilitiescurrentlytendtodevelopintelligentsystemsinisolation•  Forexample,AMRandparticipationinenergymarkets•  Neitherprojectistypicallydevelopedwiththeotherinmind.

AMR

Energy Markets

One-OffIntegration

•  Integrationistypicallydoneafterthefact•  Costissignificant

AMR

Energy Markets

DoingittheNextTime•  Nowwanttolinkinnewsystems•  Mustfirstmaketheoldsystemexpandable•  Thenmustdoanother“one-off”integration

AMR

Energy Markets

SCADA

Outage Management

Andagain…

AMR

Energy Markets

SCADA

Outage Management

Protection

Real-Time Contingency

Andthenyouremember…

AMR

Energy Markets

SCADA

Outage Management

Protection

Real-Time Contingency Security

AMR

ABetterWay:Top-DownDesign•  Definestandardizedinterfacesfirst•  Incorporatesecurity,networkmanagementandotherstrategiesrightfromthebeginning

•  Initialcostsareabitmorethanone-offintegration,butnotmuchmore

•  Newapplicationscanbuilddirectlytothenewarchitecture

Data Management Network Management

Security

Energy Markets

AMR

ABetterWay:TheNextPhase•  Canre-usethedevelopmentfromthefirstphase•  Expansionwasexpected•  Adaptationtolegacysystemswasplannedinadvance•  Overallcostsmuchlower

SCADA

Data Management Network Management

Security

Energy Markets

Outage Management

Outage Management

SCADA

AMR

ABetterWay:Andsoon…•  BenefitsINCREASEwithtime•  Oppositeoftheoldway

Protection SCADA

Data Management Network Management

Security

Energy Markets

Outage Management

Real-Time Contingency

Outage Management

SCADA Protection

68Source: NIST

NISTConceptualModel

SmartGridDataExplosionNew devices in the home

enabled by the smart meter

You are here.

AMI Deployment

PCTs Come On-line

Distribution Management Rollout

Mobile Data Goes Live

RTU Upgrade

GIS System Deployment

OMS Upgrade

Advanced Distribution Automation

Substation Automation System

Workforce Management Project

Time

An

nu

al R

ate

of

Data

In

take

200 TB

400 TB

600 TB

800 TB

Intelligent Industry

TheMethodology

6

TheCIM-CommonSystemsLanguageforUtilities

One Dictionary Supports Many Forms of Communication

•  Thesamedictionaryisusedformultipleformsofhumancommunication:–  Letters–  Phonecalls–  Conversations–  Emails–  Etc.

•  Insimilarmanner,thesameCIMisusedformultipleformsofcomputercommunication:–  XML–  RDF–  OWL–  DDL–  Etc.

72

AMIEnterpriseIntegration

Will it ever work together? •  How does one validate a real world end to end

integration? •  How does one validate integration with many vendors? •  How does one validate usability and simplicity overall? •  How does one validate real world security? •  There are 3100+ utilities •  There are many regulatory, ISO and RTO models •  There is retail, wholesale, regulated and deregulated

models •  There are Commercial, Industrial, and Residential

models •  The need for standards and interoperability

The Smart Grid Labs (north campus)

•  Scalability test equipment (meter to backend and multivendor) •  SCADA FEP, networks, cap banks, reclosers, switches, sensors •  7 AMI network vendors, 4 Meter vendors •  Multiple Appliance vendors (refrigerators, stoves, TVs, Washers,

Dryers, Hot Water heaters), many In Home Displays, Gateways, Thermostats, etc.

•  Many backhaul vendors (public, private) •  Many local premises network types (wired, wireless) •  Many backend systems (SAP, OMS, reporting, billing, etc.)

–  Messages to devices –  Meter disconnects –  On Demand Reads

Conclusion•  Manyoftheintegrationstandardsweneedarealreadythere(e.g.theCIM)

•  Therearedifferentneedsindifferentenvironments–  Definenewapplicationsandprocedures–  Agreeoncommoninformationmodels–  Createdefinenewprotocols–  Developnewtechnologies–  Applysystemsengineeringdiscipline

•  Eachofthesetaskscomeswithacost•  Standardsprovidethemostbenefitwhenimplementedfrequentlyandpervasively

•  Needacost-benefitanalysis•  Whicharetheeasiesttojustify(LHF)?•  NISTroadmapleadingtheway

Thankyou!

•  Questions!

•  Furtherquestionsandcomments:– erich@enernex.com

77

Copyright © 2010 EnerNex Corporation 78

Wrap-up

Where to Learn More •  UCA International Users’ Group

–  http://www.ucaiug.org

•  International Electrotechnical Commission –  http://www.iec.ch

•  Electric Power Research Institute –  http://www.epri.com

•  IntelliGrid Consortium and Architecture –  http://intelligrid.epri.com

•  IEEE Smart Grid –  http://smartgrid.ieee.org

Copyright © 2010 EnerNex Corporation 79

Wrap-up

Contact Information •  Erich W. Gunther

EnerNex Corporation

620 Mabry Hood Road, Suite 300 Knoxville, TN 37932 Phone +1-865-218-4600, ext. 6114 erich@enernex.com http://www.enernex.com/staff/staff_erich.htm