environmental impact assessment for waste treatment options seung hoon lee
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Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste Treatment Options
Seung Hoon LEE
Objectives and Structures
To overview the waste management system To introduce Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
for evaluation of waste management options To compare the potential impact assessment
by IWM-2 Model To predict the assessing impacts which may
be significant in relation to waste management options
Waste Management System
Waste is an inevitable part of our daily life NIMBY, PIMFY, BANANA Syndrome
Waste Management Hierarchy
• No scientific/ technical basis
• No economic assessment
• No environmental/ economic
comparisons between each other
Four stages in LCA
Goal and scoping
Impact Assessment
Improvement Assessment
Inventory Analysis
Source: SETAC 1999
Life Cycle Assessment for Waste Management
Waste Management Facility Life-Cycle
Design and Planning Permission and Licensing Construction Commission and Operation Closure or Decommissioning Post-Closure Monitoring
Waste Management Options Definition in EIA
Is there a need for the facility?
What management or disposal processes are in demand relative to the waste arising?
What is the current management and disposal capacity?
What size would the facility need to be, and does this represent an acceptable economic scale of activity?
Where would the facility best be located, in market terms?
Waste Management Facility Site Selection
To maximize conformance of the site characteristics with the project specification
To minimize environmental impacts To maximize acceptability of the project by
the local community To minimize the cost of the development
Factors Influencing Waste Management Options
Economic Factors
Technology
Environmental Considerations
Existing Waste Management
Politics and Legislation
Social Aspect
Waste Management Options
Sustainability Indicators for Waste ManagementShort term Long term
Economic AspectsEconomic AspectsInvestment cost, net operation, total net cost per collected ton, net annual total cost
Long term viability of collection and sorting operations and final disposal
Environmental AspectsEnvironmental Aspects
Quantity, quality of material recovered, local and regional health effects, residues, pollution, noise, landfill usage, natural resources used
Global impact: bio-diversity, global warning, acid rain: landscape, electricity consumption, waste produced, water usage
Social AspectsSocial Aspects Public acceptance, participation, employment
Welfare, natural resources availability
Technical AspectsTechnical Aspects Scale, flexibility, market potential
Potential for future development
Environmental Impact Assessment Stages
ScreeningScreening: regulatory authority to identify the need of EIA ScoopingScooping: identified key issues from a board range of potential concerns AssessingAssessing: direct, indirect, secondary, cumulative, short and long term, permanent, temporary, positive, and negative MitigationMitigation: reduce the undesirable impacts of a proposed action MonitoringMonitoring: environmental compliance with local regulations/effectiveness of the mitigation measures ReportingReporting: preparation of reporting ReviewingReviewing: reviewing before approval
Significance of Impacts for Different Options
LandfillLandfill IncinerationIncineration Biological Biological TreatmentTreatment
OdourOdour ooo oo ooo
Health RiskHealth Risk(Inhalation)(Inhalation)
ooo oooo o
Landfill GasesLandfill Gases oooo - -
LeachateLeachate oooo - -
TrafficTraffic oooo oo o
NoiseNoise oooo ooo o
Visual EffectVisual Effect oooo oooo oo
DustDust oooo o o
AccidentsAccidents ooo o o
O Increasing significance, - Negligible significance
Scoping of the Environmental Impact on Waste Management facilities
Potential issuesPotential issues Impacts on the environment
PopulationPopulation Perceived and actual public health risks nuisance
TransportTransport Traffic generated during construction, operation and restoration
Noise and vibrationNoise and vibration Increased noise levels during construction, traffic noise including reversing alarms
EcologyEcology Loss of habitat and protected species from restoration of minerals workings
Land and soilsLand and soils Land contamination, temporary loss of agricultural land
WaterWater Leachate from landfill – pollution of surface or groundwaters
Air and climateAir and climate Landfill gas, odour, dust and particulates, pollutants from incomplete combustion
Cultural heritageCultural heritage Loss of heritage features
LandscapeLandscape Change or loss of valued landscape
Public Health No human activity is risk-free Potential risks to the public:- Accidental emissions and discharges to air, water and
land - Emissions and discharges during routine operation by
poor design or operational practices- High level of noise, high dust level during constructing of
waste management facilities Appropriate management systemsAppropriate management systems:: prevention plans,
emergency plans, regular inspection Open management of waste management facilitiesOpen management of waste management facilities
disclose emissions data, discuss operations, encourage site visits, respond promptly to complaints
Transport Significantly increase road traffic: nuisance to residents
and road users (noise, fear) Risks of an accident involving hazardous wastes Air pollution: vehicle exhausts, dust/dirty from vehicle
carrying dusty waste/residues such as ash
Mitigation of Transport:- No transport routes through residential areas- Appropriate road condition for a significant increase in
heavy vehicle traffic - Speed restrictions on vehicles entering and leaving the
site
Monitoring and Auditing
Monitoring for noise, dust and odour issues Water quality of leachate, surface water and
groundwater Traffic management plan Air monitoring at source Visual impact, ecology, land restoration Any relevant public health indicators Any kind of social impacts
Public Consultation
Environmental awareness Understanding of environmental issues associated with
waste management options Critical to open decision-making and should begin as
early as possible in the EIA process Faithful public consultation process (conference format
rather than domenstration format) NIMBYY syndrome (concern over property value, visual
impact) Emissions: long term health effects
Conclusions EIA needs to be fully understood and taken into
account in order to prevent or minimize potential impacts on the environment.
EIA is quite comprehensive assessment because it requires possibly all kind of future impacts in the environment to be reviewed, mitigated, and monitored by professional expert.
Without proper implementing of EIA for waste management project, the future is unlikely to stray far from the common social syndrome known as “ NOT IN MY BACKYARD”.
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