engineering environment in pakistan changing role of chemical / mechanical engineers engineering...
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Engineering Environment in Pakistan
Changing Role of Chemical / Mechanical Engineers
Engineering Environment in Pakistan
Changing Role of Chemical / Mechanical Engineers
Contributors to Engineering Scenarios
Manufacturing Industries
ProcessIndustry
Availabilities of Raw material and
UtilitiesGovt. Statistics
IssuesOf
Environment
Consumers Goods& Formulations
Industry
Govt. Legislation+
Taxes
Business &
Financing
Human Resource
MarketImports / Exports
Technical / Engg.Universities
Regional Opportunities
S.No.
Indicators 2004-05
2005-06
1 Population (Million) 152.53 153.45
2 Per capita income (US $) 736.00 847.00
3 Exports (Billion US $) 14.39 8.07
4 Imports (Billion US $) 20.60 13.65
5 Trade balance (Billion US $) -6.21 -5.58
6 GDP Growth Rate (%) 8.40 7.00
7 Industrial Sector (growth rate) 10.20 8.00
8 Manufacturing Sector (growth rate) 12.50 9.00
Economic Indicators of the Country
S.No. Indicators 2004-05 2005-06
9 Large scale manufacturing 15.60 9.00
10 Small scale manufacturing 6.00 -
Share in GDP
11 Industrial sector 24.50 25.10
12 Manufacturing sector 18.30 17.90
13 Agriculture sector 23.10 22.50
14 Service sector 52.40 52.10
15 Consumer price index (%) 9.28 8.43
Continue…
Future Visual Domain of an Engineer
Major Issues in the West1. Design for Safety (Changing practices)2. Sustainable Development3. Environment4. Ergonomics5. Research and Development6. Other challenges include
Resource recycling
Energy conservation
Energy storage
Alternative energy
1. Design for Safety
Acceptable risk Residual risk Risk assessment Potential risk Hazard
Inherent Safety Strategies(& Intrinsic Safety) Minimize….use smaller quantities of hazardous substances ( Minimize storage/inventory,pipe sizes,vessel sizes,buffer capacities.
It significantly reduced fire & explosion index, risk index, etc.)
Substitute…. replace a material with less hazardous substance Moderate ….use less hazardous form/conditions for using substances
(liquid/solid/pellet/pastes) Simplify….design processes & facilities to avoid unnecessary
complexity that are tolerant to human error. Layer protection….equipment can fail and people can make
mistakes, whatever training is undertaken. Build safety at designing stage is desired in layers.
Intensification of processes….high intensity mixers, spinning disks, compact exchangers, micro reaction technology, structured catalyst and better control.
The probability of accidents is to be reduced and ultimately eliminatedIf an accident can happen it will !
Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present generation without comprising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.
Sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony, but a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, direction of investment and the orientation of technology are constituent with the present & future.
Some of the drivers for sustainable development are Environmental issues Socio-economic issues
2. Sustainable Development
Typical Examples for Sustainability Use of high chimneys to avoid acidic flue gases. CFC effects ozone layer replaced with HFC MTBE replaced in gasoline instead of TEL.
Today the Technology has to deal with different system levels, e.g.
Sr. No.
System Major discipline involved
1 World biotic and abiotic Ecology, politics, physics, Chemistry
2 Social infrastructure Social science, politics, economy, law, ecology, civil-engineering, city, architecture and landscape
3 Industrial complex Civil Engineering, economics, law
4 Process / Unit operation Chemical Engineering
5 Equipment Chemical and Mechanical Engineering
6 Catalyst Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering
3-5 Environment Ergonomics and R & D
Similarly the issues of Environment, Ergonomic Design & Development is the focus of Research and Development.
The availability of new technology, measurement techniques and customers demand is leading to Research & Development to enhance suppliers capability.
SuppliersCapability
CustomersDemand
A typical Model for Sustainable Development with System based tools for Environmental Managements is
Recognize Problem
Define & Frame
Formulate Objectives
ARTICULATION OF PEOPLE’S VALUES
SYNTHESIS
TechnologicalOptions
RiskAssessment
ScientificAssessment
EconomicAppraisal
ImplementationAnalysis
DECISIONReview
Major Issues in Pakistan
1. Men, Money, Machines & Information
2. Manufacturing Processes
3. Innovations
4. Research and Development
1(a). Human Resource (Men)
Proper Education & Training is desired.
1(b). Financial Resource
The money supply in the country has been irregular.
The financial institutions are not mature as that in the region.
The Government procedure are too cumbersome.
1(c). Machines & Information
2. Manufacturing Processes
3-4. Innovations and R & D
Research on indigenous problems.Solution oriented innovations.New development based on research.
“Every Problem is an Opportunity”
The Opportunity we are going to address in this seminar is targeted to.
“Design and Development in Chemical/ Mechanical Engineering”
Some of the Design Organizations in Pakistan DESCON JGC Haseeb Waqas Engineering Limited Pakistan Steel Fabricated Co-operation
Limited, Karachi HMC, Taxila Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
Some of the Fabrication Companies in Pakistan DDFC HI Tech HMC Machine Tool Karachi Karachi Shipyard Technique Engineering Services, Lahore Petrosin A. Karim & Sons (Pvt) Limited Chenab Engineering Crown Engineering Material Craft Matchless Engineering (PVT) Limited Engineering Associates SG Engineering Limited
Process Design Methods Manual Computer Aided
Changing Role of Design Engineer
1. Product development is a cross-functional knowledge-intensive work that has become increasingly important in the fast-paced globally competitive environment.
2. The traditional role of design engineers in product development was limited to technical design decision. As product development efforts use cross-functional teams and knowledge sharing, the Design Engineers are required to do more and to know more.
3. As a firm shifts towards integrated product development, the functions (R & D, marketing, engineering and manufacturing etc) operate in a collaborative manner. Barriers to communication are removed, Knowledge is properly transferred and complex problems are resolved in a timely manner.
(A diagrammatical relationship is shown on next slide)
Clarity of Projects Targets
(Clarity)
Product DevelopmentProductivity(DEVPROD)
Shared Knowledgeabout Customers
(SKCUST)
Role Change of Design Engineers
(RCDE)
Role of Engineer in Equipment Fabrication
A Project Manager (A leader & Integrator)A Specialist (Source of Knowledge)An Inventor (Creativity & Innovation)
Major Human Skills Desired
Defining Skills ( Technical Domain )
Enabling Skills (Social Domain )
Theoretical Understanding Communication
Practical Application Team-working
Technical Breadth Business Skills
Creativity and Innovation
Average Importance of Skills
Engineers as Opportunity Generators
Acquiring Technology. Innovation Chain. Linking Research with Market. Networking. Strategic Alliances.
Some of factors that contribute to a unique opportunity for Pakistan are:
Hardworking, educated cheap human resources.
Liberal financial policies for investment. Software Design through establishment of
Design Centres/ Companies. Fabrication of equipment at significantly
cheap rates.
Way Ahead Equip the human resource with the desired technical
knowledge and skills Provide opportunity of work in the country through
local and international collaboration. Establish design and development capabilities in the
country (like design centers being established in India, China and far east)
Development of pro-active approach in all domains with proper legislation for effective quality assurance and safe operating opportunities for continuous development.
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