engineering design issues for eoc’s, hurricane shelters and other essential facilities

Engineering

Design Issues for EOC’s, Hurricane Shelters and other Essential Facilities

Florida Emergency Operations Centers Design and Evaluation

Criteria

Danny Kilcollins, FPEM

Planning Manager

Division of Emergency Management

Features of a

Survivable EOC

Minimum Hurricane

Safety Criteria for

Critical Facilities

ARC 4496 Hurricane Hazards

Wind

Storm Surge Flooding

Rainfall Flooding

Hazardous Materials

High Performance

Design Criteria:

DOE-STD-1020

DOE-STD-1020 Natural Hazards

Wind

Flooding

Earthquake

Hurricane Wind Design

DOE 1020 Wind Design

Return Period Years

ASCE 7-02

Florida Building Code –

Basic Wind Speeds and Windborne

Debris Impact

Regions

Basic Wind Speed Conversions

Equivalent Basic Wind SpeedsWind Speed Conversion

3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph)

Wind Measurement Scale

Hurricane Category 1

Hurricane Category 2

Hurricane Category 3

Hurricane Category 4

Hurricane Category 5

Extreme Hurricane Category 5

3-second Gust (ASCE 7 and 2004 Florida Building Code)

90 117 135 160 190 230

Fastest Mile (Standard Building Code)

75 100 117 141 170 209

1-minute Sustained (National Hurricane Center)

74 96 111 131 156 188

1,000-yr Return Period

1,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida

Fla. PC 3 Wind Design Criteria

10,000-yr Return Period

10,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida

Fla. PC 4 Wind Design Criteria

Probable Minimum Central Pressure Limit Estimate for Hurricanes; Source: K. Emanuel (1996)

Minimum Central Pressure to Wind Velocity Conversion

Source: Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present and Future; Landsea, etal

880 mb = 190 mph (232 mph, 3-sec gust)

885 mb = 185 mph (226 mph, 3-sec gust)

890 mb = 180 mph (220 mph, 3-sec gust)

900 mb = 170 mph (208 mph, 3-sec gust)

910 mb = 165 mph (202 mph, 3-sec gust)

Windborne Debris Impact Resistance Criteria

Protection Type, Vertical Surface

Missile Weight, lbs

Missile Velocity, mph

Missile Velocity, ft/s Energy, ft-lb

Momentum, lb-sec Kinetic Pulse

Hurricane Design Windspeed Range, mph (3-sec. gust)

Basic-D 9 34 50 349 14 4,883 85 or lessBasic-E 9 50 74 765 21 15,828 90 - 125Basic E 9 55 80 894 22 19,999 90 - 125Enhanced-A 9 60 88 1,082 25 26,619 130 - 160Enhanced-A* 9 65 95 1,261 27 33,490 130 - 160Enhanced-B 9 70 103 1,483 29 42,683 165 - 200Enhanced-B 9 75 110 1,691 31 51,990 165 - 200Enhanced-B* 9 80 117 1,913 33 62,561 165 - 200Enhanced-C 9 85 125 2,184 35 76,291 205 - 250Enhanced-C 9 90 132 2,435 37 89,839 205 - 250Enhanced-C 9 95 139 2,700 39 104,903 205 - 250Enhanced-C* 9 100 147 3,020 41 124,078 205 - 250

Enhanced-B 15 50 74 1,275 34 43,968 165 - 200Enhanced-C 15 55 80 1,491 37 55,553 205 - 250Enhanced-C 15 60 88 1,804 41 73,942 205 - 250Enhanced-D* 15 85 125 3,639 58 211,919 Tornado F2Enhanced-E* 15 100 147 5,033 68 344,662 Tornado F3

* - Denotes missile impact criteria (weight and velocity) selected to represent the specified protection type.

Representative Wind Design Criteria

Applies to the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipmentWind Load Design per ASCE 7 Standard

Load Factor Reductions per (draft) ICC 500Minimum Design Wind Speed = 190 mph, 3-second gustWind Importance Factor, I=1.00Exposure Category = CDirectionality Factor, Kd=1.00Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi= +0.18/-0.18

Representative Wind Design Criteria

The EOC designated as a threshold building, and special structural inspections required

Special inspections conducted in compliance with section 553.79, Florida Statutes and other applicable statutes, laws and rules

Representative Wind Design Criteria

Design Windborne Debris Missile = 15 lb 2x4 propelled at 50 mph (74 ft/sec)

Momentum = 34 lb-sec Energy = 1,275 ft-lb

Design missile applies to all exterior enclosure components, claddings and assemblies (i.e., walls, roofs, louvers, windows, doors, etc.) Design missile applies to enclosure surfaces located within 60 feet in height above finish grade

Tornado Wind Design

FEMA 361 – Tornado Winds

FEMA 361 Wind Zones

TORNADO EVENTS IN FLORIDA

54%31%

13%2%

F0F1F2F3+

F0

Representative Tornado Wind Design

Applies to the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipmentWind Load Design per ASCE 7 Standard

Load Factor Reductions per FEMA 361Minimum Design Wind Speed = 200 mph, 3-second gustWind Importance Factor, I=1.00Exposure Category = CDirectionality Factor, Kd=1.00Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi= +0.55/-0.55

Atmospheric Pressure Change (APC) or venting req’d

Representative Wind Design Criteria

The EOC designated as a threshold building, and special structural inspections required

Special inspections conducted in compliance with section 553.79, Florida Statutes and other applicable statutes, laws and rules

Representative Wind Design Criteria

Design Windborne Debris Missile = 15 lb 2x4 propelled at 100 mph (147 ft/sec)

Momentum = 68 lb-sec Energy = 5,033 ft-lb

Design missile applies to all exterior enclosure components, claddings and assemblies (i.e., walls, roofs, louvers, windows, doors, etc.) Design missile applies to enclosure surfaces located within 150 feet in height above finish grade

Flood & Rainfall Design

DOE 1020 Flood Criteria

NOAA HMR No. 51 and

No. 52Probable

Maximum Precipitation

Estimates

24-hour PMP @ 10 sq.mi. Basin

72-hour PMP @ 10 sq.mi. Basin

Estimated 24-hour Rainfall Rates w/Recurrence Intervals

Local Precipitation & Site Drainage Design (24 hr Rainfall, inches) - 12" @ 100-yr

Basin Size, sq.mi. X

0(100-yrs)

1(500-yrs)

2(2,000-yrs)

3(10,000-yrs)

4(100K-yrs) PMP

1 l.t. 100-yr 14.5 22.4 29.2 37.0 48.5 57.1

10   12.0 18.5 24.1 30.5 40.0 47.1

100   10.5 16.2 21.1 26.7 35.0 41.2

200   10.1 15.5 20.2 25.6 33.6 39.5

500   9.3 14.3 18.6 23.6 30.9 36.4

1,000   8.5 13.0 17.0 21.5 28.2 33.2

5,000   5.6 8.6 11.2 14.2 18.6 21.9

10,000   4.5 6.9 9.0 11.4 15.0 17.6

20,000   3.5 5.3 6.9 8.8 11.6 13.6

Conversion of 10 sq.mi. PMPs to 1

sq.mi. PMPs

1-hour PMP @ 1 sq.mi. Basin

Estimated 1-hour Rainfall Rates w/Recurrence Intervals

Local Precipitation & Roof Drainage Design (1 hr Rainfall, inches)

Basin Size, sq.mi. X

0(100-yrs)

1(500-yrs)

2(2,000-yrs)

3(10,000-yrs)

4(100K-yrs) PMP

1 l.t. 4.30 4.3 6.0 8.0 11.0 16.5 19.4

10   3.54 4.95 6.60 9.06 13.60 16.00

100   2.49 3.48 4.64 6.37 9.56 11.25

200   2.06 2.88 3.84 5.27 7.91 9.31

500   1.55 2.16 2.88 3.96 5.95 7.00

1,000   1.16 1.62 2.16 2.97 4.45 5.24

2,000   0.73 1.02 1.37 1.88 2.80 3.30

5,000   0.52 0.72 0.96 1.32 1.98 2.33

10,000   0.39 0.54 0.72 1.00 1.49 1.75

20,000   0.30 0.42 0.56 0.80 1.16 1.36

Summary of Flood Design Criteria

Summary of Flood Design Criteria

Performance Category X

0(100-yrs)

1(500-yrs)

2(2,000-yrs)

3(10,000-yrs)

4(100K-yrs)

Flood Hazard Return Period, yrs l.t. 100 g.e. 100 g.e. 500 g.e. 2,000 g.e. 10,000 g.e. 100,000

Design Reqm'ts

Does not meet ASCE 24, FBC and ARC 4496

ASCE 24, FBC plus ARC 4496

ASCE 24, FBC Essential Facility plus ARC 4496 ASCE 24 ASCE 24 ASCE 24

Minimum Design Floor Elevation

Floor Elev. Below BFE

BFE or DFE, whichever is

greater

BFE + 1.5 ft. or local DFE,

whichever is greater

BFE + 2.0 ft. or local DFE,

whichever is greater

BFE + 3.0 ft. or local DFE,

whichever is greater

BFE + 4.0 ft. or local DFE,

whichever is greater

Riverine Flooding

FIRM Zone Shaded A, AE,

AH or V

FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply

design precip event to basin

FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply

design precip event to basin

FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply

design precip event to basin

FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply

design precip event to basin

FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply

design precip event to basin

Summary of Flood Design Criteria

Summary of Flood Design Criteria

Performance Category X

0(100-yrs)

1(500-yrs)

2(2,000-yrs)

3(10,000-yrs)

4(100K-yrs)

Flood Hazard Return Period, yrs l.t. 100 g.e. 100 g.e. 500 g.e. 2,000 g.e. 10,000 g.e. 100,000

Local Precipitation/Site Drainage

l.t.100-year, 1-day Precip

Design

g.e. 100-year, 1-day Precip

Rate; apply

design precip

event to site

~ 22 inch, 1-day Precip

Rate; apply design precip

event to site

~ 29 inch, 1-day Precip

Rate; apply design precip

event to site

~ 37 inch, 1-day Precip

Rate; apply design precip

event to site

~ 48.5 inch, 1-day Precip

Rate; apply design precip

event to site

Roof Design Drainage; ref: Figure 1106.1, FBC-Plumbing

l.t.100-year, 1-hour

rainfall rate; l.t.

~4.3 inchs/hr

g.e.100-year, 1-hour

rainfall rate; g.e. ~4.33 to

5.0 inchs/hr g.e. 6 inchs/hr g.e. 8 inchs/hr g.e. 11 inchs/hr g.e. 16.5 inchs/hr

Storm Surge

l.t. Cat. 5 minus 1.0 ft. elev.

g.e. Cat 5 minus 1.0 ft. elev. g.e. Cat 5 elev.

g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 10%

g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 15%

g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 20%

Storm Surge Flooding

SLOSH Storm Surge ModelCategory 5 inundation depth/elevation, NGVD

Maximum Envelope of Water

Margin of Error = +/- 20%

Category 5 elev. + 20% = Probable Maximum Inundation

Storm Surge Flooding

Fla. Performance Category 3 = Cat. 5 + 15%

Fla. Performance Category 4 = Cat. 5 + 20%

Performance suggested per county based on PC 4 (10,000-yr) Wind Map

Design wind speeds at coast that are greater than or equal to 190 mph (3-sec. gust) = Cat. 5 + 20%

Design wind speeds at coast that are less than 190 mph (3-sec. gust) = Cat. 5 + 15%

Representative Flood Design Criteria

Applies to lowest floor for the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment

Finished Floor Elevation NGVD determined by:Category 5 storm surge elev. + 20%

BFE + 3.0 feet

500-yr elevation + 2.0 feet

Highest recorded flood elevation + 3.0 feet

Whichever flood elevation is highest

Representative Flood Design Criteria

The site (point maximum, one square mile) hydrologic design shall ensure that the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment are not flooded due to a 24 hour, 37.0 inch rainfall event applied over a precedent 24 hour, 100-year rainfall event

Opinion of design professional is acceptable

Basin-wide analysis not required

Representative Flood Design Criteria

Where secondary (emergency) roof drains or scuppers are required by the Florida Building Code—Plumbing, the secondary system shall be sized for a rainfall rate of eleven (11.0) inches per hour

Earthquake Design

Earthquake 10,000-yr

Design Criteria for

Florida

Earthquake 10,000-yr

Design Criteria for

Florida

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