energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental
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KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Laboratory of the Helmholtz Association
1Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), KIT Campus Alpine, Bavaria2Institute of Geography and Geoecology (IFGG), KIT Campus South
www.kit.edu
Energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protectionSome insights on air quality and urban systems – Potential cooperation between Shandong and BavariaDr. Peter Suppan1
PD Dr. Stefan Norra2
2 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
- Centres
KIT Portfolio
Nano and Micro Scale Science
Climate and Environment
Astroparticle Physics
Energy
260 km
3 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
KIT Center Energy
Energy Storage and Distribution
Efficient Energy Use
Fusion Technology
Nuclear Energyand Safety
Energy Systems Analysis
EnergyConversion
Renewable Energies
4 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
KIT Center Climate and Environment
Risk and Risk Management
Urban Systems
Technology- induced Material Flows
Processes in the
Underground
Water Resources and Water
Management
Atmospheric Processes
Climate Change
5 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Topic: Urban Systems within the Center ofClimate and EnvironmentSpeaker PD Dr. Stefan Norra & Dr. Peter Suppan
Infrastructure Social Vulnerability Urban Development Scenarios
Health impact
Climate Change, Natural Disasters, Environmental Pollution
Ecosystems Atmosphere and Urban Climate Management of Water Resources,
Material Flows, and Energy Flows
6 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
mortality
hospital admissions
emergency room visits
physician office visits
reduced physical performance
medication use
symptomsimpaired pulmonary function
Sub-clinical (subtle) effects
severity ofeffect
Proportion of population affected
Health Impact Pyramid
Driving Force: Health Impact
7 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Source: PAN American Health Organization, 2005
Region Percentage change Reference
Asia 0.49% (0.23-0.76) HEI, 2004
Europe 0.60% (0.40-0.80) Katsouyanni, 2001
Latin America 0.61% (0.16-1.07) PAHO, 2005*United States 0.21% (0.09-0.33) Dominici, 2003
Worldwide 0.65% (0.51-0.76) Stieb, 2002
Mortality rates on PM10 increase
* Based on studies in Mexico City, São Paulo, Santiago de Chile
8 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
AQ level
Annual average PM10 concentrations (µg/m³)
Economical Benefit
Reduction benefit is 10 times higher as for ozone, e.g. Mexico City about $2 Bill.
Molina and Molina, 2002
M. Krzyzanowski, H-G. Mucke, WHO
9 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Bogotá
São Paulo
Jakarta
Jakarta
Santiago de Chile
Mumbai
Beijing
Santiago de ChileMexico City
Living space
Social structure
Land use
Mobility
Environment
Energy
Air quality
Well-Being / Health
Reasons & Risks
Climate Change
severe flooding (1999, 2005)
10 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Energy demand development Key system drivers: population and economic growth World energy demand until 2030: 50 % increase APEC (Asia Pacific Region) energy demand until 2030: 100 % increase Breakdown to national level demands
Development of energy supply Supply security Decrease in CO2 emissions Focus on renewable energies
Problem area: Energy
11 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Large hydropower3.0 % Power generation
0.8 %
Traditional biomass13 %
Hot water / Heating1.3 %
Biofuels0.3 %
Fossil fuels79%
Nuclear3%
Renewables18%
Source: REN21, Renewables 2007, Global Status Report
Global final energy consumption
12 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
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0 10 20 30 400,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
CO
2-Eq-
Bioe
nerg
y / C
O2-S
avin
gs
Plant N content [g N kg-1 DW]
Sugar cane
RapeseedWheat/BarleyMaize/root crops etc.
Increase ofGHG-emissions (N2O)
Crutzen et al., 2008
Bioenergy from N+Plants
Reduction ofGHG-emissions (N2O)
13 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Source: APERC 2007, Shobhakar Dhakal (2004). Urban Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in East Asian Mega-cities
Industry
Transport
Residential
Com
mercial
Beijing 62% 8% 17% 13%
Shanghai 80% 10% 7% 3%
Seoul 18% 25% 37% 20%
Tokyo 11% 37% 22% 30%
Urban energy distribution
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
TOE
per P
erso
n
Beijing Shanghai Seoul Tokyo
14 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Emission Data
Integrated Approach
0 30000 60000-500
500
1500
2500
U
O
U [
]
P1P2
P3P4
P5
P6P7
P8
-
1
2
Measurement Data
Air Quality
Indicator
Scenario
StakeholderHealth Impact
Mortality
……………
………………….
Subclinical Effects
Chem
Chem
Traffic Data
Urban Development
15 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
First
Second
Third
The Badaling m
otorway
Münkel, C., “Mixing height determination with lidar ceilometers -results from Helsinki Testbed,” Meteorol. Z. 16, 451-459 (2007).
Emeis, S., Schäfer, K., Münkel, C.: Observation of the structure of the urban boundary layer with different ceilometers and validation by RASS data. Meteorol. Z. 18, 2, 149-154 (2009)
Sampling Strategies
Optical remote sensing:Ceilometer von Vaisala LD40 or CL31wave length: 855 or 910 nmrange: 4000 mResolution: 15 or 5 m
16 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
passive: Sigma 2 for particles between 2.5 and 80 µm active: MV-Sampler for PM2.5
Sampling Strategies
17 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
10 km
1
CUG
2
34
5
CRAES
Sampling Sites
18 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
NW SE
Spatial distribution – PM2.5 and BC (soot)
City Center
19 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Fly ash
Halite
Kali-Feldspar
Soot sphere
SEM ImagesGeogenic particles
Anthropogenic particles
Connected particles
20 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Air Quality Modelling in the greater area of Beijing (in co-operation with CAS-IAP)
Measurements of Mixing layer height based on a Ceilometer (IMK-IFU, Vaisala) at
CAS-IAP
Measurements / Simulations
21 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Emission Reduction Strategies
Olympic Games Beijing
Olympic Games Beijing
Time Period:15.10.2007 – 01.02.2009
22 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Agricultural areas and woodland
Construction Changes, bright metal roofs
PM10 over the City Center of Augsburg in April 2007
PM10 over Augsburg in April 2007
Integrated Measurement / Simulation concept
Master-Thesis: Stefanie Schrader
23 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Air quality issues need an holistic and interdisciplinary approach
In order to understand the complex system of a mega city, further process studies have to be done in each discipline
Link between the fields of land-use, energy, transportation, air quality, climate change and health demonstrates the interaction and tackles central problems in a mega city
Air quality and health impact assessment studies are essential prerequisites for mitigation and adaptation strategies and for reducing e.g. environmental risks (air pollution, congestion, waste, ...) social risks (spatial segregation, health problems, …) costs (healthcare system, transportation, production, ...)
Conclusions
24 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BeijingProf. Yuesi WangDr. Xin Jinyuan
China University of Geosciences (CUG), BeijingProf. Cen Kuang
China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing(CUMTB)
Prof. Longyi Shao
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing
Prof. Chai FaheProf. Chen Yizhen
German Meteorological Service (DWD), FreiburgDipl.-Ing. Volker DietzeDipl.-Ing. Mathieu Fricker
Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU)Prof. Dr. Annette PetersDr. Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
Qingdao Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (QRAES)Prof. Sun Hekun
Co-operations and Partners
25 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
in cooperation with Prof. Longyi Shao (CUMTB) and Prof. Yuesi Wang (CAS-IAP)
Rongrong Shen, full CSC PhD Student (4 years)• aerosol measurements with the focus on source
apportionment
Ruiguang Xu, full CSC PhD Student (4 years)• air quality modeling with the focus on aerosol composition and
distribution
Ling Hong, sandwich (IAP-CSC-HGF) PhD Student (4 years)• air quality measurements with the focus on remote sensing
techniques (SODAR, contactless)
Yu Yang, full CSC PhD Student (1 year)• aerosol measurements with the focus on source
apportionment / optical depth
Capacity Building
26 29.04.2010 Sino-German Cooperation Qingdao Summit, April 29th, 2010Sub-meeting B:Meeting on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Peter SuppanPD Dr. Stefan Norra
Thank you very much for your attention
….and thank you for the invitation and welcome to GermanyInternational Bureau (IB) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) of Germany
Qingdao Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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