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Regulator Division
Company Confidential
Tank Protection & Control Advanced Safety and Environmental Control Solutions for a New World
Albert Espinel – Tank Management Sales Manager
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 2
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AGENDA
EMERSON as a Full Tank Solution Provider
Storage Tanks: Protection and Vapor Pressure Control
Standards & New Regulations
EMERSON Product Portfolio Overview
Regulator Solutions to Tank Management
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 3
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Emerson Offers a Full Package Solution Tank Blanketing
Final Control
Control System
Steam Loop
Pressure Temp.
Monitoring
Emerg. Vent Valves
Vent Valves
Flame Arrestor
Hatches Gauging
Flow
Monitoring
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 4
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AGENDA
EMERSON as a Full Tank Solution Provider
Storage Tanks: Protection and Vapor Pressure Control
Standards & New Regulations
EMERSON Product Portfolio Overview
Regulator Solutions to Tank Management
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 5
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What are Storage Tanks?
Tanks that store various liquids at low pressure
Stored products include oils and chemicals
From production processes to distribution
Seen throughout the supply chain
Throughout the world
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 6
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Why do Storage Tanks require Protection?
• Safety
• Managing the vapor pressure
• Reducing a combustion source (oxygen)
• Addressing emergency conditions
• Protecting the tank itself
• Product Quality & Quantity
• Protecting contents from oxidation &
moisture
• Minimizing product loss
• Environment
• Minimizing the release of emissions
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 7
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The Importance of Vapor Pressure Control
Content is pumped in Content is pumped out
Vapor space heats and expands Vapor space cools and condenses
Controlling the
pressure of the
vapor space
Controlling the vapor space pressure (above the liquid) is one of the keys to safety
Pressure that is too high or low can collapse a tank
This vapor space pressure changes due to:
– Pumping in or out of product
– Temperature changes
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The Effect of Pumping (In or Out)
Content is pumped in Content is pumped out
Controlling the
pressure of the
vapor space
When tank contents are pumped in:
– Tank vapor space pressure increases
– Excess pressure needs to be relieved or vented
When tank contents are pumped out:
– Tank vapor space pressure decreases
– Lower pressure needs to be compensated
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The Effect of Temperature (Up or Down)
Vapor space heats and expands Vapor space cools and condenses
Controlling the
pressure of the
vapor space
As tank contents cool down, the vapors inside condense
– Tank pressure decreases
– Lower pressure needs to be compensated
As tank contents heat up, the vapors inside expand
– Tank pressure increases
– Excess pressure need to be relieved or vented
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 10
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Emissions, Product Loss & Product Quality
Controlling the
pressure of the
vapor space
Air and moisture can enter tank Volatile emissions can escape from tank
Inaccurate tank vapor pressure can also have other consequences:
– Excess emissions and product loss if pressure exceeds design
– Product quality can be compromised if pressure is lower than design and pulls in contaminants
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 11
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Solutions for Managing Vapor Pressure
Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves
– PVRV’s (combination – include both pressure and vacuum relief)
– Pressure Relief Valve
– Vacuum Relief Valve
– The above can be for pipe-away or vent-to-atmosphere
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 12
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How Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valves Work
Vacuum Relief
– Tank pressure is sensed
– If tank pressure < atmospheric pressure, then air enters tank
– This will restore the tank to its proper operating pressure
• Pressure Relief
– Tank pressure is sensed
– If tank pressure > design set point, then tank vapor is released
– This will restore the tank to its proper operating pressure
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 13
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The Importance of Oxygen Control
Combustion requires three things:
– Fuel
– Heat
– Oxygen
Blanketing the vapor space in a tank with an inert gas
– Limits the amount of oxygen present
– Slight positive pressure prevents inflow of contaminants
Blanketing Gas
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 14
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Solutions for Pressure & Oxygen Control
Tank Blanketing & Vapor Recovery Regulators
– Direct-Operated – pressure is applied directly to a loading element (spring & diaphragm)
– Pilot-Operated – uses a “pilot” to amplify the pressure, and provide improved performance
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 15
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How Blanketing/Vapor Recovery Works
Blanketing Regulator –
senses decrease in tank
pressure
Vapor Recovery Regulator –
senses increase in tank pressure
Outlet pipe connected to tank
Regulator senses increase in pressure inside tank
– Opens based on set point to relieve gas vapors directly to atmosphere
– Vapors may also be captured and sent to environmental unit before discharge to atmosphere
– Closes once pressure is relieved
Blanketing gas supply connected to tank via inlet pipe
Regulator senses decrease in pressure inside tank
– Opens to let in more blanketing gas
– Closes once pressure has reached set point
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 16
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How Blanketing/Vapor Recovery Works
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 17
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Emergency Conditions
Emergencies can result from the failure of other tank systems, or from external sources such as fire or lightning
The risks associated with these can be reduced through:
– Large relief and vacuum vents designed create a rapid change in pressure when necessary
– Devices that allow gas to pass through, but stop flames in order to prevent a larger fire or explosion
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 18
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How Emergency Relief Vents Work
Pressure Relief
– When excessive pressure builds in the storage tank, the Emergency Relief Vent’s hinged cover begins to open
– It will open at the pre-determined set pressure, relieving excess pressure
– When the over pressure has dissipated, the cover will re-seat onto the base
Vacuum Relief
– When excessive vacuum builds in the storage tank, a spring / weight loaded pallet lifts
– This breaks the seal between the seat and pallet, allowing air to pass through a valve orifice to relieve vacuum buildup
– The vacuum valve reseats upon relief and remains sealed
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 19
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Solutions for Emergency Conditions
Emergency Relief Vents
– Pressure Relief with Vacuum
– Pressure Relief Only
Flame and Detonation Arrestors
– Deflagration
– Detonation
• Every tank should have Emergency Protection!
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 20
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Why??? To prevent this:
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 21
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Why??? To prevent this:
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 22
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Why??? To prevent this:
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 23
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Why??? To prevent this:
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How Do These Solutions Work Together?
The key is in the pressure control settings
Emergency venting/vacuum pressures are set outside the normal range of operation
High pressure and low pressure settings establish the tank blanketing or venting/vacuum pressure control range
Pressure drop of arrestor must be accounted for
For proper operation, none of these set points should overlap!
Overpressure Emergency Vent
High Pressure Pressure Relief (Depad)
Low Pressure Pad
Underpressure Emergency Vacuum
Tank Blanketing
System Control
Pressure Vacuum Relief Vent
Pressure Vacuum Relief Vent
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 25
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How Flame & Detonation Arrestors Work
Basic Principle
– Removing heat from the flame as it attempts to travel through narrow passages
– Using walls of metal or other heat-conductive material
Classic Applications
– Preventing fire in the atmosphere from entering a tank
– Preventing fire from a tank from igniting an explosive atmosphere
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 26
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How Flame & Detonation Arrestors Work
In-Line, Deflagration or Detonation Types
– Units installed in pipes to prevent flames from passing
– Deflagration means “rapid burning”
– Detonation means “explosion”
Systems Collecting Gases (Vapor Control)
– Vented to atmosphere or controlled via vapor control system
– If ignition occurs, there is potential for catastrophic damage
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 27
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How Flame & Detonation Arrestors Work
In-line flame arrestors sometimes used in end-of-line
– An in-line unit may be mounted below a tank vent valve
– The valve reduces emissions and product loss, while the flame arrestor protects the tank from flames in the atmosphere during venting of flammable gases
Flame Propagation
– Differences between various types of flame arrestors based on nature of the flame which is expected (how fast it moves)
– Also based on the intensity of pressure pulse created
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 28
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Why??? To prevent this:
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 29
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Why??? To prevent this:
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 30
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Test without arrestor
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 31
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Test with arrestor
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AGENDA
EMERSON as a Full Tank Solution Provider
Storage Tanks: Protection and Vapor Pressure Control
Standards & New Regulations
EMERSON Product Portfolio Overview
Regulator Solutions to Tank Management
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 33
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Sizing standards driving higher flow
Newer guidelines can
increase thermal
inbreathing capacity by
20%~50%
– ISO28300 (Venting of
Atmospheric and Low
Pressure Storage Tanks)
issued in 2008
– API 2000 6th edition
updated in 2009, adopting
ISO28300
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 34
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Old standards - pumping and temperature
Content is pumped in Content is pumped out
Vapor Space heats and expands Vapor Space cools and contracts
ISO 28300 prior to 2008 and API 5th edition
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 35
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New standards include additional factors ISO 28300 2008 and API 6th edition (2009)
Content is pumped in Content is pumped out
Vapor Space heats and expands Vapor Space cools and contracts
NEW - Latitude, average storage temperature, vapor pressure, and insulation
Changes flow requirements – may increase or decrease
– Example: Tank without insulation, close to equator, high vapor pressure Higher flow required
• Vapor Pressure
• Average Storage Temp
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 36
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AGENDA
EMERSON as a Full Tank Solution Provider
Storage Tanks: Protection and Vapor Pressure Control
Standards & New Regulations
EMERSON Product Portfolio Overview
Regulator Solutions to Tank Management
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 37
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Part of the Industrial product line Steam
95 92B 92C 92S SR5 High Temperatures & Hardened
SST Trim
Sanitary
SR5/SR8
Stainless Steel, Tri- Clamp Connections & Self Draining
Liquid
MR105 LR125 92W 627W 75A
Corrosion Resistant
Multi-Purpose
95 / 98 63EG-98HM MR105/MR108
Durable, Robust & Versatile
Tank Blanketing / Safety
T205 T205B T208
Y692/3 ACE95/Sr 1190/1290
Detonation Emergency Press. Vaccuum
Arrestors Relief Vents Relief Valves
High Accuracy & Low Set Points
Fuel Gases
133 CS800 HSR 1098-EGR
Shutoff Levers & Large Orifices
Process
95 1098-EGR Y692 1301
Special Body & Trim Constructions
Air
67C 67D 1301 167D
Accurate Control
w/ Tight Shutoff
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 38
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Overview of PAD Regulators
ACE95 ACE95JR ACE95SR
TYPE T205 TYPE 1190 TYPE Y692
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 39
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Overview of DEPAD Regulators
TYPE T208
TYPE1290 TYPE 66R
TYPE Y696
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 40
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Spring Loaded In-Line Vent Vent
Pallet Loaded EPRV Spring Loaded
Relief and Venting Products Dead Weight
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 41
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Flame and Detonation Arrestors
Free Vent-End of Line
In-Line Deflagration
Detonation
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 42
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AGENDA
EMERSON as a Full Tank Solution Provider
Storage Tanks: Protection and Vapor Pressure Control
Standards & New Regulations
EMERSON Product Portfolio Overview
Regulator Solutions to Tank Management
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 43
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Maximum Flexibility of Installation
S.A.M
Single Array Manifold
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 44
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Maximum Flexibility of Installation
$3M
Air
Internal and External sensing options
Customer Pain: Some customers
are in need of maximum sensing
accuracy, while others are
concerned more with installation
time and cost. Sometimes this
tradeoff may not be apparent until
the regulator has already been
installed. The customer may be
faced with the expense of
changing to a new regulator.
Solution: The T205 and T208
models are field changeable to
T205M and T208M models, and
vice versa. This means they can
be changed from Internal to
External sensing, or from External
to Internal sensing.
Internal
External
New parts required: machine
screws, pipe plug, pitot tube
New parts required: machine
screws, stem seal o-ring,
throat seal o-ring
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 45
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FEP Diaphragm
$3M
Air
Fluorinated ethylene propylene
Sometimes referred to as Teflon (DuPont trade name)
Provides chemical and thermal resistance to
withstand aggressive environments
Translucent film
Customer Pain: Harsh
chemicals contained in tanks
require expensive specialty
elastomers, or a purge meter, to
withstand chemical fumes.
Solution: The cost-effective
FEP diaphragm provides both
chemical and thermal resistance
in tough, corrosive environments
without increasing cost.
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 46
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Accessories & Others
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 47
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Loading terminals
$8.8M
Specialty
Gas $7.2M
Steam
$3M
Air
PROBLEM: Lack of regulator
capacity requires larger and
more expensive regulator &
piping selection. Less flow is
also more time to load or unload
a tank
Customer Advantage: Smaller
regulators & piping can be
utilized and time saving in
loading/unloading cycle
SOLUTION: Large flow area
combined with sensitive springs,
large diaphragm area, and
quick-open cage result in best in
class flow performance .000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
180.000
.000 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 O
utl
et
pre
ssu
re,
ps
ig
Flow, gpm (water)
Liquid Flow Regulation Test P1 =250 psig, P2 = 100 psig
1" … 1" …
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 48
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PPS Advanced Composite Pallet & Seat Patented Saber Guide System
Provides a Non-Freeze
Anti-Stick Seating Surface
• The Only Dual Guided Pallet System
• Available in Tank Venting Equipment
• Minimizes Vent Flutter and Provides reliable and
Consistent Vent Operation
• Consistent Reseating for Improved Seal Memory
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 49
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• Exceeds the industry requirement of 1 scfh @ 90% Set Pressure -
Per Vent
• Reduces Fugitive Emissions
• Saves €€€ by Lowering Nitrogen or Blanket Gas Consumption
• Saves €€€ by Reducing Product Loss Through Evaporation
Safety Valves’s Tightest Seal
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 50
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Low Setpoint Technology
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 51
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Arresters for unstable/overdriven detonation
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 52
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Combination of Vent Valve + Flame Arrestor
Provides flame
protection and
Pressure-
Vacuum Relief
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 53
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…but how can control exist without monitoring?
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 54
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CHALLENGE
Monitor the performance of the PAD regulator to determine whether it is working properly or if a maintenance service is required.
SOLUTION
Fisher 1190 regulator with 4320 installed.
RESULTS
Tight control of Nitrogen Tank Blanketing Pressure
Diagnosis of regulator’s performance by cross-checking tank pressure and regulator position.
Tank leak: regulator opens a bit (when supposed to be closed and tank pressure increases.
Regulator leak: regulator opens, even a low %.
Application
Tank Blanketing
Product
FISHER 1190 PAD
Regulator
Topworx 4320 Wireless
Position Transmitter
Monitor PAD Regulator’s Performance
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 55
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CHALLENGE
Trace and compare Nitrogen costs by monitoring the pressure relief performance on tanks. Comply with EU environmental legislation and increase personnel safety by preventing nitrogen vapours from escaping to the atmosphere.
SOLUTION
Fisher 1290 regulators with 4320 installed.
RESULTS
Tight control of Nitrogen Tank Blanketing Pressure
Diagnosis of nitrogen leakage, by cross-checking tank pressure and regulator position:
Tank leak: regulator is closed, but pressure decreases
Safety valve malfunction: frequent opening and closing of the regulator
Regulator leak: regulator stays open.
Application
Tank Blanketing
Product
FISHER 1290 Vapor
Recovery Regulator
Topworx 4320 Wireless
Position Transmitter
Trace Nitrogen leakages on DEPAD Regulators
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 56
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!
Position Monitoring
Solution
Safety Relief Valves
Pressure Relief Valves
$
Wireless Management
Benefits: Measure % of stem
travel and provide
feedback
accuracy to 0.4% of
span
Can be used on vapor
or Liquid services
Reduce wiring and I/O
points to control room
No I.S. barriers needed
Trending and Reporting
Consideration: Modifications or retrofit
in field
Installation cost
Re-calibrating the
SRV/PRV
Process Safety Management
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 57
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Self-acting opening reported to your control room
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 58
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!
Acoustic Solution
Safety Relief Valves
Pressure Relief Valves
$
Wireless Management
Benefits: Easy to install in field
No tampering with
calibration settings or
housing
Primary measurement
acoustic sound
Secondary measurement
temperature
Can be used on vapor or
Liquid services
Reduce wiring and I/O
points to control room
No I.S. barriers needed
Trending and Reporting
Consideration: Current pipes and vessel
acoustic
Process Safety Management
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 59
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In Summary…
Safety
Product Quality/Quantity
Environment
Storage tanks require protection
Tank vapor space pressure must be managed
Oxygen in the vapor space may also require control
Protection from emergency conditions is always necessary
Emerson’s solutions provide total tank protection and full control.
[File Name or Event] Emerson Confidential 27-Jun-01, Slide 60
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Questions?
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