emergency response to hazardous materials incidents
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04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20031
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04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20032
EMERGENCY RESPONSEEMERGENCY RESPONSETOTO
HAZARDOUS MATERIALSHAZARDOUS MATERIALSINCIDENTSINCIDENTS
AWARENESS
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20033
WHAT IS ‘AWARENESS’WHAT IS ‘AWARENESS’It’s About SafetyIt’s About Safety Basic Definitions Regulations and Standards ICS* Terminology Hazard and Risk Assessment Site Control SOG’s* SARA and ERP* Personal Protective Equipment
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20034
WHY IS THIS A BIG DEAL?WHY IS THIS A BIG DEAL?We don’t do it all the time – so we need
the practiceMany unpredictable elements = room for
errorNFPA and OSHA agree that it’s a big deal
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20035
THE ROLE OF THE FIRE THE ROLE OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT AT A DEPARTMENT AT A HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTINCIDENTIT’S THE SAME AS ANY OTHER CALL:Show up and do the best we can to save lives
and protect property while ensuring that we all go home safe and sound afterward.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20036
DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS
FIRST RESPONDER-AWARENESS LEVEL
Responds to the Emergency Recognizes the release as hazardous Calls for Appropriate Resources Assists with Intervention as Training
Dictates
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20037
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGENCY
An occurrence that results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance (OSHA 1910.120)
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20038
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (EPA)A material which, due to its concentration,
quantity, or chemical or physical properties, may cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality, to an increase in serious, irreversible illness, or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 20039
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (Clear Creek)Animal, vegetable, mineral, or chemical
that could explode, catch fire, get on you and make you sick, or get on a fish or boreal toad and make him sick.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200310
HOW DO WE BECOME HOW DO WE BECOME “AWARE”“AWARE”To become aware, one must educate ones-
self on:
Identifying the substance Keeping the substance at bay Keeping the substance off of ones-self
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200311
HOW DO WE IDENTIFY THE HOW DO WE IDENTIFY THE ‘SUBSTANCE’?‘SUBSTANCE’?MANY BRILLIANT CHEMISTS,
TOXICOLOGISTS, FIRE CHIEFS, AND TRUCK DRIVERS HAVE WORKED DILLIGENTLY FOR YEARS TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION
AND THEY STILL DON’T AGREE
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200312
TWO MAIN I.D. METHODSTWO MAIN I.D. METHODSNFPA 704
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200313
NFPA 704 (the DIAMOND)NFPA 704 (the DIAMOND)HEALTH HAZARD (BLUE)FIRE HAZARD (RED)REACTIVITY (YELLOW)SPECIFIC HAZARD
Used on fixed facilitiesEach Hazard gets a rating of 0 thru 44 is bad, 0 is good
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200314
DOT System DOT System (the ORANGE book)(the ORANGE book)Transportation Based System (it’s the one you see on trucks) The PLACARD is the key Look for the PLACARD on the truck, then look
for the NUMBER on the placard. If you find the NUMBER, look up the NUMBER
on the YELLOW PAGES. The YELLOW PAGES tell you What the
material is and Which GUIDE NO. to find in the ORANGE PAGES.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200315
DOT GUIDEBOOKDOT GUIDEBOOK
If we can’t find the NUMBER, try looking for the NAME of the material on the shipping papers.
If you find the NAME, look it up in the BLUE PAGES.
The BLUE PAGES tell you Which Guide No. to look up in the ORANGE PAGES.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200316
DOT GUIDEBOOKDOT GUIDEBOOK
The ORANGE PAGES Potential Hazards Safety Precautions Emergency Response
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200317
No Name or #? No Problem!No Name or #? No Problem!
We can still use the ORANGE BOOK
Turn to GUIDE 111 in the ORANGE PAGES
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200318
No Name or #? No Problem!No Name or #? No Problem!What does the truck look like?
MC312
MC331
MC312 MC306
MC307
MC306
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200319
THE HAZARDS OF HAZMATTHE HAZARDS OF HAZMAT
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
INHALATION (Breath it in) ABSORPTION (Get it on ya’) INGESTION (You eat it)
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200320
HAZARDS OF HAZMATHAZARDS OF HAZMAT
YOU MAY ASK: What Happens if I Eat It, Breath It, or Get It On Me?
The answer is: THAT DEPENDS
It depends on What, Who, Where, and How Much!
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200321
HAZARDS OF HAZMATHAZARDS OF HAZMATUltimately ingestion, absorption, or
inhalation of a hazardous material can affect your body at the cellular level (you know, the ‘cell’, as in the basic element of life)
It may be skin cells, blood cells, or the cells in your kidneys.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200322
HAZARDS OF HAZMATHAZARDS OF HAZMAT
The key to minimizing the effects of hazardous material exposure is to avoid exposure in the first place.
We do that by: Assessing our risks and hazards Controlling the scene Wearing proper protective equipment
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200323
HAZARD AND RISK HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT-’D.E.C.I.D.E.ASSESSMENT-’D.E.C.I.D.E.DETECT the presence of hazardous mat.ESTIMATE the likely harm w/o interventionCHOOSE the appropriate response objectiveIDENTIFY optionsDO the best optionEVALUATE and re-evaluate progress
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200324
HAZARD AND RISK HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT – Things to ASSESSMENT – Things to ConsiderConsiderWhere is the spill?Where is the spill headed?What is the material?What are the hazards to responders?
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200325
SITE CONTROLSITE CONTROL
OBJECTIVESo Minimize chaos (and there will be chaos)o Provide direction and efficiencyo Provide for accountabilityo Prevent harmo Prevent/minimize contamination
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200326
SITE CONTROLSITE CONTROL
START OUT WITH A BIG PERIMETER – YOU CAN ALWAYS MAKE IT SMALLER LATER
SET UP YOUR ZONES EARLY(WHAT’S A ZONE?)
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200327
SITE CONTROLSITE CONTROL
YOU KNOW – ZONES!!!
COLD ZONE (OR GREEN ZONE) WARM ZONE (OR YELLOW ZONE) HOT ZONE (OR RED ZONE)
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200328
SITE CONTROLSITE CONTROL
COLD ZONE (the place you should want to be) – no hazards
WARM ZONE (the place nobody wants to be) – for contamination reduction
HOT ZONE (where the action is) – highest level of PPE required
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200329
SITE CONTROLSITE CONTROL
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200330
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (A.K.A. PPE)EQUIPMENT (A.K.A. PPE)So we don’t want to get it on us, eat it, or
breath it – how do we “tame the beast”?
We wear Personal Protective Equipment Skin protection Respiratory protection
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200331
PPEPPE
SKIN PROTECTION
Boots (turn-outs, Tyvek overshoes, chemical resistant boots)
Gloves (Fire, Latex, Nitrile, Butyl) Clothing (turn-out gear, Tyvek, Saranex,
or the Big Dog Level A suit)
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200332
PPEPPE
Respiratory Protection – 3 types None (this is bad) Air purifying respirator (APR) Supplied Air (SCBA)
In Clear Creek, we keep it simple: it’s SCBA or NOTHING
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200333
PPEPPE
ENSEMBLES (makes you think of Lt. Timmens, don’t it?)
Level D – The clothes you wore to class plus steel toed boots and a hard hat
Modified Level D – Your turn-out gear
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200334
PPEPPE
ENSEMBLES CONTINUED LEVEL C – a Tyvek suit or turn-out gear with an
APR (but we don’t have APRs, so…
Modified LEVEL C – same as above with SCBA
If you need respiratory protection, use an SCBA.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200335
PPEPPE
MORE ENSEMBLES LEVEL B – Heavy duty non-encapsulating
suit (like Saranex) plus SCBA
LEVEL A – Fully encapsulating suit plus SCBA and a whole lot of Gatorade
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200336
PPEPPE
WHEN DO WE USE WHAT ENSEMBLE?Listen to someone who knows.Use your reference materials (the little
ORANGE book).ERR on the side of caution
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200337
PUT IT ALL TOGETHERPUT IT ALL TOGETHER Respond to the call – think ahead about staging,
resources, hazards. Size-up the scene. Give a good report. Isolate the area Identify hazards Develop a plan Initiate the plan using safe procedures and the
right equipment DON’T DRIVE THRU, WALK THRU OR
PARK IN THE PRODUCT!
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200338
STANDARD OPERATING STANDARD OPERATING GUIDELINESGUIDELINES Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs)
exist for two purposes:1) To Provide general information on
department policies to personnel; and2) To Provide basic guidance to department
personnel regarding specific types of fire department operations.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200339
S.O.G.S.O.G.
Standard Operating Guidelines are not intended to address every situation. They are meant to be GUIDEANCE – to be adaptable to a variety of situations and circumstances.
They are another ‘tool in the toolbox’
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200340
S.O.G. NO. 11OS.O.G. NO. 11OHAZMAT RESPONSEHAZMAT RESPONSEHIGHLIGHTS Every incident presents the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials and the products of combustion of an ordinary fire may present severe hazards to personnel safety.
Adequate situation evaluation is critical. If the wrong decision is made, personnel can easily become part of the problem instead of part of the solution.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200341
S.O.G. NO. 110 cont.S.O.G. NO. 110 cont.
The first arriving unit will establish Command and begin a size-up.
The first unit must consciously avoid committing itself to a dangerous situation.
Establish staging for other responding units. At all incidents involving hazardous
materials, a Safety Sector will be established.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200342
S.O.G. NO. 111S.O.G. NO. 111NATURAL GAS INCIDENTSNATURAL GAS INCIDENTSHIGHLIGHTS Natural gas is lighter than air and will dissipate rapidly
outside. Inside buildings it tends to pocket, particularly in attics
and dead air spaces. The flammable limits are approximately 3% to 15% in
air. Natural gas itself is non-toxic. It does, however,
displace oxygen and can result in asphyxiation if in a confined space.
Flammable gas ranges and oxygen contents can only be determined by a combustible gas instrument.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200343
NATURAL GAS INCIDENTSNATURAL GAS INCIDENTS
Burning natural gas should not normally be extinguished
Fires should be controlled by stopping the flow.
All personnel working in the vicinity of a known or suspected gas leak shall wear full protective clothing.
A safety perimeter shall be established and maintained around any suspected gas leak.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200344
S.O.G. NO. 112S.O.G. NO. 112FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INCIDENTSINCIDENTS
HIGHLIGHTS Flammable liquids present particular
problems for fire protection, health, safety, and environmental protection.
The principle agent for flammable liquid firefighting is AFFF/ATC (Aqueous Film Forming Foam/Alcohol Type Concentrate). Initial attack on any flammable liquid fire should be made with AFFF/ATC.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200345
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INCIDENTSFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INCIDENTS
Continuous monitoring with combustible gas meters is necessary to verify that vapors are being suppressed.
Keep the number of personnel that are working in the spill area to a minimum.
All personnel working around spills must wear full protective clothing (turnouts, SCBA) to afford protection in cases of ignition.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200346
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INCIDENTSFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INCIDENTS
Vapor areas can only be detected by the use of combustible gas indicators carried by Stations 2 and 4.
Cover spills immediately with AFFF/ATC to "seal" vapors.
Control ignition sources in the area of the spill.
Do not permit the flammable liquid to run-off into storm drains, sewers, or drainage systems.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200347
S.O.G. NO. 113S.O.G. NO. 113CARBON MONOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENTSINCIDENTSHIGHLIGHTS It is the policy of the Clear Creek Fire
Authority that all personnel shall utilize self-contained breathing apparatus in atmospheres containing 35 parts per million or greater of carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide may be present for several different reasons: As a by-product of combustion, an emission from internal combustion engines, a chemical reaction, or a leak from an industrial process.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200348
CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENTSCARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENTSCarbon monoxide has approximately
the same vapor density (weight) as air. When monitoring for CO, instruments do not have to be placed near the floor or ceiling for accurate readings.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200349
CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENTSCARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENTS An atmospheric concentration of CO that is
below the TLV (50 ppm) does not always indicate an adequate level of oxygen. An atmosphere containing less that 19.5% oxygen requires the use of SCBA.
An atmospheric concentration of CO that is below the TLV does not always indicate that other toxic gases or products of combustion (particulate matter) are not present.
An atmospheric concentration of CO that is below the TLV with the presence of visible smoke particles still requires respiratory protection.
Positive pressure ventilation will reduce the CO content as well as other gases.
04/22/23CCFA HazMat Awareness 200350
IS HE DONE YET? (almost)IS HE DONE YET? (almost)
A HAZMAT call is just like any other. Just like a structure fire or an MVA on icy roads, our goal is to size up the scene, take care of business, and arrive back at the station in one piece.
With HAZMAT, remember that it’s easier to evacuate an entire city than explain to your partners kid why Daddy won’t be coming home for dinner.
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