emergency medical response hazardous materials emergencies
Post on 25-Dec-2015
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Emergency Medical Response
You Are the Emergency Medical Responder
You are the first emergency medical responder (EMR) to arrive at the scene of a freight train derailment. According to the train’s placards and signage, several of the cars are carrying liquefied chlorine gas, at least two cars are leaking
Lesson 44: Hazardous Materials Emergencies
and there is a yellowish cloud hanging low over the area. The winds are light, about 5 to 10 miles per hour (mph) and are coming from the northeast.
“How would you respond?”“What would you do?”
Emergency Medical Response
Opening Scenario
• Identify the substance, is it hazardous?• Follow incident plan
– Ensure scene safety– Personal protective equipment
EMR’s must quickly be able to identify situations involving chemicals or to other hazardous material
Emergency Medical Response
HAZMAT Any chemical substance or material that
can pose a threat or risk to life, health, safety and property if not properly handled or contained
Federal law requires that placards or signs be placed on vehicles that contain quantities of hazmat materials
Manufacturers, production and distribution are required to display the appropriate placards
Emergency Medical Response
Resources About Hazardous Materials The Emergency Response Guidebook The Chemical Transportation
Emergency Center (CHEMTREC) hotline 1-800-424-9300
CAMEO® online library of data Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) resources
“Why would use the guidebook what information does is provide?”
Emergency Medical Response
Hazardous Materials Incidents HZMAT incident is any situation that deals with the
release of a hazardous material Structured system is established to provide
guidance Indications of the presence of hz materials
Placards Spilled, splattered, smoking, burning or boiling
materials Unusual odors Vapor clouds Containers that are leaking (with possible frost
near the leak), in deteriorating condition or otherwise atypical
Your role as an EMR is initial identification
Emergency Medical Response
Three Safety Zones Radiation – if suspected, full turnout
gear/SCBA Hot zone
Exclusion zone Greatest amount of danger
Warm zone Contamination reduction zone Immediately outside hot zone
Cold zone Support zone Removal of all contaminated PPE and
equipment before entering
Emergency Medical Response
Scene Safety
Establish a clear perimeter between zones
Park uphill/upwind at safe distance
Secure bystanders/keep away from scene
Number of patients
Follow safety precautions to minimize exposure
Concentrate on life-threatening signs/symptoms
Emergency Medical Response
Contamination Exposure Routes
Topical through the skin
Respiratory inhaled
Gastrointestinal ingested
Parenteral intramuscular, intravenous or
subcutaneous)
Emergency Medical Response
Decontamination Methods• Gross
– Soap and copious amount of water– Address immediate life-threatening
situations• Dilution
– Reducing the concentration of contaminate
• Absorption– Using another material to
absorb/hold contaminate
Emergency Medical Response
Decontamination Methods
• Neutralization– Chemically altering a
contaminate rendering it harmless
• Isolation/disposal– Biohazard bags/containers
Emergency Medical Response
Activity
You are assisting at a HAZMAT incident involving an explosion in a chemical plant. Several of the employees were exposed when the chemicals sprayed into the air and onto themselves and their clothing. Hot, warm and cold zones have been set up.
“Which method of decontamination would be most appropriate to use?”
Emergency Medical Response
Activity Responses
• Gross decontamination of the individuals with soap and copious amounts of water when they enter the warm zone.
• Isolation/disposal would be used for any contaminated materials or equipment used
Emergency Medical Response
You Are the Emergency Medical Responder
Based on what you see, you recognize the
scene as a HAZMAT incident.
“What questions should you ask yourself immediately?”
“What initial actions should you take and why?”
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