emek elektrikendustrisi a.s. ankara, turkey

EMEK ELEKTRIK ENDUSTRISI A.S.Ankara, TURKEY

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS AND LABORATORY TESTING

2016

Orkun SevimChief Quality Engineer

orkun.sevim@emek.com.tr

MILESTONES

1969 Established to manufacture low and medium voltage oil filled instrument transformers.

Licence agreement with BALTEAU / Belgium HV ITsMV Epoxy type ITs

Production of the first 170kV CT forTurkish Electricity Authority (TEK).

1971

1973

1975 Establishment of research and test laboratory,

Capable of performing type and routine tests up to 525 KV (except short time current test of CT)

Meeting the requirements of internationally accepted standards

such as IEC, ANSI, BS, AS, IEEE etc.

LABORATORY

MILESTONES

Power frequency test set up to 750kVLightning impulse test set up to 3000kV , 112,5kJ.

MILESTONES

1975 Licence agreement with ICAR / Italy -HV CVTs-Coupling Capacitors-Grading Capacitors

1976 Production of the first 170kV CVT for The Turkish Electricity Authority (TEK).

1982 First export 145 kV current and voltage transformers to WAPDA, Pakistan

MILESTONES

1984 Production of the first 420kV CT & CVT for The Turkish Electricity Authority (TEK).

1985 Production of first 170kV Disconnecting Switch

MILESTONES

1994 EMEK was granted ISO 9001Quality Management System

EMEK’s shares (30%) were offered to the public through Istanbul Stock Exchange (EMKEL)

1998

MILESTONES

2006

2009 EMEK was granted GOST certificate applicable in Russia and former Soviet Union Countries

EMEK was granted ISO 14001Environment Management System

MILESTONES

2011 EMEK was granted IEC 17025Accreditation Laboratory by TÜRKAKTÜRKAK is a member of EA, ILAC

Accredidated to perform all type tests for:

- Current Transformers*

- Voltage Transformers

- Disconnecting Switches*

*Except short time current type test for DS & CT

MILESTONES

2012 EMEK established new brand , VAEST for polymeric and epoxy applications

VAEST products :

-Silicone Composite Insulators

-Load Break Switches Envelopes for MV panel manufacturers

-Load Break Switches for railway applications

-All kind of Epoxy Applications (supporting insulators etc.)

MILESTONES

2013 EMEK manufactured first 525kV CT’s and CVT’s for NEGK/Krygyzstan,Supplied through ALSTOM

2013 EMEK has been awarded with the certificate of OHSAS 18001:2007

Health and Safety Management System

MILESTONES

2014 EMEK has established USA Office.

MILESTONES

EMEK USA is located in S. Carolina

EMEK establised a new R&D Company,

in Middle East Technical University

Improvements in Instrument transformers,

Improvements in HV Disconnectors,

Silicon/composite products,

Smart Grid Systems

2014

MILESTONES

FACILITIES

Total land area is around 31,050 m2. This land is utilised as follows:

a) Total plant : 10,397m2

b) Production areas : 7,200m2

c) Interior and exterior warehouses : 1,492m2

d) Offices and social areas : 1,705m2

PRODUCT RANGE

Outdoor, Oil Filled Transformers

*Current Transformers ,

*Inductive Voltage Transformers and

*Capacitive Voltage Transformers

*HV Capacitors

Up to 525 KV

Polymer or porcelain (grey or brown) housing

Capacity: 7.500 units/year

Cast Epoxy Resin Current & Voltage Transformers

Indoor & Outdoor

up to 36 KV

Brown or Grey Color

Capacity: 25.000units/year

PRODUCT RANGE

PRODUCT RANGE

Disconnecting Switches

Centre-Break, Double rotating

Outdoor,

w or w/o ES

w or w/o motor

up to 245 KV

Capacity: 2.000 units/year

HUMAN RESOURCES

EMEK has highly-skilled workforce,

average working period of employees is 14 years.

No. Of Employees:

a) Management : 6

b) Engineering : 35

c) Administration : 7

d) Production : 163

Total : 211

EMEK products are supplied to 113 countries all around the world.

SALES LIST

END USER COUNTRIES

EUROPE

MV Dry

HV oil immersed and dry

HV oil immersed

Austria

Croatia

Denmark Estonia

France

Germany

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Kosova

Luxemburg

Malta

Moldova

Northern Cyprus

Norway

Portugal RomaniaSpain

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Turkmenistan

Greece

Russia

MV Dry

HV oil immersed and dry

HV oil immersed

Saudi Arabia

Jordan

IraqIran

Syria

Yemen

Oman

U.A.E

Lebanon

Israel

Palestine

Qatar

END USER COUNTRIES

MIDDLE EAST

MV Dry

HV oil immersed and dry

HV oil immersed

Philippines

Malaysia

ThailandPakistan

Indonesia

Vietnam

Combodia

Sri Lanka

Bangladesh

TaiwanNepal

Singapore

Korea

Japan

MyanmarHong Kong

India

Krygyzstan

Laos

Mongolia

Nepal

Tajikistan

END USER COUNTRIES

ASIA

MV Dry

HV oil immersed and dry

HV oil immersed

Australia

New Zealand

Fiji

END USER COUNTRIES

AUSTRALIA

Guam

MV Dry

HV oil immersed and dry

HV oil immersed

Angola

EgyptLibya

Uganda

NigeriaKenya

Tunisia

Ghana

Tanzania

Mozambique

Zambia

Zimbabwe

EthiopiaMali

Morocco

South Africa

END USER COUNTRIES

AFRICA

MV Dry

HV oil immersed and dry

HV oil immersed

Trinidad & Tobago

Brazil

Chile

Peru

Colombia

Barbados

Panama

Ecuador

Venezuela

END USER COUNTRIES

SOUTH AMERICA

Mexico

Cuba

MV Dry

HV oil immersed and dry

HV oil immersed

Dominican Republic

Canada

USA

END USER COUNTRIES

NORTH AMERICA & CARIBBEANS

MAIN CUSTOMERS

since 1988 , 12,383 units

since 1990 , 5,856 units

since 1990 , 2,581 units

Also , registered supplier for and

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

What is an Instrument Transformer?

A circuit element that transforms and insulates

voltage or current from higher levels with a

high accuracy.

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Why do we need Instrument

Transformers?

• For metering purposes

• For protection purposes

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Traditional Types of Instrument Transformers

• Current Transformers

• Voltage Transformers

• Inductive Voltage Transformers

• Capacitive Voltage Transformers

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

Inductive Capacitive

EMEK TEST LABORATORY

Which Equipments Do We Need To

Perform Tests on Instrument

Transformers?

- Temperature Loggers

- Impulse Generator

- High Voltage Generators

- Artificial Rain Equipments

- RIV Measurement Systems

- Accuracy Measurement Systems

(Bridge, Current/Voltage Sources,

Standard Transformers, Standard

Burdens)

EMEK TEST LABORATORY

Which Equipments Do We Need To

Perform Tests on Instrument

Transformers? (continued)

- PD Measurement Systems

- Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation

Factor Measurement Systems (Bridges,

Standard Capacitors)

- Oscilloscopes

- Mechanical Testing Set-ups

- Voltmeters, Ampermeters, Ohmmeters

- Frequency converters

- Climatic Chambers

IEC 61869 Series Standards

IEC 61869-1 - Instrument transformers – Part 1: General Requirements

- Current version is Edition 1.0 2007-10

- First and main standard of relevant product family. All of the standards of this

family is prepared by TC 38 of IEC.

- Scope: newly manufactured instrument transformers with analogue or digital

output for use with electrical measuring instruments or electrical protective

devices having rated frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz.

- IEC 60044 series standards are withdrawn and replaced with IEC 61869 series.

- Specific product standards shall be read together with this standard.

- Edition 2 is in progress. Forecast of publication date: 30.06.2018

IEC 61869 Series Standards

Family

IEC 61869 Series Standards

We will focus on the tests that are stated by below standards:

- IEC 61869-1 - Instrument transformers – Part 1: General Requirements

- IEC 61869-2 - Instrument transformers – Part 2: Additional requirements for

current transformers

- IEC 61869-3 - Instrument transformers – Part 3: Additional requirements for

inductive voltage transformers

- IEC 61869-5 - Instrument transformers – Part 5: Additional requirements for

capacitor voltage transformers

Classification Of Tests

Tests Are Classified In 4 Groups

1- Type Tests: Tests made on equipment to demonstrate that all equipment made

to the same specification complies with the requirements not covered by routine

tests.

2- Routine Tests: Tests to which each individual piece of equipment is subjected.

Routine tests are for the purpose of revealing manufacturing defects.

3- Special Tests: Tests other than a type test or a routine test, agreed on by

manufacturer and purchaser.

4- Sample Tests: A selected type or special test performed on one or more

complete instrument transformers out of a specified production batch.

Type Tests

Type Tests

1. Temperature-rise test

2. Impulse voltage test on primary terminals

2.1. Lightning impulse voltage test on primary terminals

2.2. Switching impulse voltage test

3. Wet test for outdoor type transformers

4. RIV test

5. Test for accuracy

6. Short-time current tests (Only for CTs)

7. Short-circuit withstand capability test (Only for IVTs and CVTs)

8. Capacitance and tanδ measurement at power freq. (Only for CVTs)

9. Ferro-resonance test (Only for CVTs)

10. Transient response test (Only for protective CVTs)

Type Tests

Temperature-rise test

� Performed to verify the temperature rise of windings, magnetic circuits and any

other part of the instrument transformer.

� Performed by applying rated continuous thermal voltage/current

� Test goes on until thermal stable condition of transformer

Type Tests

Impulse voltage test on primary

terminals - Lightning impulse voltage test

on primary terminals

� Performed to verify withstand capability of

the instrument transformers to lightning

impulses

� Performed by application of 15 (+) polarity,

15 (-) polarity lightning imp. for Um<300kV,

3 (+) polarity, 3 (-) polarity lightning imp.

for Um≥300kV at rated lightning impulse

withstand level (Waveform: 1,2/50µsec)

� No permanent damage should be seen for

both internal and external insulation

Type TestsImpulse voltage test on primary terminals - Lightning

impulse voltage test on primary terminals

Type Tests

Impulse voltage test on primary terminals - Switching impulse voltage

test

� Performed to verify withstand capabilites of instrument transformers to switching

impulses. Test is effective especially for outer insulation. Applicable only for

Um≥300kV

� Performed by application of 15 (+) polarity switching imp. at rated switching

impulse withstand level (Waveform: 250/2500µsec)

� No permanent damage shall be seen.

Type Tests

Impulse voltage test on primary terminals - Switching

impulse voltage test

Type Tests

Wet test for outdoor type transformers

� Performed to verify outer insulation under wet conditions

� Test performed under artificial rain which is defined by IEC 60060-1

� Performed by application of power frequency voltage for Um<300kV or

application of switching impulse for Um≥300kV

� No breakdown is permitted for power frequency voltage

Type Tests

RIV test

� Performed to measure Radio Interference Voltage created by instrument

transformer

� Test voltage is applied to the object and RIV measured with the help of a

detector in a calibrated circuit

� Measured RIV shall be in conformance with declared value

Type Tests

Test for accuracy

� Performed for verifying accuracy of instrument transformer

� Performed by applying voltage and current in various points of operation range

and measuring ratio error and phase displacement from transformed secondary

voltage/current.

� Instrument transformer’s errors shall be inside the limits of declared accuracy

class

Type Tests

Short-time current tests (Only for CTs)

� Performed to verify withstand capability to the rated short time current

� Performed by applying a virtual fault current which is equal to rated short time

current

� No damage shall be seen

Short-circuit withstand capability test (Only for IVTs and CVTs)

� Performed to verify withstand capability to the short circuit

� Performed by short circuiting the secondary for 1 second while the rated voltage

is applied

� No damage shall be seen

Capacitance and tanδ measurement at power freq. (Only for CVTs)

� Performed to measure capacitance and dissipation factor

� Performed to check the capacitance of the transformers before and after

dielectric type tests

� Measurement result shall be within the tolerances and no change shall be seen

after dielectric type tests

Type Tests

Ferro-resonance test (Only for CVTs)

� Performed to verify the prevention of ferro-resonance

� Performed by short circuiting the secondary for a limited time

� CVT shall stabilise its secondary voltage within the defined duration.

Type Tests

Primary Voltage

Secondary Voltage

Type Tests

Transient response test (Only for protective CVTs)

� Performed for verifying fidelity of secondary voltage to primary voltage under transient conditions

� Performed by abruptly short circuiting the primary voltage several times in different voltage levels

� CVT shall satisfy the limits of standard according to declared transient response class

Routine Tests

Routine Tests

1. Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals

2. Partial discharge measurement

3. Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections

4. Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals

5. Test for accuracy

6. Verification of markings

7. Inter-turn overvoltage test (Only for CTs)

8. Ferro-resonance check (Only for CVTs)

Routine Tests

Power-frequency voltage

withstand tests on primary

terminals

� Performed to verify the insulation

between primary and

secondary/earth.

� Performed by applying rated power

frequency withstand voltage for 1

minute.

� No breakdown shall be seen.

Partial discharge measurement

� Performed to measure partial discharge (PD) of instrument transformer.

� Performed by measuring PD created by instrument transformer by the help

of a PD detector.

� Instrument transformer shall satisfy the limits of standard.

Routine Tests

Routine Tests

Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections

� Performed to verify insulation between sections.

� Performed by applying 3kV test voltage between sections for 1 minute.

� No breakdown shall be seen

Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals

� Performed to verify insulation between secondaries and earth.

� Performed by applying 3kV test voltage between secondaries and earth for 1

minute.

� No breakdown shall be seen

Routine Tests

Test for accuracy

� Same as the type tests, except test may be performed with a reduced

number of points

Verification of markings

� Performed for verifying the markings of the transformer. (including rating

plate)

Ferro-resonance check

� Same as the type tests, except test may be performed with a reduced

number of points

Routine Tests

Inter-turn overvoltage test (Only for CTs)

� Performed to verify the insulation between the turns of transformer.

� Performed by applying extended rated current from secondary or primary

while the other windings are open.

� No breakdown shall be seen.

Special Tests

Special Tests

1. Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals

2. Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals (Only for CTs and IVTs)

3. Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor (Only for CTs and

IVTs)

4. Transmitted overvoltage test

5. Mechanical tests

6. Internal arc fault test

Special Tests

Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on

primary terminals

� Performed for verifying the chopped impulse

withstand capability

� Performed by applying 2 chopped impulses at

115% of rated lightning impulse withstand

level (combined with LI test)

� No damage shall be seen

Special Tests

Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on

primary terminals

Special Tests

Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals (Only for CTs and

IVTs)

� Performed to verify withstand capability to multiple chopped impulses.

� Performed by 600 chopped impulses at the 70% of rated lightning impulse

withstand voltage

� Transformer shall pass DGA test, capacitance and dissipation factor measurement

and partial discharge measurement

Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor (Only for

CTs and IVTs)

� Performed to measure the capacitance and dissipation factor

� Test is only informative at the moment

Special Tests

Transmitted overvoltage test

� Performed to measure transmitted overvoltage from primary to secondary.

� Performed by application of impulse voltage.

� Transmitted overvoltage shall not exceed 1,6kVpeak.

Mechanical tests

� Performed to verify the withstand capability of primary terminals to static

mechanical loads.

� Performed by application of mechanical loads in several directions.

� No damage shall be seen.

Special Tests

Internal arc fault test (Only for CTs and

IVTs)

� Performed for observing behaviour of

instrument transformer when internal arc

happens

� Performed by creating a virtual internal arc

between primary and secondary windings

� Transformer shall satisfy the conditions of

relevant protection class

Recommended Site Tests

1. Ratio Check

An insensitive ratio check may be performed at site. (Especially when taking into

service.) It is important to remember accuracy of the transformer is only guaranteed

at the points that are defined by standard.

2. Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Measurement

Capacitance and dissipation factor change during the life time of transformer shall

be under review. Periodical measurements are recommended. It is important to

remember ambient conditions are highly effective on this measurement. GST Guard

testing method is recommended for elimating these effects.

3. Insulation Resistance Measurement

Insulation resistance measurements may be performed on primary and secondary

windings. Important point is dust or humidity may affect the results. This shall be

taken into consideration.

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?