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Product Dossier
ELIPAR TRILIGHT
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 1
Contents
1. Preface.................................................................................... 1
2. Introduction............................................................................ 2
2.1. History ................................................................................ 22.2. Motivation........................................................................... 32.3. Indications.......................................................................... 4
3. Technical Background........................................................ 5
3.1. Curing Principle .................................................................. 63.2. Calibration Function............................................................ 73.3. Physical Parameters .......................................................... 8
4. Equipment Concept.............................................................. 9
4.1. Assemblies ........................................................................ 94.2. Safety Functions.............................................................. 10
5. Test Results ......................................................................... 11
5.1. Internal Measurements.................................................... 115.2. External Measurements at Universities.......................... 125.2.1. Polymerisation Stresses................................................. 125.2.2. Marginal Behaviour.......................................................... 15
6. Instructions for Use............................................................ 17
6.1. Selection of Mode ........................................................... 176.2. Selection of Curing Time ................................................ 176.3. Basic Settings.................................................................. 18
7. Summary .............................................................................. 19
8. Bibliography ........................................................................ 20
8.1. Literature relating to ELIPAR TRILIGHT ....................... 208.2. General Literature............................................................ 20
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 1
1. Preface
ELIPAR TRILIGHT is a technologically leading high-performance light
polymerisation unit for dental materials which are polymerised under visible blue
light in the mouth. It represents a successful progression of the ELIPAR series
and rounds off the ELIPAR HIGHLIGHT line already available.
The number of light-curing restorative materials and luting cements is constantly
increasing for everyday usage within the dental surgery. The development of
light polymerisation units has likewise made significant progress in recent years
and has thus helped contribute towards an improvement in restoration quality.
Dentists are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of soft-start
polymerisation which was first made possible with the ELIPAR HIGHLIGHT.
Soft-start polymerisation reduces the stresses produced in the restorative
material during polymerisation and thus has a positive effect on marginal
behaviour.
Another aspect, also coming under greater discussion in the scientific sector, is
the uniformity of the light intensity, firstly during the service life of a lamp, but also
from one lamp to another following a change in lamps. The practitioner is only
guaranteed optimum restoration quality if he can rely on such uniformity.
These two aspects – development of stress reduced curing and uniformity of
light intensity – have been the focus points for the development of ELIPAR
TRILIGHT.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 2
ELIPAR TRILIGHT is thus the newest high-performance light polymerisation unit
to offer a light intensity increasing at an exponential rate and a calibration option
providing uniform light intensity at all times, even after changing lamps.
2. Introduction
2.1. History
The long-term clinical success of composite restorations (compomers are
treated here and below as a subgroup of composites) depends not only on the
optimum material properties of the restorative material and the use of a suitable
dentine adhesive system, but also on complete and proper polymerisation of
the restorative material and the adhesive system.
The capacity of the light polymerisation unit, defined by the radiation flux density
(mW/cm2), has a major effect on the degree of polymerisation of dental
composite materials, in addition to the ambient temperature. Composite
material which has not undergone full polymerisation may impair the mechanical
and physical material properties, increase the tendency towards discoloration
and the levels of water absorption or cause pulpal irritation due to
unpolymerised monomer residues. Numerous manufacturers have increased
the capacity of their light-polymerisation equipment to a growing extent in line
with the recommendations of leading authors. These include concerns about the
use of light polymerisation equipment at the limits of their maximum capacity,
and the fact that, with light polymerisation equipment offering low capacities of
approx. 200 mW/cm2, complete polymerisation can only be expected to depths
of approx. 1 mm and the equipment offers no reserves whatsoever in terms of
performance.
However, the question of the optimum radiation density which should be used
for polymerisation of a composite material has remained generally unanswered
to date. There has been discussion about a polymerisation model which, with a
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 3
lower radiation density, primarily results in longitudinal growth of polymer chains
with reduced stress in the restorative material and less polymerisation
shrinkage although a high level of emitted energy might cause fast, close-
meshed cross-linking at an increased polymerisation rate and greater stresses
in the restorative material. However, in general the measurable polymerisation
shrinkage with increasing polymerisation always comes close to the material-
related linear polymerisation shrinkage of modern fine particle hybrid
composites in the order of 3-4%. Lower values for the measured polymerisation
shrinkage with less effective polymerisation energy are thus more probably due
to an incomplete polymerisation reaction.
2.2. Motivation
Despite improvements in the more recent dentine bonding systems which can
offer bond strengths of 25-30 MPa, marginal gap formations, which become
more serious as the length of placement increases, are still occurring, in
particular at the margins of composite restorations limited by dentine. Important
factors here are the polymerisation shrinkage of the composite and the creation
of internal stresses which impair bonding to the remaining tooth substance. For
this reason various development projects and studies aim to reduce both
polymerisation shrinkage and the internal stresses to a minimum. One
promising approach that is being taken to solve this problem is the attempt to
influence the polymerisation kinetics using modified light curing methods.
ELIPAR HIGHLIGHT was the first commercially available polymerisation unit
which could be used to influence the reaction kinetics during polymerisation in a
specific manner. In this case the light intensity increases step by step. This
stepped polymerisation process reduces the stresses in the restoration
composite without impairing the mechanical properties or the residual
monomer content.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 4
If, in contrast to stepped polymerisation, the light intensity is increased on a
continuous basis, a further beneficial effect on marginal behaviour can be
forecast. With ELIPAR TRILIGHT multistep polymerisation is carried out by
means of an exponential increase in light intensity within the first 15 seconds. In
addition ELIPAR TRILIGHT also offers the option of performing light
polymerisation at a medium (Medium) or constant light intensity (Standard).
Another aspect which was taken into account when developing ELIPAR
TRILIGHT was the variation in light intensity for the unit when changing from one
lamp to another. The light intensity of lamps may vary by up to ±20% due to
production-related factors. This circumstance may ultimately detract from the
optimum material properties of composites subjected to such light-curing
methods. For this reason ESPE has developed a software-aided electronic
feature to deal with this unsatisfactory situation. In addition to the patented
intensity control system, already integrated in the ELIPAR HIGHLIGHT which
ensures a uniform light intensity for the entire service life of one lamp, ELIPAR
TRILIGHT allows the entire system (lamp, filter, light guide) to be "calibrated" to
the defined light intensity value of 800 mW/cm2 after changing lamps.
2.3. Indications
ELIPAR TRILIGHT is a multipurpose light polymerisation unit for composites,
compomers and light-curing glass ionomer cements. The light curing times are
not affected by the modified increase in light intensity. For this reason the curing
times specified in the respective instructions for use are valid for all
polymerisable products available on the market. These times are summarised
for ESPE products in Table 1:
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 5
Product Curing time [sec]
Restoration compositesPertac II 40Visio-Molar 40Visio-Fil 40Visio-Dispers 40Visio-Seal 20Cavit LC 20 for layer thickness
< 6mm, 40 for < 9mmLuting compositesCompolute 40 per restoration surfaceSono-Cem 40 + 20 per addit. restoration
surfaceCompomersHytac 40Adhesive systemsEBS-Multi 20Hytac OSB 10Visio-Bond 20Light-curing glass ionomersPhotac-Fil Quick 20 (DBO: 40)Accessories f.glass ionomersKetac-Glaze 10
Tab. 1: Curing times for ESPE products
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 6
3. Technical Background
3.1. Curing Principle
Studies carried out with experimental light units have shown that multistep
polymerisation has a positive effect on marginal behaviour, in comparison with
two-step polymerisation. This discovery resulted in the idea of not increasing
the light intensity abruptly after 10 sec, but at an exponential rate (Exponential
mode). Fig. 1 compares the progression of light intensities for ELIPAR
HIGHLIGHT and ELIPAR TRILIGHT.
[ m W / cm2]
10s 20s 30s 40s 10s 20s 30s 40s
ELIPAR HIGHLIGHTHiHIGHLIGHT
ELIPAR TRILIGHTTTRILIGHT
200
400
600
800
200
400
600
800
[mW/ cmmm
2]
Fig. 1: Progression of light intensities for ELIPAR HIGHLIGHT and ELIPAR
TRILIGHT
Another aspect that was taken into consideration when developing ELIPAR
TRILIGHT was the option of selecting a medium light intensity level. Light units
with high outputs are characterised by an increase in temperature during light
curing. Particularly in the case of bonding agents, liners with free-flowing
composites or cervical cavities which preclude the use of a rubber dam, there is
the risk of a marked increase in the temperature of the gingiva or pulp. With
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 7
these indications in mind ELIPAR TRILIGHT offers the option of using a lower
light intensity (approx. 450 mW/cm2) for polymerisation (Medium mode).
However the polymerisation period increases to double the curing time in such
cases (not applicable for layer thicknesses of less than 0.5 mm or for
adhesives) to ensure optimum material parameters.
There is also the option of carrying out curing at a constant light intensity during
the entire curing period of the composite to be cured (Standard mode).
3.2. Calibration Function
In addition to the various curing methods described above, ELIPAR TRILIGHT
now offers a brand-new feature for calibration of the unit when using different
lamps. The intensity of radiation of conventional equipment varies by up to
±20% when changing from one lamp to another depending on the
manufacturer. Such variations may make it impossible to reproduce
polymerisation results. With ELIPAR TRILIGHT the intensity of radiation of the
lamp is set to an output of 800 mW/cm2 using the calibration unit.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 8
3.3. Physical Parameters
The light is generated using a tungsten-halogen lamp specially adapted for
dental applications. The light produced is then filtered so that only blue light in
the wavelength range 400 – 515 nm is emitted (see Fig. 2), thus preventing the
material to be polymerised from being heated up unnecessarily through heat
radiation.
The power consumption of the entire unit is approx. 100 W, and 75 W for the
lamp.
When calibrated the lamp radiates 800 mW/cm² in the wavelength range
specified above and 450 mW/cm² in reduced Medium mode.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength [ nm ]
Lig
ht
Inte
nsi
ty [
arb
itra
ry u
nit
s ]
Fig. 2: Emission range of ELIPAR TRILIGHT
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 9
4. Equipment Concept
ELIPAR TRILIGHT is a light polymerisation unit in which the light is generated in
the hand unit. This means that there are two housings which are structurally
separate from each other – the hand unit and the basic unit.
4.1. Assemblies
In the basic unit the main assemblies are the voltage transformer and the
processor board. The processor board uses a microprocessor to control and
monitor all adjustable functions, the light intensity, the calibration unit and the
light intensity measuring functions. It performs internal monitoring of the output
and corrects any deviations caused for example by ageing of the lamp or power
supply deviations.
All functions such as time or mode selections are carried out using a membrane
keypad for reasons of hygiene. The results of the light intensity measurements
are displayed digitally, rounded off to 50 mW/cm². An audible warning signal is
emitted if the value of 1000 mW/cm² is exceeded.
The hand unit also includes a control board, in addition to the lamp, filter and
fan. All the major light polymerisation functions can be selected or controlled
using the membrane keypad attached to the hand unit.
All plastic parts included in the basic unit are made of impact-resistant
polycarbonate, while the parts in the hand unit are made of heatproof
polyethylene-terephthalate. The external parts of the hand unit are also insulated
to protect them from the heat radiated by the lamp.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 10
4.2. Safety Functions
Overheating of the hand unit and the transformer is prevented by means of a
thermostat for each item. If the value of 1000 mW/cm² is exceeded during the
light measurements, an audible warning signal is emitted. If the value of 800
mW/cm² is not attained on calibration of a new lamp, the error signal is also
emitted and “EEE” will appear on the display. However, the unit can be
operated in an uncalibrated state.
If the lamp is affected by serious ageing, the microprocessor may be unable to
maintain a uniform light intensity. In this case, a malfunction signal will also be
heard, as in the case of a burnt-out filament or a power voltage falling outside
the permissible range.
For more security, the unit shows through a blinking display “CAL” that you have
to do another calibration check always after 10 hours operating time net.
Although the unit always stays operational.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 11
5. Test Results
5.1. Internal Measurements
The measurements were carried out in the Clinical Research Laboratory in
accordance with ISO 4049 (resin-based restorative materials) and DIN 53456
(hardness test using indentation method). All tests were performed on the curing
methods available - Medium, Standard and Expo. The curing times in Medium
mode were twice as long as specified in the relevant instructions for use. Table
2 summarises the results obtained for the tested products.
Pertac II Photac-Fil Quick
Aplicap
Flexural strength Medium 112±8 42±4
[MPa] Standard 113±7 37±6
Expo 111±11 34±4
Compressive
strength
Medium 424±4 178±7
[MPa] Standard 422±7 183±4
Expo 414±20 181±7
Surface hardness Medium 240±11 223±11
[MPa] Standard 272±30 218±7
Expo 287±58 218±12
Water absorption Medium 0.1±0.7 n.b.
[mg/mm3] Standard 0.9±0.7 n.b.
Expo -0.3±0.6 n.b.
Tab. 2: Mechanical properties of PERTAC II, and PHOTAC-FIL QUICKafter light curing with ELIPAR TRILIGHTWithin the limits of standard deviations equally good mechanical properties
were obtained for the products examined with all three curing methods.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 12
5.2. External Measurement at Universities
5.2.1. Polymerisation Stresses
Photoelasticity Dr. C.-P. Ernst (University of Mainz)
Photoelastic investigations are used to portray the stresses to which the
surrounding material and boundary surface are subjected during the
polymerisation of composites. With this method it is possible to make a simple
and easily reproducible comparison between the polymerisation shrinkage
stresses for different products.
During the investigation performed at the University of Mainz a significant
reduction in the polymerisation stresses was observed for all the composites
examined.
The following figure shows an example of a photoelastic picture. A composite
restoration has been placed in an epoxy resin plate with a centre hole, bonded
and allowed to cure. This is represented by the black circle in the middle. The
stresses and forces caused by polymerisation shrinkage can be seen in the
surrounding area. The number, density and position of the black circles is
proportional to the stress acting on the adhesive bond.
As the pictures are rotationally symmetrical, the two halves have been
overlapped to demonstrate the stresses more clearly. Fig. 3 makes a
comparison between a conventionally cured sample, 5 minutes after the end of
polymerisation on the left, and a sample cured in Exponential mode on the right.
Fig. 4 shows the same samples 1 hour after the end of polymerisation.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 13
Fig. 3 Photoelastic picture of PERTAC II, on the left cured using the
conventional (Standard) method, on the right cured in Exponential
mode; picture taken 5 min after the end of polymerisation
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 14
Fig. 4: As Fig. 3; picture taken 1 h after the end of polymerisation
In both pictures it can be seen that the restoration cured using the conventional
method subjects the boundary surface and the surrounding material to a much
higher stress. This demonstrates the potential of the exponential polymerisation
process in terms of stress reduction.
The pictures can be used to calculate the load to which the adjacent area is
subjected. Fig. 5 shows the data for a number of selected composites.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Pol
ymer
isat
ion
stre
ss [M
Pa]
Pertac II Solitaire Definite Visio-Molar
Standard
Expo
Fig. 5: Polymerisation stresses of various restoration composites
Polymerisation stress Dr. M. Bouschlicher (University of Iowa)
A reduction in stresses was also observed in the investigation performed at the
University of Iowa. This study also included a comparison with ELIPAR
HIGHLIGHT. The Exponential mode (multistep polymerisation) resulted in a
further improvement in the results compared with two-step polymerisation (Fig.
6).
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Pol
ymer
isat
ion
Shr
inka
ge
Forc
es [N
]
Elipar Highlight Elipar Trilight(Exponential)
Elipar Trilight(Standard)
Fig. 6: Polymerisation stresses of various restoration composites
5.2.2. Marginal Behaviour
Colour penetration test Dr. J.O. Burgess (Louisiana State University)
In addition to the reduction in stresses a positive effect on marginal behaviour is
another point in favour of the exponential light curing of composites.
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
Mic
role
akag
e
Elipar Trilight(Exponential)
Elipar Trilight(Standard)
XL 3000
Fig.7: Colour penetration test in Class V restorations with various curing
methods (Z100)
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 16
In this study it was not possible to influence the marginal behaviour of Z100 to
any statistically significant extent (Fig. 7). One reason for this is possibly the
high initiator content in Z100 which allows the gelification point (time at which
the free-flowing property of the composite is no longer observed) to be reached
sooner despite the initially lower level of polymerisation energy. However, the
positive effect of ELIPAR TRILIGHT is more apparent in the case of composites
which do not polymerise so quickly.
Colour penetration test Dr. C.-P. Ernst (University of Mainz)
In contrast to the above results, a positive effect on marginal quality was
observed in the study carried out by Dr. Ernst (Fig. 8). The composites used
here are characterised by much better polymerisation kinetics with the onset of
exponential light curing. In the case of PERTAC II the positive effect obtained
was of statistical significance.
0
0,20,4
0,60,8
1
1,21,4
1,61,8
Col
our p
enet
ratio
n at
de
ntin
e m
argi
ns
Pertac II TetricCeram
Definte SureFil
Standard
Expo
Fig. 8: Colour penetration test in Class V restorations
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 17
6. Instructions for Use
6.1. Selection of Mode
The "Mode" pushbutton on the basic unit or the hand unit is used to select the
required curing method. If the operator selects curing times which preclude the
new curing method for safety reasons, the system automatically switches to the
next curing time.
When using the "med" setting for polymerisation near the pulp or gingiva it is
advisable to double the curing time due to the reduced light intensity (not
necessary for layer thicknesses of less than 0.5mm).
When "med" mode is used, the light will flicker slightly due to technical reasons.
This is an additional indication of this mode and has no effect on polymerisation
quality.
6.2. Selection of Curing Time
Press the pushbutton with the required curing time (10, 20, 40, 60 or 80).
Alternatively repeatedly press the pushbutton "sec" on the hand unit until the
required time is displayed.
In "med" mode all curing times are possible.
In "exp" mode curing times of "40" and "60" are possible.
In "std" mode curing times of "10", "20", "40" and "60" are possible.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 18
6.3. Basic Settings
There is also the option of setting the curing method, the curing time and
additional audible signals as default values as required. These programmed
values are reset whenever the unit is switched on. The mode and the curing time
can be adjusted irrespective of the default setting when the unit is switched on,
e.g. when using different products.
When delivered the unit has the following settings: curing time 40 sec, "exp"
(Exponential mode), audible signal when light is switched on, after 20 sec and
when it is switched off.
Curing time
Press the required pushbutton ("10", "20", "40", "60" or "80") while the unit is
switched off then switch on the power at the same time. Two short signals will
confirm that the program value has been stored. The time selected is indicated
via the displays on the basic unit and the hand unit.
Curing method
Press the "Mode" pushbutton while the unit is switched off and turn on the power
switch at the same time. The "med" indicator will flash. If the "Mode" pushbutton
is pressed again, the system will jump to the next mode. When the required
mode has been set (appropriate indicator flashing), press the "Mode"
pushbutton and hold down for 3 sec. Two short signals will confirm that the new
program value has been stored.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 19
7. Summary
The studies into the material properties have shown that ELIPAR TRILIGHT is
ideally suited as a light polymerisation unit for dental materials. The use of
ELIPAR TRILIGHT has a positive effect on the reduction of stresses and
marginal behaviour.
ELIPAR TRILIGHT provides for three different polymerisation methods:
Standard, Exponential and Medium. All three options result in identical
mechanical properties, with light curing in “Medium” mode involving an increase
in the curing time.
ELIPAR TRILIGHT can be easily programmed at the main unit using a hygienic
membrane keypad. The curing times and modes can also be selected by
means of a switch on the hand unit.
In addition, thanks to ELIPAR TRILIGHT with its integrated calibration function
the Dentist can be sure of reproducing the restoration quality due to correctly
adjusted light intensity.
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 20
8. Bibliography
8.1. Literature relating to ELIPAR TRILIGHT
N. Brand, C.-P. Ernst, B. Willershausen
“Reduction of polymerization forces with soft-start polymerization – a photo-elastic investigation”J. Dent. Res. (IADR Abstract # 2339), 1999.
J. R. Dunn, C. A. Munoz, J. Sy-Munoz, N. Jessop
“Composite Depth of Cure using 3 curing modes, Standard, Medium &Exponential”J. Dent. Res. (IADR Abstract # 2321), 1999.
U. Frommator, C.-P. Ernst, B. Willershausen
“The influence of soft-start polymerization on marginal integrity of class Vfillings.”J. Dent. Res. (IADR Abstract # 3545), 1999.
M. R. Bouschlicher, D. B. Boyer
“Effect of Ramped/Stepped Light Intensity on Polymerization Shrinkage Forces”J. Dent. Res. (IADR Abstract # 2322), 1999.
R. S. Walker, J. O. Burgess
“Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations with Different Visible-Light-Curing Methods.”J. Dent. Res. (IADR Abstract # 397), 1999.
8.2. General Literature
C. P. Ernst
“ELIPAR HIGHLIGHT der ESPE-Dental-Medizin: In der Lichtpolymerisationmehrstufig von 150 bis 170 Watt arbeiten.”Die Zahnarzt Woche, 37/11, (9/1996).
M. Folwaczny, A. Mehl, C. Benz, R. Hickel
“Physical properties of compomer-materials after softstart-polymerization.”
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 21
Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Grundlagenforschung, Mainz, (1/1998).A. Mehl, J. Manhart, L. Kremers, K.-H. Kunzelmann, R. Hickel
“Physical Properties and Marginal Quality of Class II Composite Fillings afterSoftstart-Polymerization.”IADR Orlando, Abstract # 2121, (3/1997)
A. Massimano, G. Mori, G. Goracci
“Effects of Curing Light Intensity on Microleakage of Class V CompositeRestorations.”IADR Madrid, Abstract # 162, (9/1997)
P. Koran, R. Kürschner
“Stress Reduction in Composites due to Two-Step-Polymerization.”IADR Orlando, Abstract # 2393, (3/1997)
C. P. Ernst, R. Kürschner, B. Willershausen
“Stress reduction in composite resin by means of a two-step polymerization unit– a photoelastic investigation.”IADR Madrid, Abstract # 292, (9/1997)
R. Kürschner, P. Koran, E. Winter, A. Bauer
“Photoelastic Determination of Marginal Tensile Forces due to CompositeShrinkage.”IADR Nizza, Abstract # 420, (6/1998)
D. C. Watts, A. Al-Hindi
“‘Soft-Start‘ Photo-Polymerisation Effects in Resin-Composite Restoratives.”IADR Nizza, Abstract # 216, (6/1998)
M. Degoes, J. O. Burgess, X. Xu
“Marginal Adaptation in Class 5 Composite Restorations with Four CuringUnits.”
P. Koran, R. Kürschner
“Effect of sequential versus continuous irradiation of a light-cured resincomposite on shrinkage, viscosity, adhesion, and degree of polymerization.”Reprint – American Journal of Dentistry, Vol. 11, No.1, (1/1998)
C. P. Ernst, R. Kürschner, B. Willershausen
“Polymerisationspannung in Kompositmaterialien bei Verwendung eineszweistufigen Lichtpolymerisationsgerätes.”
Elipar TriLight – The Intelligent Light Curing Unit 22
Acta Med. Dent. Helv., Vol. 2, (8/1997)
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