electronic fuel injector

SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION

Presented by

Debashish bose

Reg no- 1101298278

Branch- mechanical

Roll no- 14

GUIDED BY

AYUSHMAN NAYAK

LECTURER

DEPT. MECH ENGG.

CONTENT Introduction

Literature Review

History

Types Of Fuel Injection

Components Of Electronic Injection System

Fuel Injector Working

How The Injector Fires

Injector Testing

Injector Cleaning

Digital Twin Spark Swirl Induction (Dts-si)

Advantages

Disadvantages

References

INTRODUCTION Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an Internal Combustion

Engine.

It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s.

With the advent of electronic fuel injection (EFI), the diesel and gasoline hardware has become similar.

Strict emission standards require precise fuel delivery

Computers used to calculate fuel needs

EFI very precise, reliable & cost effective

EFI provide correct A/F ratio for all loads, speeds, & temp ranges

LITERATURE REVIEW

Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems(Third edition) by Tom Denton BA, AMSAE, MITRE, Cert.Ed.Associate Lecturer, Open University on Development of the automobile electrical system.

Gasoline Fuel-Injection System K-Jetronic by Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Ulrich Adler, Joachim Kaiser, Berthold Gauder, Leinfelden-Echterdingen targeting to achieve higher fuel economy and lower toxic emissions.

Service Procedures 2379-03-02-02 Copper Sleeve, Unit Injector, Replacement(One) by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA covering the propoer procedure for replacing the copper sleeves for the unit injectors on the Volvo D16F engine.

Service Procedures 2379-03-02-01 Unit Injector, Replacement D16 Engines by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA covering information regarding replacing operation for the engine unit injectors on the Volvo D16 engine.

HISTORY Frederic joined Forward gas engine in 1889 and do experiments in fuel injection.

Fuel injection was in widespread commercial use in diesel engines by mid 1920s. The direct injection was in employed in some notable designs like Benz, BMW.

First gasoline injection system was developed by Bosch and introduced in 1955 in Mercedes Benz-300 SL.

The first commercial electronic fuel injection (EFI) system was Electrojector, developed by the Bendix Corporation and was to be offered by American Motors (AMC) in 1957 .

HISTORY(CONT..) In 1957, Chevrolet introduced a mechanical fuel injection option, made by

General Motors‘.

Chrysler offered Electro injector on specific high performance 1958 models…the 300D, the D500 Arguably the first series cars equipped with an EFI system, but the early electronic components were too slow.

Bosch developed an electronic fuel injection system, called D-Jetronic (D for Druck, the German word for pressure), which was first used on the VW 1600TL in 1967.

Types of Fuel Injection

Direct Injection

Throttle Body Injection

Multi point Fuel Injection

Continuous Injection

Central Port Injection

Central Multi-Port Injection

Low Pressure Injection

Direct Injection(TDI):

In direct injection the fuel injector sprays atomised fuel directly into the main combustion chamber of each cylinder, rather than the pre-combustion chamber prevalent in older diesels which used indirect injection.

The engine is coupled with a turbocharger to increase the amount of air going into the engine cylinders, and an intercooler to lower the temperature (and therefore increase the density) of the air from the turbo, thereby increasing the amount of fuel that can be injected and combusted

Throttle Body Injection (TBI)

First injection unit used

Also known as Snigle Point Injector

One or two injector

One or two of these units are directed at the intake manifold

Multi-point fuel injection: Multi-point fuel injection injects fuel

into the intake port just upstream of the cylinder's intake valve, rather than at a central point within an intake manifold.

One injector per cylinder

Mounts in intake manifold, sprays directly at intake valve

Fired in groups or individually (SFI)

Leaner mixture during warm-up

Continuous injection

In a continuous injection system, fuel flows at all times from the fuel injectors, but at a variable flow rate.

This is in contrast to most fuel injection systems, which provide fuel during short pulses of varying duration, with a constant rate of flow during each pulse.

Continuous injection systems can be multi-point or single-point, but not direct.

Central Port Injection (CPI)

Injector located in center of intake manifold

60 psi system

6 or 8 poppet valves attached to one injector

Central Multi-Port Injection (CMPI)

Similar to CPI

Individual injectors, with poppet valves

LOW PRESSURE FUEL INJECTOR

13-16 psi operating pressure

Ball style pintle

Easily replaceable

Components Of Electronic Injection System

Electronic Parts

Computer (PCM):

logic device.

Sensors :

input data to the computer.

Actuators :

Convert output of the computer into mechanical motion

Mechanical Parts

Fuel tank.

Fuel pump.

Fuel filter and lines.

Injector or injectors.

Fuel rail.

Pressure regulator.

Types of Engine Sensors

Mass airflow sensor

Oxygen sensor

Throttle position sensor

Coolant temperature sensor

Voltage sensor

Manifold absolute pressure sensor

Engine speed sensor

Crank Position Sensor

Cam Angle Sensor

Computer Actuators (Outputs)

Fuel Injectors

Idle Air Control

Fuel Pump Relay

Cooling Fan Relay

Torque Converter

Malfunction Indicator Lamp

HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP

An electric fuel pump.

Equipped with an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

Increased safety

Fuel Filter and Fuel Lines

Check for impurities

Improve fuel quality

Inline

Fuel Rail

The rail - pipe that fills the injectors.

A pipe (usually resembling a rail) used to deliver fuel to individual fuel injectors.

It is designed to have a pocket or seat for each injector as well as an inlet for a fuel supply.

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Located at end of fuel rail

Maintains constant pressure at injectors

Pressure adjusted for changes in intake manifold vacuum.

Some are mechanical but newer cars use an electronic system

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Poppet Nozzles

Contains a check ball & extension spring

Regulate the flow of fuel into cylinder

Fuel flows when pressure exceeds 40 psi

Ball reseats when pressure drops

ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT

ECU determines precisely how much fuel needs to be delivered by the injector by monitoring the engine sensors.

ECU monitors engine operating parameters via various sensors.

The optimum amount of injected fuel depends on conditions such as engine and ambient temperatures, engine speed and workload, and exhaust gas composition.

Monitoring temperature and other sensors etc.

FUEL INJECTOR WORKING

FUEL INJECTOR WORKING

Electronic Control System

Fuel Delivery System

Air Induction System

Electronic Control System

Comprises of various electronic parts including sensor.

The sensor sends sgnal to the Electronic Control Unit.

The ECU processes all these signal and send appropriate commands to the injectors.

The injector inject fuel as per the command.

Fuel Delivery System

It consist of fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel delivery pipe, fuel injector, fuel pressure regulator and fuel return pipe.

Fuel is delivered from the tank to the injector by means of an electric fuel pump. The pump is typically located in or near the fuel tank.

Fuel is maintained at a constant pressure by means of a fuel pressure regulator.

Air Induction System

The air induction system consists of the air cleaner, air flow meter, throttle valve, air intake chamber, intake manifold runner, and intake valve.

When the throttle valve is opened, air flows through the air cleaner, through the air flow meter (on L type systems), past the throttle valve, and through a well tuned intake manifold runner to the intake valve.

How the Injector Fires

The computer grounds the injector to turn it “pulse” -- “Pulse width”

Pulses timed by crankshaft sensor (CKPS). And/or camshaft sensor (CPS).

Three ways to fire the injectors:

1. Group

2. Gang injection

3. Sequential injection

Injector Testing

Coil Test – Specific current supplied, measures voltage drop

Injector Balance – Inj. Energized for a precise time frame, record fuel pressure drop

Noid lights

Simple test light that plugs into injector connector

Light flashes with each electrical pulse

Periodic cleaning removes varnish & other deposits

Pressurized canister dispenses cleaning solution

Must disconnect fuel pump!

Injector Cleaning

Digital Twin Spark Swirl Induction (DTS-Si):

Like the DTS-i engine, the DTS-Si engine also has 2 Spark Plugs, the timing of which is controlled by a Digital Microprocessor.

The difference between these two engines is the offset position of the inlet and outlet ports of the DTS-Si engine.

This offset position creates turbulence of the air-fuel mixture inside the engine.

Benefits of DTS-Si Technology: This enhances the fuel efficiency of the engine even further.

Advantages

Uniform Air/Fuel Mixture Distribution.

Highly Accurate Air/Fuel Ratio Control Throughout All Engine Operating Conditions.

Excellent Fuel Economy With Improved Emission Control.

Improved Cold Engine Start ability.

Simpler Mechanics, Reduced Adjustment Sensitivity

DISADVANTAGES

Costly. Need regular maintenance. ECU can be hacked.

REFERENCES

“Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems(Third edition)” by Tom Denton BA, AMSAE, MITRE, Cert.Ed.Associate Lecturer, Open University.

“Gasoline Fuel-Injection System K-Jetronic” by Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Ulrich Adler, Joachim Kaiser, Berthold Gauder, Leinfelden-Echterdingen.

“Service Procedures 2379-03-02-02 Copper Sleeve, Unit Injector, Replacement(One)” by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA.

“Service Procedures 2379-03-02-01 Unit Injector, Replacement D16 Engines” by Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA.

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