electron cyclotron system for kstar us-korea workshop opportunities for expanded fusion science and...
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Q TYUIOP
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON SYSTEM FOR
KSTAR
US-Korea WorkshopOpportunities for Expanded
Fusion Science and Technology Collaborations
with the KSTAR ProjectPresented by
Richard Callis
General AtomicsMay 19, 2004
Q TYUIOP
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON HEATING IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR ADVANCED
TOKAMAK RESEARCH
• Effective source of highly localized and controlled heating and current drive– Plasma heating
Q TYUIOP
• Effective source of highly localized and controlled heating and current drive– Plasma heating– Current profile control and
sustainment
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON HEATING IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR ADVANCED
TOKAMAK RESEARCH
Q TYUIOP
• Effective source of highly localized and controlled heating and current drive– Plasma heating– Current profile control and
sustainment– Control of MHD instabilities
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON HEATING IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR ADVANCED
TOKAMAK RESEARCH
Q TYUIOP
• Effective source of highly localized and controlled heating and current drive– Plasma heating– Current profile control and
sustainment– Control of MHD instabilities
• Coupling of power to the wave is easy– Wave propagates in vacuum,
remote antennas, insensitivity to plasma edge
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON HEATING IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR TOKAMAK
RESEARCH
Q TYUIOP
• Effective source of highly localized and controlled heating and current drive– Plasma heating– Current profile control and
sustainment– Control of MHD instabilities
• Coupling of power to the wave is easy– Wave propagates in vacuum,
remote antennas, insensitivity to plasma edge
• Power density can be very high (~109 W/m2)
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON HEATING IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR ADVANCED
TOKAMAK RESEARCH
Q TYUIOP
THE ABILITY TO MODIFY THE CURRENT DENSITY PROFILE IN A HIGH PLASMA HAS BEEN
DEMONSTRATED
• Increased negative central shear leads to increased core confinement
• fNI > 85% with nearly stationary profiles
• Off-axis co-ECCD increases negative central shear
Q TYUIOP
PINPOINT LOCALIZATION OF EC POWERSUPPORTS STABILIZATION OF MHD MODES
• Stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes uses ECCD inside magnetic islands– Leads to higher operation– Avoids plasma disruptions (2/1
modes)
• Accurate placement of ECCD is required to hit island– Real time feedback schemes
developed
• Interaction of wave with instability allows measurement of mode onset conditions and growth rates for comparison to theory
Q TYUIOP
ACTIVE TRACKING OF RATIONAL SURFACE MAINTAINS BENEFITS OF STABILIZING THE 3/2 NTM
• m=3/n=2 NTM suppressed by ECCD using feedback to optimize the location
• After mode disappears active tracking keeps ECCD on q = 3/2 surface
• N can be raised above the onset condition even in the presence of sawteeth and ELMs
Q TYUIOP
THE PROPOSAL IS FOR THE US TO PROVIDE KSTAR WITH A TURN-KEY 4 MW
170 GHz EC SYSTEM BY 2010
• Four 1 MW 170 GHz gyrotrons identical to those developed for ITER
• Each gyrotron will use an IGBT solid state modulator, also an ITER design
• The transmission line will use evacuated waveguide components identical to that used on ITER
• The Antenna will be custom designed for KSTAR but adapted from the remote steering concept being used by ITER for the upper ports. An alternate design based upon the ITER midplane antenna will be evaluated prior to the start of detailed design.
Q TYUIOP
THE GYROTRON POWER SUPPLY IS ALL SOLID STATE BASED UPON THE PROPOSED ITER
POWER SUPPLY CONFIGURATION
3 PHASERECTIFIER
STEPUP XFMR
CIRCUITBREAKER
DISTRIBUTIONXFMR
FAST SERIES SWITCHSWITCHING BUCK REGULATOR
DC - DC PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR POWER SUPPLY-40 to -85 KVDC 40 A
-100 KVDC160 A
20 kV50 mARegulatedPower Supply
20 kV50 mARegulatedPower Supply
20 kV50 mARegulatedPower Supply
20 kV50 mARegulatedPower Supply
Gyrotron Power Supply No 1
Gyrotron Power Supply No 3
Gyrotron Power Supply No 2
Gyrotron
•Single large transformer rectify feeding individual power supplies
•Power supplies are IGBT based Pulse Width Modulation design
•Gyrotron is protected from spark-down by a fast IGBT opening switch
Q TYUIOP
THE EC TRANSMISSION LINE WILL BE ASSEMBLED FROM THE SAME
COMPONENTS APPLICABLE TO ITER
Waveguide Switch
Step corrugated vacuum waveguide for various
wavelengths
A power monitormiter bend is thefirst miter in each waveguide line.
Standard miter bend. Grooved rotating mirrorscreate polarization control miters.
Waveguide switchwith 70 dB isolation
waveguide bellowsare used wheretransmission linemovement is identified
Q TYUIOP
THE LONG PULSE LAUNCHER WILL BE BASED UPON THE ITER REMOTE
STEERABLE LAUNCHER CONCEPT• The launcher uses a
square corrugated waveguide of a length such that the exit beam mimics the input beam.
• Steering mirrors are located outside the vacuum vessel far from plasma disruption and heat loads.
• Scanning is limited to ±10° in all directions
• A fixed mirror at the plasma end of the square waveguide points the beam in the nominal direction
Circular waveguide
CVD window
Fixed mirror
Square waveguide
± 10°
Q TYUIOP
A TURNKEY 4 MW 170 GHz ECH SYSTEM FOR KSTAR WOULD COST $19 M
•Prices are in $2004•Cost savings are assumed, because hardware is identical to ITER EC hardware and could be built at the same time, so quantity discount maybe applicable.
•Design and documentation is for KSTAR specific issues only, ITER covers major R&D costs.
•Installation supervision only, KSTAR is to cover cost of installation labor
GYROTRON SYSTEMS
POWER SUPPLIES
TRANSMISSION LINES ANTENNA TOTAL
PHYSICS SIM 200
DESIGN & DOC 528 600 237 678 2043
FABRICATION 7456 2611 3528 2245 15841
INSTALLATION* 366 682 125 200 1373
TOTAL 8,350$ 3,893$ 3,890$ 3,123$ 19,456$
KSTAR COST SUMMARY (k$)
Q TYUIOP
FOR THE GYROTRON SYSTEM THE MAIN COST IS WITH THE GYROTRONS AND
SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET
GYRORON & MAGNET 5028SUPPORT TANK 358INST/CONTROL 1843
Q TYUIOP
THE 4 MW ELECTRON CYCLOTRON SYSTEM FOR KSTAR COULD BE READY
FOR EXPERIMENTS BY 2010
KSTAR 4 MW EC SCHEDULE 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
PHYSICS SIMULATION
RF SOURCES & CONTROLSDESIGN/TEST
PRODUCTION/FABINSTALLATION/CHECKOUT
POWER SUPPLIESDESIGN/TEST
PRODUCTION/FABINSTALLATION/CHECKOUT
TRANSMISSION LINES DESIGN/TEST
PRODUCTION/FABINSTALLATION/CHECKOUT
ANTENNA DESIGN/TEST
PRODUCTION/FABINSTALLATION/CHECKOUT
COST (k$2004) 200 1800 6000 6000 5000 500
Q TYUIOP
SUMMARY
• Steady State Advanced Tokamak plasma research on KSTAR could be advanced by five or more years if the US contributed to a 4 MW EC system based upon the ITER design.
• The EC technology intended for ITER will receive real hands on testing, years before needed for ITER, allowing for improvements to reliability and performance.
• The cost (in 2004 $) would be ≈$19M, but could be lowered if Korea could support some of the costs, such as gyrotrons and power supplies.
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