electrical, mechanical and chemical sources of accidents 1
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Chemical, Mechanical And Chemical, Mechanical And Electrical Sources Of Electrical Sources Of
Accidents And fireAccidents And fire
By Prof. Dr. Amjad ParvezBy Prof. Dr. Amjad Parvez
ACCIDENTSACCIDENTS
An An accidentaccident is a specific, identifiable, is a specific, identifiable, unexpected, unusual and unintended unexpected, unusual and unintended external action which occurs in a particular external action which occurs in a particular time and place, without apparent or time and place, without apparent or deliberate cause but with marked effects. deliberate cause but with marked effects.
Chemical AccidentChemical Accident
The terms “The terms “chemical accidentchemical accident” or ” or ““chemical incidentchemical incident” refer to an event ” refer to an event resulting in the release of a substance or resulting in the release of a substance or substances hazardous to human health substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment in the short or long and/or the environment in the short or long term. Such events include fires, term. Such events include fires, explosions, leakages or releases of toxic explosions, leakages or releases of toxic or hazardous materials that can cause or hazardous materials that can cause people illness, injury, disability or death. people illness, injury, disability or death.
HistoryHistory
Industrialization in 18Industrialization in 18 thth century century
Steam enginesSteam engines
Internal Combustion EnginesInternal Combustion Engines
Chemical Weapon IndustryChemical Weapon Industry
Types Of chemicals Types Of chemicals
Flammable chemicalsFlammable chemicals
Toxic chemicalsToxic chemicals
Reactive chemicalsReactive chemicals
Corrosive chemicalsCorrosive chemicals
Leaks and spillsLeaks and spills
Chemical DisastersChemical Disasters
Bhopal disaster Bhopal disaster
Nuclear Attack On JAPANNuclear Attack On JAPAN
Explosion at Azotes de France (AZF) Explosion at Azotes de France (AZF) fertilizer factory near Toulouse.fertilizer factory near Toulouse.
Effects of accidentsEffects of accidents
Human HealthHuman Health
CancerCancer
BurnsBurns
Skin DiseasesSkin Diseases
Effects of accidentsEffects of accidents
EnvironmentEnvironment
Soil CorrosionSoil Corrosion
Air PollutionAir Pollution
Threats To WaterThreats To Water
How To ControlHow To Control
The root causes of chemical accidents: The root causes of chemical accidents: accidents do not just happen. There are accidents do not just happen. There are always causes. always causes.
Risk Assessment Risk Assessment
R= SEVERITYR= SEVERITY**LIKLEYHOOD LIKLEYHOOD
SOP For The UsageSOP For The Usage
General chemical safety procedureGeneral chemical safety procedure
Chemical must be properly labeled and stored in Chemical must be properly labeled and stored in the closed areathe closed areaMSDS must be pasted on the chemicals MSDS must be pasted on the chemicals containers in English and in the local language containers in English and in the local language understand by workersunderstand by workersStore chemicals in the cold, dry, well ventilated Store chemicals in the cold, dry, well ventilated and well drained areaand well drained areaAll chemicals must be segregated according to All chemicals must be segregated according to their nature such as flammable, toxic reactive their nature such as flammable, toxic reactive and corrosiveand corrosive
HISTORYHISTORY
IndustrializationIndustrialization
Textile MachineryTextile Machinery
Steam Engines(18Steam Engines(18 thth century) century)
Internal Combustion Engines(19Internal Combustion Engines(19 thth century)century)
TYPES OF MachineryTYPES OF Machinery
Grinding MachinesGrinding Machines
Milling MachinesMilling Machines
Lathe MachinesLathe Machines
CompressorsCompressors
TurbinesTurbines
Types Of AccidentsTypes Of Accidents
Cancer through RadiationsCancer through Radiations
Severe Cuts Can Be ProducedSevere Cuts Can Be Produced
Slippage Through Leakage Of OilSlippage Through Leakage Of Oil
Chips Produced Can Prove To Be FatalChips Produced Can Prove To Be Fatal
Excessive Heating Can Lead To FireExcessive Heating Can Lead To Fire
Types Of AccidentsTypes Of Accidents
Excessive Heating Can Lead To FireExcessive Heating Can Lead To Fire
Mechanical Vibration Can Lead To the Mechanical Vibration Can Lead To the Failure Of Buildings Failure Of Buildings
Mechanical Vibration Produces NoiseMechanical Vibration Produces Noise
Types Of AccidentsTypes Of Accidents
Accidents Due To ResonenceAccidents Due To Resonence
Accidents Due To Mechanical Failure in Accidents Due To Mechanical Failure in Aero planes, Motor Cars Aero planes, Motor Cars
Mechanical CatastrophesMechanical Catastrophes
Titanic Titanic
Compressor Failure At Packages Ltd In Compressor Failure At Packages Ltd In 20062006
Air India Flight 182Air India Flight 182: :
Ways To Reduce Ways To Reduce
Calculate Risk Assessment Of each And Calculate Risk Assessment Of each And Every EquipmentEvery Equipment
R=S*LR=S*L
Apply SOP For Equipment HandlingApply SOP For Equipment Handling
Fundamentals of Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsElectrical HazardsFundamentals of Fundamentals of
Electrical HazardsElectrical HazardsVoltage Voltage electrical pressure electrical pressure
CurrentCurrent electrical flow rate electrical flow rate
ImpedanceImpedance restriction to electrical flowrestriction to electrical flow
CircuitCircuit path of flow of electricitypath of flow of electricity
Circuit ElementCircuit Element objects which are part of a circuit andobjects which are part of a circuit and
through which current flows.through which current flows.
FaultFault current flow through an unintended path.current flow through an unintended path.
Fundamentals of Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsElectrical HazardsFundamentals of Fundamentals of
Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards
What is Grounding?What is Grounding? Protection from electric shockProtection from electric shock
normally a secondary protection measurenormally a secondary protection measure
A ground is a conductive connectionA ground is a conductive connection between electrical circuit or equipment and between electrical circuit or equipment and
earth or ground planeearth or ground plane creates a low resistance to the earth.creates a low resistance to the earth.
Fundamentals of Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsElectrical HazardsFundamentals of Fundamentals of
Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards
√ More than 3 mapainful shock
√ More than 10 mamuscle contraction “no-let-go” danger
√ More than 30 malung paralysis- usually temporary
√ More than 50 mapossible ventricular fib. (heart dysfunction, usually fatal)
√ 100 ma to 4 ampscertain ventricular fibrillation, fatal
√ Over 4 ampsheart paralysis; severe burns. Usually caused by >600 volts
Fundamentals of Electrical Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsHazards
Fundamentals of Electrical Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsHazards
Hazards of ElectricityHazards of Electricity Electrocution/Shock/Burns/DeathElectrocution/Shock/Burns/Death
Fundamentals of Electrical Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsHazards
Fundamentals of Electrical Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsHazards
• Minimum distance from overhead lines 10 ft.
• Inspect all electrical tools and equipment
Frayed, cut, broken wiresgrounding prong missingImproper use of cube tapsimproperly applied or missing strain relief
Electrical Electrical ProtectionProtectionElectrical Electrical ProtectionProtection
Circuit BreakersCircuit Breakers Provided to protect EQUIPMENT not peopleProvided to protect EQUIPMENT not people Do not reset breakers with a line voltage higher than 120V Do not reset breakers with a line voltage higher than 120V
and only reset if you know why it trippedand only reset if you know why it tripped
• GFCI’s- Provided to protect people- Trip range 4-6ma- Monthly test
Electrical ProtectionElectrical ProtectionElectrical ProtectionElectrical Protection
DistanceDistance If you sense the presence of an electrical If you sense the presence of an electrical
hazard or exposed conductors that may be hazard or exposed conductors that may be energized, keep your distance and energized, keep your distance and STAY STAY AWAYAWAY
Basic Rules of Electrical ActionBasic Rules of Electrical ActionBasic Rules of Electrical ActionBasic Rules of Electrical Action
Electricity isn’t live until current flowsElectricity isn’t live until current flows
Electrical current won’t flow until there is a Electrical current won’t flow until there is a complete loop, out from and back to the complete loop, out from and back to the power sourcepower source..
Preventing Accidental Electrical Preventing Accidental Electrical ContactContactPreventing Accidental Electrical Preventing Accidental Electrical ContactContact
Path
Ele
ctri
city
Time
Electrocution Prevention
Kee
p A
way
GFCI
Ground
Do’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'ts
Do Do pplug power equipment into wall receptacles lug power equipment into wall receptacles with power switches in the Off position.with power switches in the Off position.
Do Do unplug electrical equipment by grasping the unplug electrical equipment by grasping the plug and pulling. Do not pull or jerk the cord to plug and pulling. Do not pull or jerk the cord to unplug the equipment.unplug the equipment.
Do notDo not drape power cords over hot pipes, drape power cords over hot pipes, radiators or sharp objects.radiators or sharp objects.
Do’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'ts
Do Do check the receptacle for check the receptacle for missing or damaged parts. missing or damaged parts. Do notDo not plug equipment into plug equipment into defective receptacles.defective receptacles.Do Do check for frayed, cracked, or check for frayed, cracked, or exposed wiring on equipment exposed wiring on equipment cords.cords.
Do Do check for defective cords clamps at check for defective cords clamps at locations where the power cord enters the locations where the power cord enters the equipment or the attachment plug.equipment or the attachment plug.
Extension cords should not be used in Extension cords should not be used in office areas. Generally, extension cords office areas. Generally, extension cords should be limited to use by maintenance should be limited to use by maintenance personnelpersonnel
Do’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'ts
Employees Employees should knowshould know the location of the location of electrical circuit breaker panels that electrical circuit breaker panels that control equipment and lighting in their control equipment and lighting in their respective areas. Circuits and equipment respective areas. Circuits and equipment disconnects must be identifieddisconnects must be identified
Do’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'ts
Do’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'tsDo’s and Don'ts
Temporary or permanent storage of any Temporary or permanent storage of any materials materials must notmust not be allowed within 3 feet be allowed within 3 feet of any electrical panel or electrical of any electrical panel or electrical equipment.equipment.
Any electrical equipment causing shocks Any electrical equipment causing shocks or with high leakage potential must be or with high leakage potential must be tagged with a Danger tag or equivalent. tagged with a Danger tag or equivalent.
Myths and MisconceptionsMyths and MisconceptionsMyths and MisconceptionsMyths and Misconceptions
Electricity takes the path of least Electricity takes the path of least resistance.resistance.
Electricity wants to go to ground.Electricity wants to go to ground.
If an electric tools falls into a sink or tub If an electric tools falls into a sink or tub of water, the item will short out.of water, the item will short out.
Myths and Myths and MisconceptionsMisconceptions
Myths and Myths and MisconceptionsMisconceptions
AC reverse polarity is not hazardous.AC reverse polarity is not hazardous.
It takes high voltage to kill; 120 volts is not It takes high voltage to kill; 120 volts is not dangerous.dangerous.
Double insulated power tools are doubly Double insulated power tools are doubly safe and can be used in wet and damp safe and can be used in wet and damp locations.locations.
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