effect of cow dung variety on biogas production

EFFECT OF COW DUNG VARIETY ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION.

PRESENTED BY MR.PAWAR PRASANNA PRATAP

2012AE/46BCOLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, V.N.M.K.V. PARBHANI

SEMINAR ON

INTRODUCTION

Biogas is a renewable, alternative and sustainable form of energy.

Biogas as an energy source can be converted to benefit domestically and to power our industries .

This topic is carried out with the purpose of discovering which breed of cows is most effective for biogas generation, particularly in the West-African sub-region.

BIOGAS

• Biogas is clean environment friendly fuel that can be obtained by anaerobic digestion of animal residues and domestic and farm wastes.

• Biogas generally comprise of 55-65 % methane, 35-45 % carbon dioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces of water vapor.

• Average calorific value of biogas is 20 MJ/m3 (4713 kcal/m3).

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WHAT IS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION?

Anaerobic digestion occurs when organic material decomposes biologically in the absence of oxygen

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Benefits of Anaerobic Digestion

Odour reduction.

Digested manure retains most of its nutrient/fertilizer value.

Digestion minimizes release of methane to atmosphere during later storage.

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CONSTITUNTS

1- CH4 - 55-65%

2- Co2 - 35-45%

3- N2 - 0.8%

4- H2 - 0.7%

5- CO - 0.2%6- O2 - 0.1%

7- H2S - 0.2%

ENERGY POTENTIAL OF NIGERIA (BIO-FUEL) :-

The reserves for animal waste is as at 2005 was estimated to be 61.00 million tonnes/ yr.

Crop residue was put at 83.00 million tonnes/yr. 50 and 400 MW of electricity is targeted to be generated

from biomass by 2015 and 2025 respectively. Nigeria is tremendously blessed with a variety of energy

resources (both conventional and non-conventional).

BIOGAS GENERATATION DEPENDS ON

The nature and concentration of the substrate,

Feed rate,

pH value,

Bacterial population,

Temperature, and

Chemical inducers.

Materials and methods :- Samples of cow dung (2 kg) were obtained from the Jersey cows,

Holstein Friesian cows, White Fulani cow and Simmental cows

respectively.

The cows were all fed in equal proportion and at the same time

before the samples were collected, with di-calcium, Soya meal,

wheat offal, cotton seed, and cotton husk.

The 263-50 Gas Chromatograph, D2500 Chromato-Integrator and

Gas Sampler were used for the collection and analysis of the biogas

samples collected from the bio-reactor.

Cow were not treated with antibiotics within the weeks prior to

samples gathering.

The gas sample was introduced into the 263-50 Gas-Chromatograph which was connected to a D2500 Chromato-Integrator and charged for a period of 13 min.

The results were plotted on graph by the D2500 Chromato-

Integrator and summary given within 13 min by the Integrator.

The results indicate the presence of Air (Oxygen and Nitrogen), CH4, CO, N, CO2 and traces of other gases.

Detailed Structural Design Of Fixed Dome Biogas Plant

Biogas Plant Design

Floating Drum

Fixed Dome

Out let Pipe

In let Pipe

Digester

Drum

FLOATING DRUM TYPE BIOGAS PLANT

Gas outletInlet

Outlet

Biogas Plant

BIOGAS FLAME

Biogas Lamp For Lighting

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ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Reduces odor from land application

Protects water resources

Reduces pathogens

Weed seed reduction

Fly control after digestion

Greenhouse gas reduction

Composition of biogas matter

Chemical

formula

White Fulani (%)

Holstein (%)

Jersey (%)

Simmental (%)

Methane CH₄ 85.33 84.916 69.223 60.459

Carbon dioxide

CO₂ 13.011 14.89 22.991 27.991

Nitrogen N₂ 1.596 0.177 7.8 11.484

Carbon monoxide

CO 0.13 0.001 0.001 0.021

Air - 0.048 0.01 0.055 0.045

Total - 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Result and discussion:-

Table.1 Moles percentages and composition of biogas for Jersey, Simmental, Holstein and White Fulani cows.

S/No. Cow species

Percentage methane

Calorific value (Cal/m3)

1 White Fulani 85.331 197.157

2 Holstein Friesian

84.916 196.199

3 Jersey 69.233 159.963

4 Simmental 60.459 149.235

Calorific values of biogas obtained from cows

Table 2. Calorific values of biogas obtained from Jersey, Simmental, Holstein and the white Fulani cows.

Conclusions :- The White Fulani, a predominant variety in Nigeria and the West-

African sub-region content the highest percentage of biogas. The methods and materials used prove that the white Fulani has the

highest percentage of bio-energy as compare to other breeds

studied. Socio-economical can be solved by the abundance of this local

breed of cows. The government and private sector need to mobilize energy

resources in cow dung, particularly the White Fulani and other

wastes to ensure energy is provided to Nigerians.

Analysis of cow dung produced fromWhite Fulani, Holstein, Jersey and Simmental :-

Fig . Analysis of cow dung produced from White Fulani, Holstein, Jersey and Simmental.

Energy generated from cow dung :

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