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The 2nd
International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313
Yogyakarta, October 14-16th
, 2010
Editor’s Note iii Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
EDITOR’S NOTE
Thank God for the publication of the Proceeding of the second International Conference on Chemical Sciences (the 2
nd ICCS 2010). In term of the number of participants, the seminar with theme
of “Chemistry Goes Green” was a successful one. There were roughly 200 participants in the Seminar.
We really regret for the postponement of the Proceeding due to unpredicted circumstances especially that of Merapi eruption on October-November 2010. However, we do hope that the delay does not affect the authors to do any kind of ensuing activities.
There were initially 5 plenary papers and 177 regular papers presented in the Seminar. Among those presented works, 96 papers were submitted to the Editor in complete format. The Editor together with the Editor of the Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (IJC) nominated 5 of them to be published in July 2011 edition of the Indonesian Journal of Chemistry. The papers chosen to be published in IJC were selected based on the quality and potential to give a significant impact to the development of the chemical sciences.
Based on the contents, the papers appeared in this Proceeding are grouped into five concentrations that are Environmental and Green Chemistry (25 papers), Chemistry in Life Science and Chemical Biology (21 papers), Information Technology in Chemical Sciences and Computational Chemistry (12 papers), Innovation in Material Chemistry, Supramolecular Chemistry and Nanotechnology (20 papers) and Innovation in Methods, Technique and Instrumentation of Analytical Chemistry (18 papers). The distribution of the papers into those areas was more or less comparable. In the process of the publication of this Proceeding, we did our best to edit the papers to match a good standard of scientific publication.
Finally, we are indebted to all parties who helped in preparing the Proceeding. We wish this Proceeding would considerably contribute to the development of chemistry and those related sciences. Editor in Chief
ISSN NO. 1410-8313 The 2nd
International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding
Yogyakarta, October 14-16th
, 2010
iv Board of Editor’s Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
BOARD OF EDITOR’S
Prof. Dr. Jumina
Dr. Dwi Siswanta, M.Eng.
Dr. Indriana Kartini
Sri Sudiono, M.Si.
The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313Yogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
The Organizing Committee 489Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
THE ADVISORS BOARD
Prof. Dr. Mult. Dr.h.c. Ali Muefit Bahadir (Germany)Prof. Dr. S. Shimazu (Japan)Prof. Dr. K. Suzuki (Japan)Prof. Dr. K. Inoue (Japan)
Prof. Dr. Mohd Noor Ahmad (Malaysia)Dr. Chairil Anwar (Indonesia)Prof. Dr. Mudasir (Indonesia)Prof. Dr. Nuryono (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Bambang Rusdiarso (Indonesia)Dr. Sutarno (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Triyono (Indonesia)Dr. Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih (Indonesia)
THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chairperson : Prof. Dr. Endang Tri Wahyuni
Vice-Chairperson : Prof. Dr. Sri Juari Santosa
Secretary : Dr. Akhmad SyoufianSuherman, M.Sc.
Treasurer : Dr. rer. nat. Adhitasari Suratman
Programs : Dr. RotoDr. Eko Sri Kunarti
Scientific Program : Prof. Dr. JuminaDr. Dwi SiswantaDr. Indriana KartiniSri Sudiono, M.Si.
Publication : Dr. Ria Armunanto
Logistic and accommodation : Sugeng Triono, M.Si.Robby Noor Cahyono, M.Sc.
Sponsorship : Dr. rer. nat. Nurul Hidayat AprilitaDr. Tri Joko RaharjoDr. Winarto Haryadi
Exhibition : Deni Pranowo, M.Si.
Secretariat staff : M. Idham. D. M, S.Si.Gian Primahana, S.Si.Enggar Kurniawan, S.Si.Rr. Dewi Arumsari, S.Si.AriniArga Nurseptha
ISSN NO. 1410-8313 The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences ProceedingYogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
490 List of ParticipantsDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
NO NAME INSTITUTION E-MAIL
1. A.B. Ahmad Fauzi Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia
fauzi_charming@yahoo.com
2. Abdulloh Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
doelabd@yahoo.com
3. Afaf Baktir Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
afafi2001@yahoo.com
4. Afnidar Open University of Jakarta,Indonesia
-
5. Agung Purwanto State University of Jakarta,Indonesia
-
6. Agus Kuncaka Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
-
7. Agusta Samodra Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
chemguzta@gmail.com
8. Agustine Susilowati Indonesian Institute ofSciences, Indonesia
agustine_1408@yahoo.co.id
9. Ahmad Makahleh Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
makahleha@yahoo.com
10. Akhmad Syoufian Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
faisalarya@hotmail.com
11. Alfinda Novi Kristanti Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
krisnosuwono@yahoo.com
12. Amalina Mohd Tajuddin Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia
amalina2501@gmail.com
13. Amanatie Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
amanatie_ama@yahoo.com
14. Amirul Al-Ashraf Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
amirul@usm.my
15. Anung R University of JendralSoedirman, Indonesia
nana_nice@rocketmail.com
16. Arie Srihardyastutie University of Brawijaya,Indonesia
arie_s@ub.ac.id
17. Artanti Melly Octaviani Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
melshaliha@yahoo.co.id
18. Aspiyanto Indonesian Institute ofSciences, Indonesia
agustine_1408@yahoo.co.id
19. Bambang Heru Santoso Universitas Indonesia,Indonesia
bambanghs@che.ui.ac.id
20. Bambang Kusnadi University of Jember,Indonesia
b_kuswandi.farmasi@unej.ac.id
The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313Yogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
List of Participants 491Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
NO NAME INSTITUTION E-MAIL
21. Bambang Sri Kaloko Sepuluh Nopember Institute ofTechnology, Indonesia
b_srikaloko@yahoo.com
22. Bayu Wiyantoko Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
bayu_w@ymail.com
23. Belgis Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
ratubelqis@gmail.com
24. Buhani Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
buhani_s@yahoo.co.id
25. Chairil Anwar Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
irilwar@yahoo.com
26. Chairunisa Ananda Open University of Jakarta,Indonesia
afnidar@mail.ut.ac.id
27. Che Su Endud Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
cse7th@yahoo.com
28. Choiril Azmiyawati Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
cazmiyawati@yahoo.com
29. D. Harneti Universitas Padjadjaran,Indonesia
d_harneti@yahoo.com
30. Daniel University of Mulawarman,Indonesia
daniel_trg08@yahoo.com
31. Daniel Wolo Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
dewolochem@gmail.com
32. Dante Alighiri Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
cruise3020@yahoo.com
33. Dedy Irawan Politeknik Negeri Samarinda,Indonesia
ddy_iwn@yahoo.com
34. Deni Pranowo Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
maspranowo@ugm.ac.id
35. Desi Suci Handayani Sebelas Maret University,Indonesia
desi_sh2006@yahoo.co.id
36. Dian Windy Dwiasi Universitas JenderalSoedirman, Indonesia
mbawindy@yahoo.com
37. Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy Universitas Padjadjaran,Indonesia
yusi_dea@yahoo.com
38. Dwi Hudiyanti Diponegoro University,Indonesia
dwi_hudiyanti@undip.ac.id
39. Dwiyati Pujimulyani Mercu Buana University,Indonesia
dwiyati2002@yahoo.com
40. Eddy Cahyono Universitas Negeri Semarang,indonesia
edkim_ugm@yahoo.com
41. Eko Sri Kunarti Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
ekokun11@yahoo.com.au
42. Elfi Susanti VH Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
bunda3f@gmail.com
43. Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
vin_iftitah@yahoo.com
44. Endang Astuti Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
eastuti_ugm@yahoo.com
ISSN NO. 1410-8313 The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences ProceedingYogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
492 List of ParticipantsDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
NO NAME INSTITUTION E-MAIL
45. Endang Tri Wahyuni Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
endtriw@yahoo.com
46. Erdawati State University of Jakarta,Indonesia
erda_wati_0912@yahoo.com
47. Faidur Rochman Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
faidurr@yahoo.com
48. Fajar Partana Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
crsfajar@gmail.com
49. Flora E. Firdaus Jayabaya University,Indonesia
flora_elvistia@yahoo.com
50. Ganden Supriyanto Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
ganden88@yahoo.com
51. Gian Primahana Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
gian27_p@yahoo.com
52. H. A. Parhusip Satya Wacana ChristianUniversity, Indonesia
hannaariniparhusip@yahoo.co.id
53. Harno Dwi Pranowo Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
harnopranowo@yahoo.com
54. Haryadi SumardiKartomidjojo
Bandung State Polytechnic,Indonesia
haryadi.tkpolban@gmail.com
55. Hasnah Muin Islamic University of Indonesia,Indonesia
hasnahmuin2002@yahoo.com
56. Hasri Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
hasriu@mail.ugm.ac.id
57. Hassan Abdullah Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
ahassan@usm.my
58. Hery Suwito Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
herys08032002@yahoo.com
59. I D. K Anom Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
dewaanom10@gmail.com
60. I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
made_wisnu84@yahoo.com
61. I Wayan Muderawan Ganesha University ofEducation, Indonesia
wayanmuderawan@yahoo.com.au
62. Iip Izul Falah Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
iip_mipa@ugm.ac.id
63. Ima Oktaviana S. Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
iota_ami@yahoo.com
64. Imam Prasetyo Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
imampras@chemeng.ugm.ac.id
65. Indra Cipta Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
indracipta_kimia@yahoo.com
66. Indriana Kartini Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
indriana@ugm.ac.id
67. Irma KartikaKusumaningrum
Malang State University,Indonesia
ikkardra@yahoo.com
68. Irmanida Batubara Bogor Agricultural University,Indonesia
ime@ipb.ac.id
The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313Yogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
List of Participants 493Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
NO NAME INSTITUTION E-MAIL
69. Istiyono Kirnoprasetyo University of Wisnuwardhana,Indonesia
iskapras @yahoo.co.id
70. Iwan Hastiawan Universitas Padjadjaran,Indonesia
yusi_dea@yahoo.com
71. Jonah Longno-Bondoc University of the Philippines,Philippines
jlbondoc@yahoo.com
72. Jorion Romengga Bogor Agricultural University,Indonesia
rion_220687@yahoo.co.id
73. Juliandri Universitas Padjadjaran,Indonesia
juliandri@gmail.com
74. Jumaeri Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
jumaeri_unnes@yahoo.com
75. Karna Wijaya Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
karna_ugm@yahoo.com
76. Kartika Sari Wijayani Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
kartika_sw@yahoo.co.id
77. Khaldun M. Al Azzam Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
azzamkha@yahoo.com
78. Komeyni Rusba Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
kom_rusba@yahoo.com
79. L. Noumie Surugau Universiti Malaysia,Malaysia
noumie05@gmail.com
80. Lina Mahardiani Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
lina80_ssa@yahoo.com
81. Lutfi Suhendra Udayana University,Indonesia
lutfisuhendra@hotmail.com
82. M. Idham. D. M Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
dham7sky@yahoo.com
83. M. Nasikin Universitas Indonesia,Indonesia
mnasikin@che.ui.ac.id
84. M. Z. Fanani Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
fanani.mz@gmail.com
85. M.F. Fatimatuzzahraa Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia
farafadzel@yahoo.co.uk
86. Maretha A Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
retha_ajawezz@yahoo.com
87. Marlina Syiah Kuala University,Indonesia
marlina_rachman@yahoo.com
88. Maulidiyah Haluoleo University,Indonesia
maulid06@yahoo.com
89. Miratul Khasanah Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
miratulkhasanah@gmail.com
90. Mohammad AbdulkarimTalaq
Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
mohamadtalaq@yahoo.com
91. MR Salina Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,Malaysia
salina@usim.edu.my
92. Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf University of Malaya, Malaysia chemaqeel@gmail.com
ISSN NO. 1410-8313 The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences ProceedingYogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
494 List of ParticipantsDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
NO NAME INSTITUTION E-MAIL
93. Muhammad Sehol Iqra University Buru – Namlea,Indonesia
msehol@yahoo.com
94. Muhammad Syahrir Universitas Negeri Makassar,Indonesia
syahrirunm@ymail.com
95. Muhayatun Santoso BATAN,Indonesia
hayat@bdg.centrin.net.id
96. N. Nurdini Universiti Teknologi MARA,Indonesia
nurdini_noordin@yahoo.com
97. Nanik Wijayati Universitas Negeri Semarang,ndonesia
alaudin99@gmail.com
98. Nia Fauziah Hardjito Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
nia.fauziah.hardjito@gmail.com
99. Nurul Widiastuti Sepuluh Nopember Institute ofTechnology, Indonesia
nurul_widiastuti@chem.its.ac.id
100. Nuryatini Indonesian Institute ofSciences, Indonesia
n_nuryatini@yahoo.com
101. Nuryono Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
nuryono_mipa@ugm.ac.id
102. Paramita R. A Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
mita.lovesblue@gmail.com
103. Parsaoran Siahaan Diponegoro University,Indonesia
parsaoran_s@undip.ac.id
104. Ponco Iswanto Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
poncoiswanto@gmail.com
105. Priatmoko Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
-
106. Priscilla Lim Ming Huei Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
plimmh@hotmail.com
107. Puji Ardiningsih Tanjungpura University,Indonesia
puji_ardiningsih@yahoo.com
108. Rachmat Triandi T. University of Brawijaya,Indonesia
anto_inorgchem@yahoo.com
109. Respati Tri Swasono Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
respati@gmail.com
110. Retno Dwi Suyanti Universitas Medan,Indonesia
dwi_hanna@yahoo.com
111. Rinaldi Idroes Syiah Kuala University,Indonesia
rinaldi.idroes@gmx.de
112. Riskiono Slamet State University of Jakarta,Indonesia
erda_wati_0912@yahoo.com
113. Rose Haque Universiti Sains Malaysia,Malaysia
rosenani@usm.my
114. Roto Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
roto05@ugm.ac.id
115. Rr. Cininta DwityaParamita
Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
cinintadwityaparamita@yahoo.com
116. Rubia Idris Universiti Malaysia Sabah,Malaysia
rubia@ums.edu.my
The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313Yogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
List of Participants 495Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
NO NAME INSTITUTION E-MAIL
117. S. N. A. Bakar Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia
jihah_abubakar@yahoo.co.uk
118. Safinah Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
safinabahanan@yahoo.com
119. S a r t o Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
sarto@chemeng.ugm.ac.id
120. Sazmal Effendi bin Arshad Universiti Malaysia Sabah,Malaysia
sazmal@ums.edu.my
121. Shane E. Perryman andSulfikar
Universitas Negeri Makassar,Indonesia
pershanell@gmail.com
122. Shinta Rosalia Dewi Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
shinta.rd17@yahoo.com
123. Siswoyo University of Jember,Indonesia
siswoyo@unej.ac.id
124. Siti Wafiroh Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
em_munir@yahoo.com
125. Soerja Koesnarpadi University of Mulawarman,Indonesia
soerja74@yahoo.com
126. Sri Juari Santosa Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
sjuari@yahoo.com
127. Sri Retno Dwi Ariani Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
edkostrad@yahoo.co.id
128. Sugeng Triono Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
sugeng_triono@yahoo.com
129. Suherman Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
herman_7735@yahoo.com
130. Suko Hardjono Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
suko.hardjono@yahoo.com
131. Sunardi Lambung Mangkurat University,Indonesia
sunardi_unlam@yahoo.co.id
132. Susanna Tuning S PTAPB – BATAN,Indonesia
susanna_ts@yahoo.com
133. Sutarno Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
sutarno_ugm@yahoo.com
134. Sutrisno Jambi University,Indonesia
sutrisnomehera@gmail.com
135. Suyanta Yogyakarta State University,Indonesia
ytakimiauny@yahoo.com.au
136. Suyanta Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
suyantakimiaugm@yahoo.co.id
137. Syazreen Nadia Sulaiman University of Malaya,Malaysia
syaz_ryn@yahoo.com.my
138. Syukria Kurniawati. Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
syukria4@yahoo.com
139. Tati Herlina Universitas Padjadjaran,Indonesia
tatat_04her@yahoo.com
140. Tigor Nauli LIPI,Indonesia
tigor@informatika.lipi.go.id
ISSN NO. 1410-8313 The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences ProceedingYogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010
496 List of ParticipantsDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
NO NAME INSTITUTION E-MAIL
141. Tri Joko Raharjo Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
trijrarvin@yahoo.com
142. Tri Mayanti Universitas Padjadjaran,Indonesia
t.mayanti@yahoo.co.id
143. Triana Kusumaningsih Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
triana.kusumaningsih@yahoo.com
144. Triyono Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
triyn102@ugm.ac.id
145. Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
tutikdw@hotmail.com
146. Tutik Setianingsih Universitas Brawijaya,Indonesia
ttk_s@yahoo.com
147. Uripto Trisno Santoso Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
uriptots@yahoo.com
148. Wega Trisunaryanti Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
wegatri@yahoo.com
149. Wulan Tri Wahyuni Bogor Agricultural University,Indonesia
wulantriws@yahoo.co.id
150. Yahmin Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
yahminoby@gmail.com
151. Yusi Deawati Universitas Padjadjaran,Indonesia
yusi_dea@yahoo.com
The 2nd
International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313
Yogyakarta, October 14-16th
, 2010
Shinta Rosalia Dewi, et al 111 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
REMOVAL OF AuCl4
- FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION THROUGH REDUCTIVE ADSORPTION ON PEAT SOIL HUMIN
Shinta Rosalia Dewi
1,*, Eko Sri Kunarti
1, Dwi Siswanta
1, Sri Juari Santosa
1*,
and Muefit Bahadir2
1
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Institute of Ecological Chemistry and Waste Analysis Faculty of Life Sciences,
Technische Universitact Braunschweig, Germany
* Corresponding author , Tel/fax: 0816-426-2984 / 0274-545188
ABSTRACT
Removal of AuCl4
- from aqueous solution through adsorption and accompanied by
reduction on peat soil humin has been done. The effect of medium acidity on the reductive adsorption as well as the kinetics and isotherm of the reductive adsorption were studied. The reductive adsorption was optimum at pH 2 and best described by Langmuir model with the capacity of 71.43 mg/g. The reductive adsorption fit well the kinetic model of first order reaching equilibrium with first order rate constant 0.001 min
-1. Diffractogram of X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and photo-optical microscope confirmed the removal of gold as gold metal. Keywords: gold, removal, reductive adsorption, humin
INTRODUCTION
he amount of electrical and electronic wastes (printed circuit board (PCBs), phone, computer, TV) are increasing
due the increase of those electrical and electronic device production, which cause serious damage to the environment because of the hazardous content of metals such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Pb [1]. Meanwhile, they are also contain precious metal, such as Ag, Au and Pd [2]. The purity of precious metals in PCBs is more than 10 times higher than that of their rich–content minerals [3], whereas cellular phone contain 200 g Au per ton of its scrap [4]. The increasing demand of electrical and electronic product which have limited industrial raw materials and dangerous waste on the environment, becomes one reason for the gold recovery.
Humic substances such as humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid are relatively inexpensive and natural polymer that environmentally benign. Previous study has shown that humic acid which contains -COOH and phenolic -OH groups had the ability to remove gold ions through reductive adsorption in acid medium [5]. Humin, one fraction of humic substances also contain -COOH and -OH functional groups and capable of binding various metals such as Cs
+, Sr
+, and Gd
2+ [6].
Based on the capability of humin to adsorps metals, which due to the presence of -COOH and phenolic -OH functional group in humin, so in this study, removal of AuCl4
-
through reductive adsorption on peat soil humin was examined. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Materials
Stock of 1000 ppm gold solution were prepared by dissolving 1 g gold metal in a minimum aquaregia (HCl/HNO3) solution, and then diluted to 1 L using 0.1 mol/L HCl. HCl and NaOH were purchased from Merck and used without purification. Instrumentation
A pH meter (Horiba F-52) was used for pH measurements. Shaker (Marius Instrument) was used to shaking solution. Spectrophotometer UV-visible (Shimadzu UV-1601) was used to determine the concentration of AuCl4
- Photo-optical
microscope (Ephitot+ Nikon D60) was used to observe the gold metal obtained. X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Shimadzu 6000) was used to determine the crystalline phases of gold metal.
T
ISSN NO. 1410-8313 The 2nd
International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding
Yogyakarta, October 14-16th
, 2010
112 Shinta Rosalia Dewi, et al Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Procedure Preparation of peat soil humin
Humin was isolated from peat soil collected from South Kalimantan. Isolation of humin was based on traditional alkali extraction, with 0.1 M NaOH and purified with 0.1M HCl/0.5M HF. Reductive adsorption experiment
The batch reductive adsorption experiment were performed in Polyetilen bottles (0.010 g peat soil humin with 10 mL of gold solution of known initial concentration) shaked at desired temperature. Gold solution was adjusted to pH 1.0 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 by HCl or NaOH for the investigations of the effect of pH. Kinetics of adsorption of AuCl4
- on humin was studied at various contact
time (5 min – 25 h). Isotherm adsorption of AuCl4
- on humin was studied at various
concentration (15-400 mg/L). The AuCl4-
concentration was determined by Spectrofotometer UV-Vis, and gold metal was confirmed by XRD and photo-optical microscope. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of pH
Effect of pH on the removal of AuCl4-
(Figure. 1) showed that the removal was optimum at pH 2 (acid medium). In that pH, functional groups of humin should be protonated and have positively partial charged, and species of AuCl4
- at pH 2 was dominant.
The removal of AuCl4- on humin is due to the
positively charged surface of humin and it interacts with negatively charged species of AuCl4
- by electrostatic attraction.
Figure 1. Effect of pH on the removal of AuCl4- onto
humin from aqueous solution
Kinetic adsorption The effect of contact time on the
removal of AuCl4- are shown in Figure 2. It is
clearly indicated that equilibrium was reached within 15 h contact time.
Figure 2. Effect of contact time on the removal of
AuCl4- onto humin from aqueous solution
The observed data were fitted with the first order of Santosa kinetic model, reaction is given as [7]:
where CA is the concentration of AuCl4
-
species in solution (mol/L), CA0 is initial concentration of AuCl4
- species (mol/L), t is
contact time (min), k and K are adsorption rate constant (min
-1) and adsorption equilibrium
constant (L/mol), respectively. They could be determined from slope and intercepts of linear plot of
. versus of .
A plot of as
function of as shown in Figure 3., resulted linear relationship with correlation coefficient (R
2) of 0.960. From the slope and intercept,
the value of k and K were evaluated as 0.001 min
-1 and 16,401 L/mol, respectively.
The 2nd
International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313
Yogyakarta, October 14-16th
, 2010
Shinta Rosalia Dewi, et al 113 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Figure 3. Relationship between ln(Co/Ca)/Ca and
t/Ca
Adsorption isotherm
Figure 4. shows the removal isotherm of AuCl4
- in acid medium. The removal of AuCl4
-
increased with increasing of AuCl4- equilibrium
concentrations in low concentration regions and plateaus were observed at high concentration regions exhibiting a Langmuir type adsorption. The removal data was then fitted with the following Langmuir equation:
Ce/qe = (1/qm) Ce + (1/K.qm)
where qe is the amount adsorbed at equilibrium (mg/g) and Ce is the equilibrium concentration in solution (mg/L), qm and KL are Langmuir isotherm constant which are related to maximum adsorption capacity and equilibrium constant, respectively, were determined from slope and intercepts of linear plots of Ce/qe versus Ce.
Figure 4. Relationship between Ce/qe and Ce
As shown in Figure 4, the plot is lying on
a linear line with a correlation factor (R2) of
0.990. From the slope of this curve, the maximum loading capacity of humin for AuCl4
-
was evaluated as 71.43 mg/g while the value of KL was evaluated from the intercept as 0.068 L/mg.
XRD analyses of humin were perform after the removal of AuCl4
-. The XRD
diffractogram confirmed the formation of gold metal during the removal (Figure 5.) with sharp
peaks at 2 values of 38; 44; 64; and 77o,
that corresponding to gold metal as observed by Nakajima et al. [8].
Figure 5. X-ray diffraction pattern of humin taken
after the removal of AuCl4-
Figure 6. shows the photo-optical microscope of humin after the removal of AuCl4
-. This figure shows that the black
patches are humin, while bright patches are aggregate of gold metal as the reduction product of AuCl4
-.
Figure 6. Photo-optical microscope image of gold
aggregates formed during removal of AuCl4
- on humin (200x magnification)
ISSN NO. 1410-8313 The 2nd
International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding
Yogyakarta, October 14-16th
, 2010
114 Shinta Rosalia Dewi, et al Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Thus, the removal of AuCl4-
proceeds through adsorption on humin and then followed by reduction to gold metal by phenolic -OH of humin, as presented in the following reaction:
AuCl4
- + 3Ar-OH Au
0 + 3Ar=O + 3H
+ +4Cl
-
where, Ar (aryl) is aromatic chain of humin.
CONCLUSION
Humin, one fraction of peat soil contained -COOH and phenolic -OH groups and had capability for removal of AuCl4
-
through adsorption and followed by reduction. Reductive adsorption of AuCl4
- from solution
was optimum in acid medium (pH 2). Removal of AuCl4
- on humin fitted well the first order of
Santosa kinetic model and Langmuir Isotherm with rate constant of 0.001 min
-1 and maximum
capacity of 71,43 mg/g, respectively. Reduction of AuCl4
- to gold metal occurred
because of phenolic -OH in humin was oxidated. The presence of gold metal has been shown by the appearance of four peaks
at 2 of 38; 44; 64; and 77o in the
diffractogram of XRD and by the photo-optical microscope.
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