economy first: regional clusters crossing borders · regional clusters crossing borders espon...

Economy First: Regional Clusters Crossing Borders

ESPON WorkshopLuxembourg, 5 November 2009

Göran LindqvistCSC, Stockholm School of Economics

AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

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IVORY TOWER

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Cluster Mapping

Cluster Library

Regional Framework Conditions

Collaboration Platform

www.clusterobservatory.eu

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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

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Co-location of industries

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Local (not clustered)

Cluster category 1

Cluster category 2

The ”cluster sector” represents about 1/3 of all employment

About 65% of employment

About 35%of employment

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About 500industries,38 cluster categories

About 250 NUTS-2 regions

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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 20099

Cluster mapping projects

v. 1.2

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

US SWE ECO v. 1.0EU-10

Porter:

• US cluster codes• Mapping of the US

Lindqvist, Malmberg & Sölvell:• Translation of US

codes to EU codes• Mapping of Sweden,

first application in Europe

Ketels, Sölvell, Lindqvist :

• Mapping of EU-10• Star measurement

system developed

Sölvell, Ketels, Lindqvist & Protsiv :• Mapping of EU-

27+4• Launch of the

European Cluster Observatory

Lindqvist, Protsiv , Sölvell & Ketels :• Revision of cluster

codes based on European data

• Introduction of prioritised sectors (e.g. creative industries)

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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

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Regional totals vs. geo-coded data

Ind. A: 260Ind. B: 310Ind. C: 100Ind. D: 190Ind. E: 240 Ind. A: 130

Ind. B: 110Ind. C: 90Ind. D: 0Ind. E: 0

Ind. A: 140Ind. B: 130Ind. C: 0Ind. D: 110Ind. E: 230

Ind. A: 120Ind. B: 250Ind. C: 80Ind. D: 0Ind. E: 0

Disproportionalitymeasures:

Gini, Krugman, Theil, etc.

Agglomerationmeasures:Ripley’s K,

“Lindqvist’s Q”

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Agglomeration and co-location

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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

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Rural Urban

rural, dispersed

rural, concentrated

urban, dispersed

urban, concentrated

Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”

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Concentration:the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of

the same industrymore than with firms in general

Urbanisation:the tendency of firms to

co-locate with firms of any industry

more than firms in general do

Clusters

Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”

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Rural categoriesAerospace MaritimeAgricultural products Metal manufacturingApparel Paper productsAutomotive PharmaceuticalsBuilding fixtures, equip. and serv. PlasticsChemical products Power gen. and transmissionConstruction materials Production technologyConstruction Processed foodEntertainment* Sporting, recr. and childr. goodsFarming and animal husbandry Stone quarriesFootwear TextilesFurniture TobaccoHeavy machinery Transportation and logisticsLeather products Tourism and hospitalityLighting and electrical equipment

Urban categoriesAnalytical instrumentsBusiness servicesBiotechDistributionEducation and knowl. creationFinancial servicesITJewellery and precious metalsMedical devicesOil and gasPublishing and mediaTelecom

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Agglomeration depends on the range

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The urban-rural shift

0.5

1.

2.

4.

8.

16.

32.

0.016 0.031 0.063 0.125 0.25 0.5 1. 2. 4.

concen

tration

urbanisation

swine farmersegg farmers meat wholesalers

agricultural wholesalers

security brokers

non-life insurance

1 km

5 km

25 km

125 km

1 km

1 km

1 km

1 km

Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”

Rural Urban

Dispersed

Concentrated

AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

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A flexible online cluster mapping tool

User-defined regions

Combine NUTS-2

User-definedsectors

Combine NACE-4

Specialregions

Baltic, Mediterranean, Danube

Specialsectors

Creative industries, eco, etc.

Defaultregions

mostly NUTS-2

Defaultsectors

about 40 categories = allconcentrated industries

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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

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Contact

Göran Lindqvist, PhDCenter for Strategy and CompetitivenessStocholm School of Economicswww.sse.edu/cscgoran.lindqvist@hhs.se+46 8 7369524

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