eba-related he and r&d in estonia jaan kõrgesaar rīga, august 30, 2006
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EBA-related EBA-related
HE and R&D in EstoniaHE and R&D in Estonia
Jaan Kõrgesaar
Rīga, August 30, 2006
Mirror, mirror on the wall… In 1988, 1st (private) EBA-school was
set up, close to the 1st “nouveaux privé” HEI
17 539 students on all levels, ~25,7% from student body; 85,6% of them fee-paying: changes ahead (?)
162 or ~13,9% from all acting study programs
... who’s the fairest of them all? EBA-programmes in 21 HEI-s (54%), rest
have “administration” etc programmes with some EBA-studies embedded
Prof Väino Rajangu’s guess: formal diversity in programme titles contrasting missing “real” diversity in content to be found elsewhere
1988-1995 initial modernization of subject content, from ‘2002 “Bologna’s” shift to the initial broad social science base
HE rated by … Programme accreditation (full or
conditional; negative means closure)
EBA: graduate school (UT, TTU, BoE)
EBA: PhD studies fully accr.in UT, TTU – cond.
Warmhouse for PhD studies, but graduate’s outlook in academic environment to be improved
HE Policy & Strategy Social sciences, EBA incl. not in
“most favoured” status by governmental HE financing scheme
EBA-tribalism? Same quality standards applied but …
Contrasting “consumer behaviour” and public mood
R&D Structure in Estonia
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (TAN)
RIIGIKOGU (Parliament)
RESEARCH COMPETENCY
COUNCIL
OTHER MINISTRIES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (TAN)
RIIGIKOGU (Parliament)
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
ESTONIAN SCIENCE
FOUNDATION
TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (ESTAG)
UNIVERSITIES
STATE R&D INSTITUTIONS
PRIVATE R&D INSTITUTIONS
GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC R&D INSTITUTION
S
State agencies
private
public
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH
MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND ECONOMY
COMPETITIVNESS COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (TAN)
RIIGIKOGU (Parliament)
RESEARCH COMPETENCY
COUNCIL
INNOVATION POLICY
COMMISSION
RESEARCH POLICY
COMMISSION
6
R&D financing system in Estonia
UniversitiesResearch Institutes
Research Institutes
Research Labs of Private Business Sector
Estonian Technology
Agency
Estonian Science
Foundation
Research Grant Financing
• Research & productdevelopment projects• Technology programs in priority areas
Institutional Target Financing
• Basic financing• Financing of Infra-structures
OtherMinistries
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
National R&D Programmes
Research Competency
Council
State Bodies Public Institutions Private Organizations
Ministry of Education and Research
7
R&D expenditure and funding sources in Estonia (2004) and elsewhere (2002)
8
Estonia Finland Sweden EU-25
R&D expenditures
GERD (% GDP) 0.91 3.51 4.27 1.93
BERD (%GERD) 39 68.6 76.7 65.0
R&D financing (%) (2003)
State 48.6 26 21 34
Private sector 33 71 72 56
Foreign sources 15.2 3 4 7
Sources of financing R&D, 2002
Source: Eurostat, New Cronos, OECD, MSTI database
29
31
32
33
30
42
47
49
54
56
56
66
71
72
54
61
61
49
59
36
27
39
42
34
41
32
26
21
14
5
5
15
10
22
21
7
3
7
2
2
3
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Estonia
Poland
Portugal
Estonia (2003)
Hungary
Austria
United Kingdom
Spain
Czech Republic
EU 25 (2001, ~)
Slovak Republic
Germany
Finland
Sw eden (2001)
%
Abroad
Government
Business
9
R&D spending per researcher, 2002R&D spending per researcher, 2002Full-time
researchersR&D annual spending per researcher in
thousands EEK
Annual state allocation per researcher in
thousands EEK
From state(%)
From abroad
(%)
Science 859 257 184 72 20
Technology 568 192 116 60 21
Medicine 176 369 290 79 16
Agriculture 170 336 299 89 6
Social sciences 391 176 113 64 19
Humanities 430 194 168 87 6
Public sector 2595 232 170 73 16
with support personnel added
6342 95 70
Private sector 464 576 57,6 10 10Allikas: Eesti Statistikaamet
35% 37% 37 37 36,5 33,9 31,8
25% 25% 19 18 18 20,9 20,7
16%11
9,6 10,8 11,210,6
13% 9%
14 9,5 9,1 12,4
7% 9%9 11
11,4 11,9 10,9
10% 9% 11 11 13,8 13,1 13,6
10%
12
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1995 1997 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004
Other
Humanities
Social sciences
Agriculture
Medicine
Technology
Natural sciences
R&D spending by research areas
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Un
ga
ri
Ee
sti
Ta
an
i
Lä
ti
Kü
pro
s
Iirim
aa
Sa
ksa
ma
a
No
rra
Be
lgia
Isla
nd
Bu
lga
ari
a
Po
ola
Tsh
eh
hi
Ro
ots
i
So
om
e
Po
rtu
ga
l
Le
ed
u
His
pa
an
ia
Ru
me
en
ia
Slo
vee
nia
Slo
vakk
ia
Humanities
0
5
10
15
20
25
Slo
vee
nia
Norra
Iirim
aa
Küpros
Po
rtugal
Soom
e
Slo
vak
kia
Rootsi
Taani
Unga
ri
Be
lgia
Läti
Ee
sti
His
paan
ia
Rum
een
ia
Isla
nd
Lee
du
Sa
ksam
aa
Tshe
hh
i
Poola
Bu
lgaaria
Social sciences
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Rootsi
Taani
Norra
Isla
nd
Soom
e
Belg
ia
Saksam
aa
His
paania
Rum
eenia
Ungari
Poola
Läti
Eesti
Slo
vakkia
Portugal
Slo
veenia
Iirim
aa
Tshehhi
Leedu
Bulg
aaria
Küpros
Medicine
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Rum
een
ia
Po
ola
Tshehhi
Belg
ia
So
om
e
Rootsi
Läti
Iirim
aa
Portugal
Saksam
aa
Isla
nd
Slo
veenia
Slo
vakkia
Bulg
aaria
His
paan
ia
Ungari
Eesti
Lee
du
Norra
Taani
Kü
pros
Technology
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Bulg
aaria
Küpros
Isla
nd
Ungari
Slo
vakkia
Portugal
Belg
ia
Norra
Leedu
Taani
Poola
Eesti
His
paania
Tshehhi
Slo
veenia
Läti
Soom
e
Rootsi
Saksam
aa
Rum
eenia
Iirim
aa
Agriculture
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Lee
du
Tsh
ehhi
Slo
vakkia
His
paania
Küpros
Saksam
aa
Eesti
Iirim
aa
Bulg
aaria
Slo
veenia
Rum
eenia
Poola
Portugal
Läti
Taa
ni
Ungari
Norra
Soom
e
Belg
ia
Rootsi
Isla
nd
Science
Relative funding of research areas, Estonia vs EU (2002)
EBA as not the most competitive field of research R&D funding Publications Citation Brain drain in 1990s
So, how much, then?
0,00
500 000,00
1 000 000,00
1 500 000,00
2 000 000,00
2 500 000,00
3 000 000,00
3 500 000,00
4 000 000,00
4 500 000,00
Sum
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
Governmental allocations for economics research in Estonia
Targeted f inancing Grant f inancing
Individual research grants
0,00
20 000,00
40 000,00
60 000,00
80 000,00
100 000,00
120 000,00
140 000,00
160 000,00
Sum
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
Individual research grants in economics
Average grant
Targeted financing or InstResGrant
0,00
100 000,00
200 000,00
300 000,00
400 000,00
500 000,00
600 000,00
Sum
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
Institutional research grants in economics
Average sum for project
Getting better since 2000 Grants, EU programs, 6th FW incl. Evaluation exercise ‘2000: transition-
shock survival rated for 5 Ss (2 institutions, 3 faculties with TarFEBA ****; EIE and 2 fac-s *** and EBS **; MoreFundRes!). 2008?
Consultancy and applied research – success or substitution
PhD-employees, Harvard incl. emerge locally and gradually (Bank of Estonia)
Strategy of R&D&I, 2007-2013, approved on June 1, 2006
R&D from GDP 2008: 1,5% 2010: 1,9% 2014: 3,0% 47% from EU structural funds
Development and motivation of human capital Efficient administration of public-sector R&D&I Increased innovation capacity of enterprises Policies targeted to long-term development
Challenges ahead Administratively in the area of R&D&I:
Enough capable persons
Competitive infrastructure
Targeting needs and capacities of Estonia
Steadily increasing financing
Both quality and quantity of R&D R&D employees: 8 researchers and
engineers per 1000 employees
80% of R&D infrastructure modernized or built up anew
1200 research publications annually
5 times more patents
Applied research Following specific quality criteria
Specific role of the client (applier/subscriber)
Rules to provide state support
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