eat 443 built environment

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENTDegree In Environmental Engineering

Prepared By: Ir. Muhammad Arkam Bin Che Munaaim, PEng, IntPEMSc. B Tech (Energy) (USM), B. Elec. Eng. (Hons) (UTM), Dip. Elec. Eng (Power) (UTM).MIEM, MIET, MIEEE, ASEAN Eng, APEC Eng, EMF IntPE, Chartered Eng (ASEAN), SPAN QP.

School of Environmental EngineeringUniversity Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)Tel: 04 979 8988 Email: arkam@unimap.edu.my arkam@engineer.com

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Al Quran, Al Baqarah, 2:

“And when Abraham and Ishmael were raising the

foundations of the House, (Abraham prayed): Our Lord!

Accept from us (this duty). Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Hearer, the Knower. (127)”

BUILDING ENGINEERING

EAT 151 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING ENGINEERING UniMAP

Building?Building is an assembly of construction materials that are fastened to one another, as well as the ground itself, in such a way as to provide shelter for living things, machinery, possessions or other elements. (The Structural Engineering’s Professional Training Manual)

Building is a fixed structure for human occupancy and use. (Dictionary of Engineering, McGraw Hill)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Engineering?Engineering is the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building and use of engines, machines and structures (Oxford Compact English )

Engineering is creative design and analysis that uses energy, materials, motion, and information to serve human needs in innovative ways (An Introduction to Engineering and Design – 2nd Edition – Philip Kosky , George Wise, Robert Balmer, William Keat)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Engineering? (Cont…)Engineering is defined as the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind by the Accreditation Board for Engineering Technology (ABET).

Engineering encompasses science and art, mathematics and creativity, models and approximations. (John Hopkins University)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Building Engineering?

Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, or building engineering is the engineering of the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.

It essentially brings buildings and structures to life.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Building Engineering?

Building engineers are responsible for the design, installation, operation and maintaining of the mechanical, electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Modern buildings are built to create better, consistent, and productive environments in which to work and to live.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

BUILT ENVIRONMENT?

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

• The term built environment refers to the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter and buildings to neighbourhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply or energy networks. The built environment is a material, spatial and cultural product of human labour that combines physical elements and energy in forms for living, working and playing.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

• In practice, the term is typically used to describe the interdisciplinary field which addresses the design, construction, management and use of these man-made surroundings as an interrelated whole as well as their relationship to human activities over time (rather than a particular element in isolation or at a single moment in time).

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Buildings must be designed with features to provide:Better lightingComfortable space temperature, Comfortable humidity and air qualityConvenient power and communication capabilityHigh quality sanitation; andReliable systems for the protection of life and property.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What does a modern building need to do?

Control rain and ground waterControl heat flow, airflow and water vapor flowControl light and solar radiationControl noise and vibrationControl contaminants, environmental hazards, odors, etc.Control fireProvide strength and rigidityBe durableBe aesthetically pleasingBe economical

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Happens When Building Failed?:We waste energyWe waste materialsPeople are uncomfortableCondition are unsafeConditions are unhealthyComponents or systems fails

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Strategies To Keep Indoor Condition CoolDehumidificationCoolingNatural VentilationShading

Strategies to reduce thermal stress caused by hot & humid climate.

In ASEAN, building consumes 1/3 of all electricity produced. Alarming because Malaysia is among fastest developing countries in the world.

(A Zain Ahmed, 2008)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Malaysia’s Typical Climate:Small variation in monthly temperatures (less than 8°C)Hottest month (36°C), Coolest (25.9°C)Relative Humidity (55-70%)Wind speed are quite low mean value 1.2m/sRainfall exceeds 200mm/month for 8 month of the year

(A Zain Ahmed, 2008)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

1-Encourage design of new and existing building: Constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that reduces the use of energy.2-Provide minimum criteria and standard for energy efficiency 3-Provide guidance for EE that demonstrate good professional judgment and minimum exceed minimum criteria4-Encourage the application of RE in new and existing building and minimize non-renewable energy sources.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Objective Statement:

“To encourage the application of renewable energy in new and existing buildings to minimize non renewable energy sources, pollution and energy consumption whist maintaining comfort, health and safety of the occupants”

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Sustainable Design Approach:

A combined architectural, engineering, site planning and landscaping (multidisciplinary) approach to design and energy conscious building should optimize the energy efficiency of a building especially in employing combined passive and active devices.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS-MALAYSIAWhat Can We Do?

MS 1525:2007: 4.2 Passive design strategy

The design and construction of a building which takes optimal advantage of its environment need not impose any significant extra cost as compared to a more highly serviced building. All buildings have a primary function to provide an internal environment suitable for the purpose of the building. The architectural consideration in designing a building is influenced by its responsiveness to the immediate environment. The important factors that should beconsidered include the following:

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?Passive Design Factors Affecting Energy Use In Buildings

The building layout, planning, design, shape, fabric and construction cover a wide number of variables that affect building energy requirements.

1) Size and Shape2) Building Orientation3) Planning & Layout4) Thermo Physical Properties5) Window System6) Construction Details

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?MS 1525:2007: 4.2 Passive design strategy:

a) Building orientation;b) Building configuration (geometry and layout);c) Effective room depth;d) Floor to ceiling height;e) Location of cores;f) Building façade;g) Internal layout;h) Fenestrations;i) Building materials;j) Roof design and colour; andk) Landscaping and shading.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?

DAYLIGHTING

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?

How to daylight: Daylighting is a systems approach. The Considerations:

Orientation and footprint , Climate, region and general availability of natural light , How Buildings Use Energy, Urban vs. suburban , Floor to floor/floor to ceiling heights , Window to wall ratios , Placement of glazing , Toplighting, sidelighting or both , Glazing performance (visible light transmittance, etc.) , Exterior shading and solar control , Interior shading and solar control , Integration with electric lighting systems (lighting power densities, controls and electric lighting design) , Reduced cooling loads (note: discuss cool daylighting) , Interior design (color, reflectance, furniture selection) , Floor plan (how far will daylight penetrate?)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?

The Basics: Toplighting and Sidelighting

Toplighting brings daylight into the building from above through clerestories, skylights, tubular skylights, sawtooth designs, etc. Daylight that enters the building above 10 feet, even if it's through a vertical opening, is referred to as toplighting.

Sidelighting brings daylight into the building from the side through windows, curtainwalls, etc.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?

How to daylight: General Daylighting Principles:1) Avoid direct sunlight on critical task and excessive brightness.2) Bring the daylight at high location3) Filter the daylight4) Bounce daylight off of surrounding surfaces5) Integrated daylight with other building systems and strategies

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?

How to daylight: Light Distribution Strategies:1) Use sloped or curved ceiling planes2) Optimize overhangs based on window height and latitude3) Incorporate light shelves with windows where appropriate4) Employ baffles, louvers and reflectors as appropriate.5) Integrate daylighting with luminious ceiling systems

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 446 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY Degree In Environmental Engineering UniMAP

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS-MALAYSIAWhat Can We Do?

Daylight: Do and Don’t:

Don't do daylighting without controls to manage the electric lighting levels.Do understand basic lighting design elements before starts.Do understand that daylighting is a systems approach.Don't underestimate yourself or your team.Do get some basic software and training to help give you basic daylighting design rules and strategies.Don't believe there is only one way to daylight a building.

What Can We Do?

Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies

A Survey Of Energy Efficient Strategies For Effective Air Conditioning (2003)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Strategies To Keep Indoor Condition CoolDehumidificationCoolingNatural VentilationShading

Strategies to reduce thermal stress caused by hot & humid climate.

In ASEAN, building consumes 1/3 of all electricity produced. Alarming because Malaysia is among fastest developing countries in the world.

(A Zain Ahmed, 2008)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

What Can We Do?

Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies

Conserve air conditioning energy is to properly maintain the buildings such that the cooled air is not vented into the atmosphere.Develop, frequently update and enforce daily, weekly and monthly occupation schedules for each air conditioned space so that cooling is provided only when it is requiredAwareness campaign: People need to be educated about and made conscious of saving A/C related to energy.

(Omar M Al-Rabghi, 2003)

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies

Maintain The Air Conditioning As Recommended:

1. Follow manufacturer recommendations for maintenance, part replacement and operation.

2. Periodically visually inspect the system for leakage, noise, vibration and follow up normal operation and take corrective measures.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies

3. Monitor the outputs from available measuring devices, compare them with manufacturers’ recommendations and take necessary corrective action.

5. Periodically replace filters, both fresh air filters and fan coil filters.

6. Draw up occupancy schedules and update these frequently. Run the A/C equipment in accordance with occupancy schedules in order to satisfy the occupants while at the same time saving energy.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies

Use The Correct Air Conditioning Type For Correct Purposes...!

Then use it Correctly…!

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

WINDOW TYPE AIR CONDITIONING

SPLIT UNIT AIR CONDITIONING

DUCTED TYPE AIR CONDITIONING

We Can Save Energy and Money in Existing BuildingsRetrofit to save energyInsulate and plug leaksUse energy efficient windowStop other heating or cooling losesHeat house more efficientlyHeat water more efficientlyUse energy efficient appliances for lighting, etc.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Superintending Officer/Behalf

Project Architect

Civil & Structure Engineer

Quantity Surveyor Mechanical & Electrical Engineer

Main Contractor

Subcontractors/Suppliers

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

01: Site Possession 06: M&E Services

02: Earthworks 07: Finishing Works

03: Sub Structures 08: Testing & Commissioning

04: Superstructures 09: Handover

05: Roof, Wall, Floors 10: Defect & Warranty

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EARTHWORKS Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

SUBSTRUCTURES WORKS

Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

SUPERSTRUCTURES WORKS

Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

ROOFING WORKS Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

WALL WORKS Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 151 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING ENGINEERING UniMAPBUILDING ENGINEERING

Construction Phase

FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase

FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

TESTING & COMMISSIONING

Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

TESTING & COMMISSIONING

Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

TESTING & COMMISSIONING

Construction Phase

THIS IS ACTUAL DISCHARGE!

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

TESTING & COMMISSIONING

Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

PROJECT HANDOVER Construction Phase

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP

Knowledge and education is important in preserving our environment. Young generation should be educated with this understanding in order to have environmental-awareness community.

Awareness and encouragement from government and authorities is utmost and the only way to materialized this mission towards sustainable earth.

Thank you.

EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP