easec10-mitigation natural disasters · • earthquake • tsunami • meteor strike warning time...
Post on 14-Mar-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1
Paper Presented at EASEC10 BANGKOK
AUGUST 5, 2006
Mitigation of Natural Disasters
byChan Wirasinghe
Department of Civil EngineeringAnd IIIRR
2
NATURAL DISASTER
A natural event that causes
great damage, suffering
andloss of life.
3
NATURAL DISASTER
PROBABILITY• River flood• Flashflood/Mud-slide• Earth-slip• Cyclone• earthquake• Tsunami• Meteor strike
WARNING TIME• Cyclone• River flood• Tsunami• Earth-slip• Flashflood/Mud-slide• Earthquake• Meteor strike
4
DEVASTATION• Meteor strike• Tsunami• Cyclone• River flood• Tornado• Earth slip• Flashflood/Mud
slide
MANAGEABILITY• River flood• Flashflood/mud
slide• Earthslip• Cyclone• Tornado• Tsunami• Meteor Strike
NATURAL DISASTER
5
Asteroid Strike, Siberia, 1908
View from Kirensk, 2 seconds before explosion View from Vanavara trading post, at the time of the explosion
15 km from ground zero 170 km Southwest from ground zerohttp://www.psi.edu/projects/siberia/siberia.html
6
DISASTER MITIGATION• CONTINUOUS PRE – PLANNING• INSTALLATION OF PLANS,
“SAFEGUARDS”, DETECTION & WARNING SYSTEMS
• REAL-TIME MANAGEMENT• IMMEDIATE POST-DISASTER
RESCUE • MEDIUM TERM RECOVERY• LONG TERM RECOVERY• UPDATING OF “PRE-PLANNING”
ACTIVITY
7
even
t
dete
ctio
n
com
mun
icat
ion
war
ning
issu
ed
mit
igat
ion
orga
nize
d
evac
uati
on
resc
ue
cov
reer
y
Loss
( )
Activity
timeα
high
low
early
late no activity
no activityno evacuation
no rescue
no evacuation
no rescue
fast
track
sufficient
time
high
low
Loss Acvtivity Diagram−
8
SRI LANKA
• SMALL• SURROUNDED BY
OCEAN• SIGNIFICANT
SEISMICITY TO EAST AND WEST
• HIGH RAINFALL• MOUNTAINOUS• CYCLONES FROM
BAY OF BENGAL• DEVELOPING
COUNTRY
⊗⊗⊗
⊗⊗
⊗⊗
⊗
Western Array Node
Eastern Array Node
⊗−−
9
Simulated Inundations
Alex Braun, University of Calgary, Canada
10
Tsunami Detection Arrays
A node in an array of detectors
Communications, Signal Processingand Real-time Detection System
11
DE
DW
DS0
0
DW
00DE
0
000
0
00
DoNot
hing
E Coast−
W Coast−
&EW
Coast
−
[ ]DN E W SE c eD wD sD= + +
[ ]E W EE c wD K= +
[ ]W E WE c eD K= +
&[ ]E W E WE c K K= +
e
e
e
e
w
w
w
w
s
s
s
s
r
r
r
r
Decision Tree for choice of Tsunami Detection SystemNotes: e,w,s – probabilities in a given year
D – cost of lossesK – cost of system per year
1r e w s= − − −
12
Compare E&W with E Only• Install E&W-coast
detection systemsif
&[ ] [ ]E W EE c E c<
E W W EK K wD K+ < +
W
W
Kw
D>
13
Tsunami Questions• Probability of W-coast
tsunami• Will E&W –coast
detectors also cover the south?
• Effect of meteor strike in the ocean
• Planning wave “height”for a tsunami
• Optimal spacing and maintenance cycleof detection buoys given P (malfunction or theft)
⊗⊗
OPTχΔ
OPTχΔ
Source- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake
14
NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR LONG TERM DISASTER MITIGATION
• CLARIFY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES-- INTERNATIONAL > DISTRICT >
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL• ESTABLISH AN
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE-- DISASTER RESEARCH,
PLANNING, EDUCATION, PREPARATION AND MANAGEMENT
• ESTABLISH A CULTURE OF SELF MOTIVATION-- THE WORST DISASTERS HAVE
THE LOWEST PROBABILITIES OF OCCURANCE AND THE LEAST WARNING
• INSTALL THE REQUIRED DETECTION, COMMUNICATION, WARNING AND EVACUATION SYSTEMS
• CHOOSE AND UPDATE THE APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES
• BUILD THE SYSTEMS & STRUCTURES REQUIRED TO REDUCE DAMAGE
• UNDERTAKE AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW EVERY DECADE
15
ROLES OF SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
TRADITIONAL• STUDIES• RESEARCH• DESIGN• OPERATIONS• TEACHING• TECHNOLOGICAL
“ADVICE”• POLICY “ADVICE”
REQUIRED• TRADITIONAL• POLICY “DEVELOPMENT &
IMPLEMENTATION”
• PLANNING
• LEADERSHIP!
• LEADERSHIP!!• LEADERSHIP!!!
16
PROPOSALS
“Arizona’s Meteor Crater was the first impact crateridentified on Earth. Scientists believe an asteroid80 feet (27 meters) in diameter created the 1.2 kilometerarea 20,000 to 50,000 years ago. The crater also has thedistinction of being NASA’s testing ground for Mars mission Equipment” [ www.nationalgeographic.com]
• NATIONAL DISASTER RESEARCH AND PLANNING NETWORK WITH SPECIALISED CENTERS AT EACH RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
• NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION CENTER WITH SISTER PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
• CLOSE INTERACTION WITHIN SAARC
• DEVELOP PLANS FOR TSUNMAI’S, FLOODS,
CYCLONES ETC.
• THINK OF, & PLAN FOR, THE “UNTHINKABLE”:
TEN YEARS OF SUSTAINED DROUGHT?TSUNAMI FROM THE WEST?LARGE METEOR STRIKE IN OCEAN SOUTH OF
SL?RADIO ACTIVE CLOUD FROM A REGIONAL
NUCLEAR WAR?
17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• A. Madanayake -Discussions, web research and presentation
• A. Braun - Discussions, development of slides 8 & 9
• J. Fernando and R. Galappatti - Discussions and motivation
• University of Calgary -Financial support
18
Univ. of Moratuwa, Sri LankaUniv. of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Univ. of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
Univ. of Calgary, Canada
Arizona State Univ., USA Univ. of South Florida, USA
International Institute for Infrastructure Renewal and Reconstruction
Univ. British Columbia, Canada
Founder and Convenor: Professor S.C.WirasingheCo-Convenor: Professor L.L. Ratnayake
Univ. of Stuttgart, Germany
top related