earthsci - reviewer

Lithosphere and Atmosphere

reviewer for third quarter:

EARTH SCIENCE

The observation that the continents fit together like puzzle pieces, and may once have been connected, led Alfred Wegener to propose a theory in 1910 called

a. continental plowingb. continental driftc. wandering continentsd. shape matching of continents

The essence of Wegener's idea was sound, based on some scientific observations. Which of the following supported his theory?

a.Matching fossil plant remains found on two different continentsb.Matching reptile remains found on two different continentsc.nearly identical sedimentary rock types of same age in widely separated locationsd.all of the above

The development of submarine warfare during World War II created a pressing need to map the ocean floor. This actually led to research on the ocean floor that would help explain the movement of the continents. What tool was used to do this mapping?

a. underwater camerasb. sonar surveysc. studies of living thingsd. rock sampling

Scientists found that the continents were moving apart from each other due to magma rising out of mid-ocean ridges, and they called this

a. sea floor spreadingb. sea floor risingc. changing sea floord. underwater volcanoes

Plate tectonics is our current theory of how the movement of continental masses relates to the movement of ocean basins. This movement explains many phenomena, such as

a. earthquakesb. volcanoesc. weather patternsd. all of the above

Plate margins are places where much activity occurs. Earthquakes occur, for example, along convergent margins, where plates are

a. moving apartb. sliding past each otherc. Collidingd. Not moving

Scientists found that the continents were moving apart from each other due to magma rising out of mid-ocean ridges, and they called this

a. sea floor spreadingb. sea floor risingc. changing sea floord. underwater volcanoes

Plate tectonics, or the movement of pieces of Earth's crust, is thought to be caused by

a.volcanoesb.earthquakesc.convection currents in Earth's mantled.hot spots

The man who pioneered the continental drift hypothesis was

a. Tuzo Wilsonb. Herman Hessc. Alfred Wegenerd. Andrija Mohorovicic

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed near the end of Paleozoic?

a. Laurentiab. Euro-Asiac. Ameri-Africad. Pangea

Three basic types of plate boundaries are

a.divulgent, convergent, and transform faultb.divergent, convergent, and transform faultc.direct, indirect, and transformd.subductive, convergent, and flat

Plates move apart, leaving a gap at the

a. convergent plate boundariesb. divergent plate boundariesc. transform plate boundariesd. all plate boundaries

Plates collide along

a. convergent plate boundariesb. divergent plate boundariesc. transform plate boundariesd. all plate boundaries

Volcanic island arcs (like Aleutian Islands) are associated with

a.divergent plate boundariesb.convergent (continental-continental) plate boundariesc.convergent (oceanic-continental) plate boundariesd.convergent (oceanic-oceanic) plate boundaries

In what layer of the Earth does plate tectonics occur?

a. Asthenosphereb. Lithospherec. Mesosphered. Tectosphere

Which is the largest lithospheric plate?

a. Africanb. Antarcticc. Eurasiand. Pacific

What does the term plate tectonics mean?

a.The large slabs of rock on Earth that we live on.b.A dinner plate that is high-tech.c.The theory that says our Earth's crust is made of giant pieces of rock.d.The places where the mountain are.

What are tectonic plates?

a.The major mountains on Earth.b.The giant slabs of rock that make up our Earth's crust.c.A shiny, silver plate.d.Things that make mountains.

What do we call places where plates meet?

a. Plate-meeting placeb. Plate linec. Division chordd. Plate boundary

What do we call a place where two plates are moving apart?

a.Divergent Boundaryb.Separation Pointc.Division lined.Transformational-Geological Boundary

What will surely happen when two tectonic plates separate?

a.Earthquakeb.A ridge formsc.The boundary becomes unstable and there is a breakout of volcanoesd.Two plates form

What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault?

a. A convergence boundaryb. A divisional boundaryc. A transform boundaryd. A boundary of San Andreas

What happens when pressure is released at a transform boundary?

a.An earthquake occursb.Mount St. Helens explodesc.A volcano is formedd.The plate receives too much pressure on the edge and eventually breaks apart

How do continents form?

•Two plates separate and more earth is formed.•As a convergent boundary is created, and as the plate moves in one direction, large mass of land is formed on the other end.•A volcano explodes and the magma forms the base for a new continental crust.•A meteor hits earth and forms a new piece of land.

What is a volcano?

a.A big piece of rock that can vomit.b.A volcano is an opening or rupture in earth's crust that lets hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from below the crust.c.A place in the Earth's Crust that is open.d.Is a mountain that is sick.

How are Volcanoes formed?

a.When a tectonic plate gets angry.b.When two pieces of rock hit each other.c.When tectonic plates move apart or come together.d.When a piece of rock gets sick and needs to vomit.

How are Shield Volcanoes formed?

a.When a hill becomes a volcano.b.When Lava flows out of a central vent and forms a dome like shape.c.When a volcano is used as a shield by people.d.When one plate meets another at a transform boundary.

What do we call the central point in the earthquake where the energy is being released?

a. Hypocenterb. Focus c. Epicenterd. Quake Shake

Most magma forms in...

a. continental crustb. the lithospherec. the asthenosphered. ocean crust

An opening in the earth's surface through which molten rock flows is called a ...

a. Ventb. Calderac. Mantled. Fault

An opening on the earth's surface through which molten rock flows and the material that builds up around the opening together form a...

a. subduction zoneb. trenchc. convergent boundaryd. volcano

The broad volcanic feature formed by quiet eruptions on thin lava flows is called a ...

a. shield zoneb. cinder conec. riftd. strato-volcano

Which of the following formations would most likely result from a single violent volcanic eruption?

a. shield volcanob. ventc. cinder coned. caldera

Before a volcanic eruption, seismic activity seems to...

a.increase in frequency and decrease in intensityb.decrease in both frequency and intensityc.decrease in frequency and increase in intensityd.increase in both frequency and intensity

How is magma different from lava?

a. The two are the sameb. Magma is unerupted lavac. Lava can have gas in itd. Magma is a large amount of lava

The layers of the Earth have been discovered by:

a.Studying the layers of other planetsb.Sending x-ray equipment into fault linesc.Studying seismic waves caused by earthquakesd.Studying drilled core samples

The Earth's inner core is made up of ____________________.

a.Nitrogenb.Anorthrositec.Lithium-iond.Nickel-iron alloy

The Earth's lithosphere:

a.Is made up of two types: oceanic and continentalb.Is generally made up of titanium dioxidec.Contains tactile platesd.Is synonymous with our atmosphere

The interior structure of the earth from the surface to the center is:

a.inner core, outer core, mantle and crustb.atmosphere, mantle, crustc.crust, mantle and core

The most common element in the earth's crust is:

a.Aluminumb.Siliconc.Irond. Oxygen

The layer of the earth which is plastic like putty is the:

a. crustb. mantlec. cored. asthenosphere

The core of the earth is:

a.partly molten rock and partly solid rockb.made of iron and other melted metalsc.plastic like puttyd.Made of molten materials

What occurs where crustal plates diverge or move apart?

a. Erosionb. Earthquakesc. Volcanoesd. Convection current

Convergent crustal plate boundaries are sites of:

a. Erosionb. Earthquakesc. Volcanic activityd. Mountain formation

The Theory of Continental Drift states that:

a.continents were once joined together and have since moved apartb.one original super-continent sank and rose in different locations forming valleys and mountains as we now know themc.the continents of the world drift like boats in any direction on the molten rock beneath the surface

The original super-continent that may have existed 200 million years ago has been named:

a. Pangaeab. Gondwanac. Antarcticad. Rodinia

The instrument used to measure earthquakes is the:

a.Richter Scaleb.Beaufort Scalec.Seismographd.Seismogram

The earthquake waves that cause the greatest damage to buildings are the:

a. Tidal wavesb. P or primary wavesc. S or secondary wavesd. Surface waves

Rocks are broken up into three major groups:

a.magma, metamorphic, and mineralsb.igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentaryc.sedimentary, sand, and igneousd.sand, mud, and silt

Rocks that come out of volcanoes form the greater part of the Earth's crust. These rocks are:

a.igneous rocksb.Basaltc.metamorphic rocksd.granite

Chalk and limestone are made up of the remains of animals. They are:

a. both very hardb. pebblesc. sedimentary rocksd. conglomerate

From deep within the earth molten magma bubbles up, heating rocks that surround it. This process turns igneous and sedimentary rocks into:

a. gneissb. slatec. marbled. metamorphic rocks

This is the name of the solid rock beneath the soil:

a. extrusive rockb. limestonec. bedrockd. granite

Coal is a sedimentary rock made up of organic matter that has become solid. Unlike limestone, coal is made up of:

a. plant fossilsb. shellsc. insectsd. dinosaurs

You can group igneous rocks by the sizes of grains in them. Rocks made of magma are ____ and those from lava are ____.

a. intrusive; extrusiveb. crystals; mineralsc. volcanic; metamorphicd. intrusive; only made of silica

Which of these is not the name of a type of rock?

A. GraniteB. ChalkC. TalcD. Slate

Marble is a rock that has been changed from another. What do we call these type of rocks?

A. MetamorphicB. IgneousC. IgnorantD. Morpeth

A rock that has been ‘layered’ is called:

A. SedimentaryB. IgneousC. MetamorphicD. Ingenious

Rocks are changed to metamorphic rocks by:

A. Sun and seaB. Heat and pressureC. Rivers and cliffsD. Volcanoes

What type of rock is likely to form when this magma cools?

A. MetamorphicB. SedimentaryC. IgneousD. Clastic

Which of these would not cause weathering?

A. RainB. SunC. CloudD. Frost

Transport of sediment usually occurs:

A. by people carrying itB. by rivers carrying itC. in volcanoesD. by wind dispersal

What type of rock is this?

A. IgneousB. SedimentaryC. MetamorphicD. Fossil

We are likely to find fossils in which type of rock?

A. SedimentaryB. MagmaC. IgneousD. Lava

Limestone (calcium carbonate) reacts with hydrochloric acid to form:

A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon dioxideD. Methane

Basalt has very small crystals. How would you expect it to have formed?

A. From sandstoneB. UndergroundC. By depositionD. From cooling lava

Slate was used a lot for tiling the roofs of houses. What type of rock is it?

A. IgneousB. SedimentaryC. OrganicD. Metamorphic

A rock that cools quickly is likely to have:

A. Large crystalsB. No crystalsC. Invisible crystalsD. Small crystals