earth diameter 12756km rotation period 24 hours orbital period 365.25 days distance from sun150 x 10...
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Earth
Diameter 12756km
Rotation Period 24 hours
Orbital Period 365.25 days
Distance from Sun 150 x 106 km
Orbit Eccentricity/Tilt 0.02 / 23.3 degrees
Temperature 14C
Atmosphere N2,O2,Ar,CO2
Gravity 1g
Moons 1
The Moon
Diameter
0.27DE
Distance from Earth 0.0025AU
Temperature
-233C to +123C
Atmosphere
none
Gravity
0.2g
Moons
none
Visits
>20 satellites
6 landings
Luna 2,3,9,10,16
Apollo
Clementine
MarsDiameter
0.53DE
Rotation Period 24.5 hours
Orbital Period 1.9 years
Distance from Sun 1.523AU
Temperature
-120C to +22C
Orbit Eccentricity 0.09
Tilt 23.6 degrees
Atmosphere
thin CO2
Gravity
0.38g
Moons
2: Phobos Deimos
Visits
>20 satellites
Mariner 4,6,7, Mars 2,3..., Viking 1&2, MGS, Pathfinder, Spirit, Beagle 2
Mars' Moons
Phobos Deimos
Deimos' orbital period is longer than a Martian day (a Sol), so it appears to move backwards in the sky – opposite to the
direction of Phobos
Mars and Martians
Astronomer Percival Lowell at the turn of the 20th C. observed “canals” on Mars, which he suggested were created in a last ditch attempt by Martians to prevent Mars from drying out and save their civilisation.
The canals were merely a figment of his imagination.
But Mars is dry, and we are still looking for Martians and the water needed to sustain them....
Mars is a small world, so cooled down more quickly and is now geologically dead.
Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system - Olympus Mons – 15 miles high! The map below shows other volcanos, Syrtis Major, planitia, ice covered polar regions, and Valles Marineris
Mars has weather. Dust storms can cover it's entire surface. And dust devils have been seen by Pathfinder.
Mars' Geological History
Mars' tilt varies greatly from 15 to 35 degrees over just a period of 5 million years leading to regular ice ages.
If there's substantial water glaciers will form that towards the end of the ice age melt and carve out geological features on Mars' surface.
Pressure is too low to form liquid water on surface but water under the surface may exist...
2002 – Mars Odyssey finds water?
Mars is most frequently visited planet ever
since its first visit by Mariner 4 in 1965
Landers need to be near equator, in flat lands with gentle
winds
The cooler mid-latitudes have
the most interesting geological features
July 1976 – The Viking landers reach Mars
Performed experiments on Martian soil to test for signs of life. The results were positive
but disbelieved.
Airbag system for landing rovers on Mars
1997 – Pathfinder and the Sojourner rover
2003 – The next generation rovers
(below) Gusev Crater
Spirit finds mud?
If so there's water under the surface of Mars, and maybe Viking did detect signs
of life...
...but for water to exist, it must be very salty, more so than organisms can
survive
Opportunity lands on hematite covered uplands
Mars Express takes 3D images of the solar system's deepest and longest canyon
Beagle 2
The Future
Mars Flyers
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Phoenix Lander
Sample Return
Manned Mission?
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