earth as a system ocean science

Earth as a SystemEarth as a SystemOcean ScienceOcean Science

IMPROVEMENTS Also need more questions/info on albedo

Oceans, albedo of oceans vs. ice

More information on spheres interacting More explicit thing where we trace energy from sources…maybe a

worksheet. Article where students identify changes in spheres and

interactions…about earthquake or something Talk about how your body is made of what you eat…get equations

for making fats & stuff, and where in your body is phosphorous? Pertains to cycles

More about formation of Earth & layers of Earth (Earth’s interior), maybe magnetic field!! That energy is cool

Video/more information on nuclear fusion Use Newton's cradle, dominoes, other things where energy

transfers to show energy transfer

IMPROVEMENTS Hole in ozone not = global warming Bring in a teapot! Suns heat doesn’t reach Earth Nebular theory different than big bang Earth is not hot inside because of lava! (there’s lav) Does sun keep core hot? Chocolate chip cookie is misleading as it leads kids to think Earth is all molten

inside Sun isn’t “burning” More on explaining how wind is created by sun More examples of stuff? Nuclear fusion DOESN’T occur inside Earth! Include the cycles on the quiz (seasons is next for weather sci)

Closure

What are the 3 rules of this classroom? What will students do at the beginning of class

tomorrow?

Bell Ringer 1/22/14 – 4 minBell Ringer 1/22/14 – 4 minGet a sheet of notebook paper and format it as seen

to the left of this screen.

C.S. = COMPLETE SENTENCE

1. List the 3 classroom rules in their entirety.

2. Write at least one question about oceans or water that you would like to have answered in this class. (c.s.)

Today you are going to…

receive books & notebooks

review the class website

listen as I explain the course content, policies, & procedures

So you can…

understand what’s expected of you in this class

have the materials needed for the class

You’ll know you’ve got it when you

can follow the procedures

have a notebook & book

can access the website

Closure

What should you do when absent? What should you do when the bell rings? What is your homework?

Bell Ringer 1/23/14 – 4 minutesANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON THE

SAME SHEET OF PAPER AS YOU USED FOR YESTERDAY’S BELL WORK.

SHOW WORK & INCLUDE UNITS!

1. Where can you find the work you missed when you return from being absent?

2. The distance from Pittsburgh PA to Miami is about 1,890 km. How many miles is this? (1 km = 0.62 miles)

3. If one drove at a constant rate of 50.0 mi/hr, how many hours would it take to get there?

2. The distance from Pittsburgh PA to Miami is about 1,890 km. How many miles is this? (1 km = 0.62 miles)

3. If one drove at a constant rate of 50.0 mi/hr, how many hours would it take to get there?

Today you are going to…

turn in syllabus

look over all of our ocean questions

do a couple practice problems

complete the Earth as a System Reading Guide

So you can…

better appreciate the size/scale of Earth

identify the parts of the Earth system & how they interact

convert from km to mi

You’ll know you’ve got it when you

can answer the questions on the reading guide

Closure

List & describe the 4 spheres. What is your homework? When is it due?

Bell Work 1/24/14 – 2 minREMEMBER C.S. = COMPLETE SENTENCE.

1. Define matter in your own words. (c.s.)

2. Define energy in your own words. (c.s.)

Schedule Friday Notes & demo

Monday Notes & worksheet

Monday Quiz

Identify types of energy Define matter & energy & give examples of each List the waves of electromagnetic radiation in order List 3 sources of Earth’s energy Identify which powers things Define albedo & estimate albedo of surfaces Explain how sun shines

Today you are going to…

Take notes on matter & energy

So you can…

• explain where Earth’s energy comes from and see how energy flows through the Earth system.

You’ll know you’ve got it when you can Answer the questions at the end of class

Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space Made of

Atoms (+ protons, - electrons, neutrons) 4 states

solid liquid gas plasma Ex?

Air!

Air…matter? Does it take up space? Does it have mass?

Wind!

EnergyEnergy Energy - 3 definitions…pick one

the ability to do work the ability to make something happen the ability to make matter take action

If there were no energy, nothing would ever happen. Examples?

Rabbits mate in very unusual, eXpensive gardens

Types of Energy Electromagnetic Waves

Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, UV, X-ray, Gamma

Chemical Potential Energy Energy stored in chemical bonds, Organic material, food, things

you burn

Nuclear Potential Energy Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy

Kinetic Energy Things moving heat & sound are a type of K.E. (magnets & string!)

Mechanical Potential Energy Elastic potential Gravitational potential

Energy is Everywhere!

Energy Transfer

Matter & energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but they can change forms.

Energy is constantly being transformed. Look for types of energy & energy transformation

in the following video. Ok Go video

Energy Transfer

Newton’s Cradle

Power Plants Power plants convert energy into electricity, usually by turning

turbines. When a magnet moves past a wire, electron flows through the wire

(electricity). A turbine is like a big fan that’s turned by the steam. It’s attached to a

wheel with magnets on it.

Coal Power Plant Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeXG8K5_UvU

Only power plant w/out turbines: solar power Where does our electricity come from? Magnet & Flashlight!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSjL8FOZVeU http://www.mechanicalengineeringblog.com/tag/wind-up-flashlight/

Do turbines make energy? What causes them to spin?

Closure1. Define matter in your own words.

2. Define energy in your own words.

3. What is the matter & energy in:1. A moving car on a bridge

2. The computer

3. Lightning

Know It All

Electricity is often cheaper at night, so that’s when you should do your laundry!

Bell Work 1/24/14 – 2 minREMEMBER C.S. = COMPLETE SENTENCE.

1. Define matter in your own words. (c.s.)

2. Define energy in your own words. (c.s.)

Bell Ringer 8/27/13Bell Ringer 8/27/13

Anyone got a $5 I can borrow? (demo)

Schedule Today Notes & demo & whacky Wednesday video

Friday Notes & worksheet

Monday Quiz

Identify types of energy Define matter & energy & give examples of each List the waves of electromagnetic radiation in order List 3 sources of Earth’s energy Identify which powers things Define albedo & estimate albedo of surfaces Explain how sun shines

Today you are going to…

Take notes on matter & energy

So you can…

• explain where Earth’s energy comes from and see how energy flows through the Earth system.

You’ll know you’ve got it when you can Answer the questions at the end of class

Energy

Does energy ever seem to disappear?

Conservation of Matter & Energy

Matter & energy cannot be created nor destroyed, though they can change forms.

Types of Energy Electromagnetic Waves

Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, UV, X-ray, Gamma

Chemical Potential Energy Energy stored in chemical bonds, Organic material, food, things

you burn

Nuclear Potential Energy Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy

Kinetic Energy Things moving heat & sound are a type of K.E.

Potential Energy Elastic potential Gravitational potential

Lyco Demo

List matter and energy Follow conversion of energy

Bell Ringer 9/3/13Bell Ringer 9/3/13

1. Write 5 complete sentences about your weekend or science. (capital letter, period at end)

2. Identify at least 5 things that are matter & 4 types of energy in the following demo.

Schedule 1st pd Tuesday Notes & demo

Wednesday Review questions & do wkst

Thursday Quiz Review reading guide

Friday Sphere interaction

Monday Poster project

Tuesday Poster project

Wednesday Test

Objectives SWBAT identify Earth’s 3 energy sources SWBAT explain why/how the sun shines SWBAT explain the origin of geothermal energy SWBAT define albedo and predict the relative

albedo of surfaces SWBAT trace energy’s path as it travels through

the Earth system

Earth’s 3 Main Energy Sources

Solar Energy (Sun) Geothermal Energy (Earth’s Interior Heat) Tidal Energy (Moon’s motion around Earth)

Solar EnergySolar Energy

99.985 % of Earth’s energy enters as 99.985 % of Earth’s energy enters as solar energy.solar energy.

Source of energy for almost all living Source of energy for almost all living things.things.

Solar Energy Where does the sun’s energy come from?

A process called “nuclear fusion” hydrogen atoms are fused together to make helium

Nuclear Fusion1. Extreme heat & pressure in center of sun pushes

hydrogen atoms together

2. Hydrogen atoms combine to form helium atoms & energy

This is matter turning into energy (electromagnetic waves)!

600 lbs of H 596 lbs of He + energy!

3. After a million years or so, the energy reaches the surface of the sun

4. From there, the energy takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth’s surface.

Nuclear Fusionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pusKlK1L5To

Albedo Percentage of sun’s energy reflected by an area Albedo comes from a Latin word meaning

“white”

Albedo Forest have an albedo of about 5 to 10 %.

They reflect about 5-10% of the sunlight they receive.

Deserts - 30% albedo They reflect about 30% of the sun’s energy.

Oceans – 6% albedoThey reflect about 6% of the sun’s

energy.

Sea Ice – 50-70% albedoIt reflects 50 to 70% of the sun’s energy.

Snow fields – 80 - 90% albedoThey reflect 80 to 90% of the sun’s They reflect 80 to 90% of the sun’s

energy.energy.

Geothermal Energy

The thermal (heat) energy inside of Earth 0.013% of Earth’s energy

Geothermal Energy Causes tectonic plates to move, making

earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and mountains Creates geysers.

Geothermal Energy Source of energy for a few types of organism

on Earth! (deep in oceans) Chemosynthetic bacteria, tube worms, spider crabs,

mussels May be where

life began!

Geothermal Energy Why is Earth hot inside?

Heat leftover from formation Radioactive isotopes decaying

uranium, thorium and potassium Matter turning into energy again! (Everybody wants to be iron.)

Geothermal Energy True or False?

The inside of Earth is filled with lava. Earth is hot inside because it’s full of lava. Earth is hot inside because of nuclear fusion. Earth is hot inside because radioactive matter is

decaying. Earth is hot inside because it’s still cooling from when

it formed 4 billion years ago.

Tidal Energy Smallest part of the energy budget (0.002%) Caused by gravity of moon & sun and

Earth’s rotation Moon stronger than

sun cuz it’s closer

Which energy source causes…?

How did the energy get here? Rain falls

Firewood is burned

Asian goose flies

How did the energy get here?

Wind blows

Music from computer

Bell Work 9/4/13 Which kind(s) of energy do the following objects have?

(light, chemical potential, kinetic, heat, gravitational potential, electrical, sound)

1. Barking dog

2. Book on fire

3. How did the heat energy get in this room? Trace it back to it’s source.

Bell Work 9/5/13 Get & sharpen pencil (or you can use a pen) Leave an empty seat between you and the student next to

you if possible. Study for 3 minutes. When timer sounds, put your notes away & take

everything off of your desk. Listen to test instructions.

Quiz

Get & sharpen pencil (or you can use a pen) Leave an empty seat between you and the student

next to you if possible. Take everything off of your desk except for a

pencil or pen. Listen to test instructions.

Quiz

Get & sharpen pencil (or you can use a pen) Leave an empty seat between you and the student

next to you if possible. Take everything off of your desk except for a

pencil or pen. Listen to test instructions.

Quiz

Get & sharpen pencil (or you can use a pen) Leave an empty seat between you and the student

next to you if possible. Take everything off of your desk except for a

pencil or pen. Listen to test instructions.

Bell Work 2/5/13 – 5 min1. Give an example of how the atmosphere affects/interacts

with the other 3 spheres (biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere).

Hydro Geo Bio

Atm.

On Tuesday’s Quiz Define energy & matter and give types/examples of each. Why does the sun shine? (detail) What is albedo? Give an example of something with a

high albedo and something with a low albedo. Why is Earth hot inside? (2 reasons) What 3 things cause tides? List the 3 sources of Earth’s energy. Which energy source powers the following? List the matter and energy in objects/events, like demos How did this energy get here? (1) Turbine – how works, what is

Bell Work 2/7/13 – 2 min1. How might a volcano erupting (geosphere) affect the

other spheres (b, h, a)?

1. Cutting trees along a river.

Bell Ringer 9/5/13 – 2 minQUIZ!

1. An earthquake caused a tsunami in Japan in 2011. Ocean currents carried debris from Japan to all of the shores of Alaska. Now animals are eating the debris. Identify the sphere interactions occurring.

Earth As A “System”

Earth is a system System – group of interacting parts that act

as a whole Parts affect each other

Atmosphere The envelope of gases surrounding Earth…the air

we breath Protects living things from sun’s radiation &

meteors Provides O2 (oxygen) and CO2 (carbon dioxide) to living

things Only planet in solar system w/ O2

Geosphere the “solid” Earth itself Rocks, mountains, beaches, minerals… Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Always slowly changing, sometimes quickly

Hydrosphere All of the water in the Earth system Oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, snow, rain,

groundwater, clouds 3% fresh water, 97% salt water

30% of fresh water is liquid & available to humans (the rest is in frozen ice caps)

Water on Earth is continually recycled Water cycle!

BiosphereBiosphere All life forms – plants, animals, All life forms – plants, animals,

bacteria, people…bacteria, people…

Sphere Interaction

The four spheres are constantly changing, moving, and interacting together.

The actions of one sphere often affect others

As part of the biosphere, how do plants affect the other spheres?

Plants (biosphere) draw carbon dioxide from the air (atmosphere) and water (hydrosphere). They release oxygen and water vapor, and then may be eaten by animals (another part of the biosphere).

Where does the energy in plants come from?

Volcanoes erupt sending ash & gases into the air. Ash & lava come down onto forests, destroying some animals’ habitats. Large eruptions can cause mini ice age by blocking out the sun, cooling the oceans.

Where does energy in volcanoes come from?

How do volcanic eruptions affect the other spheres?

How do hurricanes affect the other spheres?

Hurricanes sweep across the ocean and onto the land, damaging the dwellings of people who live along the coast & causing erosion.

Where does energy in hurricanes come from?

Burning Fossil Fuels Burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the

atmosphere, which traps more of the sun’s energy. The air becomes warmer, then the ocean becomes warmer. Coral reefs that are sensitive to temperature changes die. Some organisms that depend on coral reefs also die.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=mmshBXv27r4&feature=endscreen

Sphere interactions and changes occur over the course of hours,

days, and millions of years.

Human Activity

Everything humans do has an affect on the cycles of Earth.

Bell Work 9/9/13 – 3 minutes Take hw out & put it upsidedown on your desk.

1. Define system

2. What does it mean that Earth is a system?

3. W5SAYWoS

Schedule 1st pd Thursday

Quiz Review reading guide

Friday Review reading guide, Notes ; Sphere interaction wkst

Monday Finish sphere interaction; Grades; Intro poster project

Tuesday Poster project

Wednesday Poster project

Thursday Review?

Friday Test!

Today you are going to…

review the sphere interaction worksheet

calculate your grades

preview the poster project

So you can…

recognize Earth’s parts & how they interact & make an awesome poster

You’ll know you’ve got it when you

understand the answers on the sphere interaction worksheet & are superpumped to make an awesome poster

Bell Work 9/9/13 – 2 minutes Take the following notes (perhaps on your sphere

worksheet if you have room)

4 cycles of matter Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Phosphorous Cycle

Does not enter atmosphere

Schedule 3rd & 4th pd Thursday

Review reading guide, Notes ; Sphere interaction wkst

Friday Finish sphere interaction; Grades; Intro poster project

Monday Posterproject

Tuesday Poster project

Wednesday Review?

Thursday Test!

Friday poster project

Today you are going to…

take notes

get into groups & begin making posters

So you can…

list Earth’s 4 cycles

You’ll know you’ve got it when you

list Earth’s 4 cycles

make an awesome poster

Cycles!

Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Phosphorous Cycle

Water Cycle!Water Cycle!1.1. Water enters atmosphere through Water enters atmosphere through

evaporation, transpiration, and sublimationevaporation, transpiration, and sublimation

2.2. Water condenses in atmosphere, forming Water condenses in atmosphere, forming clouds, clouds,

3.3. Water falls from clouds…precipitationWater falls from clouds…precipitation1.1. Water is absorbed into the ground, becoming Water is absorbed into the ground, becoming

groundwatergroundwater

2.2. Water runs off into rivers, lakes, & oceansWater runs off into rivers, lakes, & oceans

Water Cycle!

Nitrogen Cycle

78% of atmosphere N is used to build proteins & cells

1. Removed from air by bacteria

2. Plants absorb N…it becomes part of them (p & c)3. Animals eat plants & N becomes part of them (p & c)

4. N returns to soil & atmosphere when critters die (or deficate)

Nitrogen Cycle!

Carbon Cycle

Plants convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates Animals eat plants

part of carbon becomes part of them part is returned to atmosphere (breath out CO2)

Carbon is stored deep in geosphere buried plants & animals – coal, oil, natural gas In carbonate (minerals & rocks)

Released as carbon dioxide when burned Plants, animals, coal, oil, natural gas

Carbon Cycle

Phosphorous Cycle

In soil, water, plants, & animals Not in atmosphere!

Enters soil & water when rock breaks down Plants absorb phosphorus Animals get phosphorus from plants Phosphorus returns to soil when critters die or

deficate

Phosphorous Cycle

Cycles! Water, N, C, & P become part of

different spheres hydrosphere, geosphere, atmosphere,

and biosphere

Who am I? At the end of 7 years, not 1 cell in your

entire body remains from 7 years ago! Read more about it online by searching

“TED who am I?”

Poster Work Stay in groups Follow rules – be respectful and on task

Alternative assignment Clean up!

Poster1. Learn & show what you’ve learned.

1. Reformat information to make it your own. (comic, story, way to remember stuff)

2. Work respectfully together within team1. Talk, brainstorm…that’s why you’re in a

group

3. Learned spheres, how they interact, how energy flows

Poster Energy transfer (3 sources of energy) How energy from each of 3 sources is transferred, like back of Matter

& Energy Worksheet

Sphere interaction Include interactions between all spheres, like Sphere Interaction

Activity Sheet Longer chains are better if accurate

Other Be neat, colorful, & creative Words clear & big enough to see (but not too big) If you can, include other info learned in this class, but relate it to poster. Use space efficiently Make sure pics are directly related to text – 1 pic = more than 1 idea

(captions are good) You can make it bigger than the poster…stuff can hang off.

Poster

Stay working in groups Keep working on poster to make it better! Borders around pictures Past pics together! On top of each other, in

series

Period 1 8:25-9:10

Lena Tomko

Dade Varsafsky

Emily J. Pomaibo

Nate McMillen

Emily S. Skirpan

Jordan M. Butler

Jessica L. Harris

Rege Pekar

Hannah Horwatt

AaronGilbert

Patrick Mauney

Lindsay Herron

BillRedinger

Dylan J. Fisher

Josie M. Baker

Jenna M. Jablonsky

Katie E. Elder

Travis J. Kerlin

Sarah E. Hampton

.

Anjali Bhanot

Kasey L. Kolick

Period 4A 10:52-11:42

SamArnold

Vanessa McCallister

Jacob Croushore

Valerie N. Elwood

Tyler L. Fink

Brooke S. Meyer

Joshua McFadden

Stephanie L. Miller

Chara M. Frazier B, B, P

Michelle Hickle

BriDistefanis9/3, 9/4, 9/6

Travis Gordon

Melissa Gounder

Korri L. Kregecz

Braden J. Dennis

Jonny Andrews

Nevin J. Gray

Jiana L. Blackmon

Antonio S. Moffa

MattDean

Laura C. McEwen

. .

Kassy Helms

Joshua M. Edwards9/4,

Tasha L. Simoncini

Molly Selepchak

Ormond QuashieB,

Hunter E. Wilson

KhasimHalawani

SammySailor

FredMantsch

Know It All

Your stomach has to produce a new layer of mucus every two weeks otherwise it

will digest itself!

Bell Work 2/8/13

Identify the sphere interactions and predict two more.

1. A meteor falls to Earth, partly burning in the atmosphere before making a huge crater in Earth’s surface. Tons of dust & debris are thrown into the air, which prevents a decent amount of sunlight from hitting Earth worldwide.

Today you are going to…

turn in syllabus

look over all of our ocean questions

do a couple practice problems

complete the Earth as a System Reading Guide

So you can…

better appreciate the size/scale of Earth

identify the parts of the Earth system & how they interact

convert from km to mi

You’ll know you’ve got it when you

can answer the questions on the reading guide

End

Bell Work 1/27/12

Get & sharpen pencil (or you can use a pen) Leave an empty seat between you and the student

next to you if possible. Take everything off of your desk except for a

pencil or pen. Listen to test instructions.

Bell Work 1/30/12 – 4 min

1. Trace the heat energy in this room back to its source.

2. W5SAYW

Bell Work 9/11 - 3 min

1. An earthquake creates a tsunami. What source of energy caused this event?

2. Explain how this will affect the other spheres. (c.s.)

Bell Work 2/2/12

Identify 5 forms of energy and matter in the following clip.

1. If there were no energy, what would things be like?

2. To make electricity a ___ is moved past a ___.

3. Describe a turbine.

4. What are 3 benefits of the atmosphere?

5. The hydrosphere is _____% salt water and _____% fresh water.

6. Explain how burning fossil fuels may contribute global warming. Identify the spheres involved in your explanation.

7. What are the 4 cycles we discussed in class?

8. Identify parts of all spheres

Bell Ringer 9/2 – 3 minutes

1. Identify the 4 spheres and give one object of each that is in this room.

2. When humans (____sphere) burn fossil fuels (___sphere), how does it affect the atmosphere and hydrosphere? (c.s.)

Bell Work 9/1/11 – 5 minutes

1. Give 5 examples of energy.

2. Identify some kind of energy in this room. Show the path energy took to get from the sun into this room.

3. List as many examples of energy you can think of that are in the ocean.

ObjectivesObjectives•Define a system and be able to identify Define a system and be able to identify a system and its partsa system and its parts•Identify the 4 spheres of the Earth Identify the 4 spheres of the Earth system and explain how they interact system and explain how they interact and changeand change•Describe how energy travels Describe how energy travels throughout Earth’s systemthroughout Earth’s system•Gain an appreciation for the size of Gain an appreciation for the size of Earth.Earth.

Bell Ringer 9/6 – 5 minutes

START A NEW BELL RINGER SHEET.

Consider an ipod as a system. 1. Identify at least 3 of its parts.

2. Identify at least 2 forms of energy in the ipod system.

3. W5SAYW

Preguntas! 1. What is a system? 2. What are the 4 big parts of the Earth system? 3. What are the 3 sources of energy for the Earth?

4. What is albedo? What are two examples of things with high albedo? Low albedo?

5. What would happen if Earth took in more energy than it released?

Which has the most heat?

Systems

interacting parts that form a whole. either open or closed

Open – matter can get in and out Closed – matter can’t get in and out

*Energy can get in and out of BOTH open and closed systems

Volcanoes-

Open or Closed?