early america notes. part 1 – basics of government part 2 – philosophers part 3 – england’s...

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Part 1 – Basics of GovernmentPart 2 – PhilosophersPart 3 – England’s GovernmentPart 4 – Colonial AmericaPart 5 – American RevolutionPart 6 – Articles of ConfederationPart 7 – Constitutional ConventionPart 8 – Compromises at the

ConventionPart 9 – End of the ConventionPart 10 – Parts of the Constitution

Part 1 – Basics of GovernmentPart 2 – PhilosophersPart 3 – England’s GovernmentPart 4 – Colonial AmericaPart 5 – American RevolutionPart 6 – Articles of ConfederationPart 7 – Constitutional ConventionPart 8 – Compromises at the

ConventionPart 9 – End of the ConventionPart 10 – Parts of the Constitution

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

1. Basics of GovernmentThere are 195 countries in the

world today, each with their own Government. Governments are created to maintain safety and protect the rights of citizens.

There are 195 countries in the world today, each with their own Government. Governments are created to maintain safety and protect the rights of citizens.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

All Governments have power to rule, people to rule and land to rule over.A Citizen has all their rights in the government.A Subject does not have all their rights but may get them.

All Governments have power to rule, people to rule and land to rule over.A Citizen has all their rights in the government.A Subject does not have all their rights but may get them.

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Democracy means to “rule by the people”.Two types of democracies – 1) Direct Democracy – citizens

vote directly on issues.2) Representative Democracy –

citizens choose representatives in the government to act in

their behalf.

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY

Types of GovernmentThe most common type of government is a Republic. (80% of all governments)A Republic has:*a higher law Ex… Constitution*members are elected by the citizens.*laws are made through the citizens.

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

This Type of Democracy works best in smaller numbers.

A) DirectB) Representative C) ConstitutionalD) Republican

11

A) Direct

Democratic Republic a republic in which all citizens can participate in the government. Ex…United StatesIn an Aristocratic Republic only certain citizens participate in the government. Ex… Greeks, Romans, Iran

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Monarchy is a type of government where the head of family line holds and maintains power. A Constitutional Monarchy is a government that has a family line that power is limited by a higher law or Constitution.The United Kingdom today is a Constitutional Monarchy. An Absolute Monarchy is when a Monarch has absolute power to rule.

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

A Dictatorship is a form of a government where one person seizes control of a government and maintains power through the use of the military. A Totalitarian government is a form of government where a group has total control of all aspects of citizens lives, using the military to maintain power.

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

A Theocracy is a form of a government controlled by religious leaders, claiming power from a higher source. Ex… Iran

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

2. Philosophers2. PhilosophersJohn Locke (1632 - 1704), English philosopher. Locke wrote that governments should have limits on their power and protect citizens natural rights the basic rights that people are born with like life, liberty, and property.Locke said if a government misuses its power, people have the right to overthrow it, this is called his Theory of Revolution.

John Locke (1632 - 1704), English philosopher. Locke wrote that governments should have limits on their power and protect citizens natural rights the basic rights that people are born with like life, liberty, and property.Locke said if a government misuses its power, people have the right to overthrow it, this is called his Theory of Revolution.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

JOHN LOCKEJOHN LOCKE

Baron de Montesquieu (1689 - 1775), French philosopher. Montesquieu had ideas on how a Republican form of government should work. He wrote about Branches of Government, Separation of Powers, and Checks and Balances.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

2. Philosophers2. Philosophers

Branches of Government is when you divide power among different parts of the government.Legislative Branch makes laws.Executive Branch enforces laws.Judicial Branch interprets laws. Separation of Powers is having a government in which the power is divided equal among the branches with no one branch having all the power. Checks and Balances is a way for each branch to keep the other branches in line. By stopping the other branches from misusing their power.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

2. Philosophers2. Philosophers

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

The United Kingdom's government today is a Constitutional Monarchy. England's constitution (supreme law) is an "unwritten constitution". It includes the Magna Carta, Parliament, and Common Law.

The United Kingdom's government today is a Constitutional Monarchy. England's constitution (supreme law) is an "unwritten constitution". It includes the Magna Carta, Parliament, and Common Law.

3. England’s Government3. England’s Government

MAGNA CARTAIn 1215, King John signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta limited the powers of the monarchy. The Magna Carta put limits on the kings power, including respecting the rights of citizens.

MAGNA CARTAIn 1215, King John signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta limited the powers of the monarchy. The Magna Carta put limits on the kings power, including respecting the rights of citizens.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES 3. England’s Government3. England’s Government

MAGNA CARTAMAGNA CARTAEARLY AMERICA NOTES

MAGNA CARTAMAGNA CARTAEARLY AMERICA NOTES

PARLIAMENTParliament is the lawmaking body in England created in 1265. Parliament is a bicameral legislature or two house lawmaking body.

House of Lords and House of CommonsParliament was given power over the Monarchy in the English Bill of Rights of 1689

PARLIAMENTParliament is the lawmaking body in England created in 1265. Parliament is a bicameral legislature or two house lawmaking body.

House of Lords and House of CommonsParliament was given power over the Monarchy in the English Bill of Rights of 1689

EARLY AMERICA NOTES 3. England’s Government3. England’s Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES English Bill of Rights of 1689English Bill of Rights of 1689

What Form of Government is second to the Republican form today?

A) TheocracyB) DictatorshipC) MonarchyD) None of these

CLASS

C) Monarchy

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

The Jamestown Colony (Virginia) was founded in 1607; it became the first permanent European settlement. In 1619 the colony created a bicameral legislature based on Parliament.The House of Burgesses became the first elected lawmaking body in the colonies.

The Jamestown Colony (Virginia) was founded in 1607; it became the first permanent European settlement. In 1619 the colony created a bicameral legislature based on Parliament.The House of Burgesses became the first elected lawmaking body in the colonies.

4. Colonial America4. Colonial America

EARLY AMERICA NOTES 4. Colonial America4. Colonial America

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

In 1620, the Mayflower Compact was written. The Mayflower Compact was a Social Contract created by the Pilgrims, an agreement between people and their government

In 1620, the Mayflower Compact was written. The Mayflower Compact was a Social Contract created by the Pilgrims, an agreement between people and their government

4. Colonial America4. Colonial America

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Between the 1600's to the 1750's the colonies began to rule themselves and make their own laws. The colonies were using a simple form of Branches of Government.With the end of the French and Indian War (1754 - 1763). Parliament began to pay more attention to the colonies by passing laws limiting expansion, limiting trading partners, forced colonist to house British soldiers (Quartering) and placed taxes on goods. Ex… Navigation Act, Sugar Act, Tea ActStamp Act (1765) required a stamp or tax on legal documents.

4. Colonial America4. Colonial America

What religious people wrote the Mayflower Compact in 1620?

A) PuritansB) PilgrimsC) QuakersD) Amish

22

B) Pilgrims

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Patrick Henry spoke against the British in a famous speech about the idea of “No Taxation without Representation” (1765)No taxes without a fair representation in Parliament.Historical events such as the Boston Massacre (1770), Boston Tea Party (1773), and the Intolerable Acts (1774) demonstrated the tension between the colonies and the British.

4. Colonial America4. Colonial America

CAUSES OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

April 19, 1775, American Revolution begins at Lexington and Concord. In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress began meeting in Philadelphia. The Congress selected George Washington as leader of the Continental Army. The Second Continental Congress will help to maintain a loose structure of government during the American Revolution.

5. American Revolution5. American Revolution

This group helped to temporarily maintain a structure of government during most of the American Revolution?

A) ParliamentB) United States CongressC) Second Continental CongressD) Articles of Confederation

Class

B) Second Continental Congress

AMERICAN REVOLUTIONEARLY AMERICA NOTES

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

In June 1776, a committee wrote a document declaring our independence and the reasons behind the colonist desire for freedom from Great Britain. The main writer was Thomas Jefferson "Father of the Declaration of Independence".On July 4, 1776 the final draft was approved.

5. American Revolution5. American Revolution

How old was Thomas Jefferson at the time of the Declaration of Independence?

A) 25 years oldB) 34 years oldC) 45 years oldD) 81 years old

Seat 7

B) 34 years old

What English Philosophers ideas do you see in the Declaration of Independence, he discussed Natural Rights and the Theory of Revolution?

A) John LockeB) MontesquieuC) NewtonD) None of these

Class

A) John Locke

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

After the D of I, the writing the Articles of Confederation started, finishing on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation were approved by the states on March 1, 1781. It became our first national constitutional government of the United States of America. The Articles created a loose association of the 13 states under one government.John Dickinson of Pennsylvania created the original draft of the Articles of Confederation.

6. Articles of Confederation6. Articles of Confederation

EARLY AMERICA NOTES Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

How well do you understand the Articles of Confederation?

A) Totally UnderstandB) Pretty GoodC) KindaD) Not at all – Help!!!!!

Class-Comfort Level

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

The Articles of Confederation had one branch government, a Legislative Branch, it was a unicameral (1 house) lawmaking body. The Articles contained many weaknesses :* The Federal Government was weak - the States had all the power. (Federalism)* No power to tax.* No power to enforce trade between states. (Interstate)

6. Articles of Confederation6. Articles of Confederation

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

In September 1786, a meeting was suggested to be held in May 1787, to fix the Articles.

SHAYS REBELLIONMassachusetts raised taxes, many farmers could not pay and were losing their farms. Daniel Shays, organized farmers to protest. From August 1786 to February 1787, Shays and his rebels destroyed legal records and court houses. The rebellion was eventually put down. Shays Rebellion proved once and for all the need for a stronger federal government.

6. Articles of Confederation6. Articles of Confederation

SHAYS REBELLION

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

May 14th, 1787 was the scheduled starting date. The convention actually began on May 25th, 1787 when a quorum arrived. A quorum is a necessary number of people for an official meeting. The Convention met in Philadelphia's Independence Hall.74 delegates were selected. Rhode Island did not participate.55 delegates actually attended.

7. Constitutional Convention

7. Constitutional Convention

EARLY AMERICA NOTES CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONCONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

FAMOUS AMERICANS George Washington was elected unanimously to preside (lead) over the meeting.James Madison "Father of Constitution”.

7. Constitutional Convention

7. Constitutional Convention

When everyone votes the same.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

FAMOUS AMERICANS Ben Franklin oldest delegate at 81. Jonathan Dayton youngest delegate at 26.Gouverneur Morris responsible for the Preamble and much of the wording of the Constitution.Jacob Shallus is known as the "Penman of the Constitution", he actually wrote the final draft.Thomas Jefferson was an ambassador to France.John Adams was an ambassador to Great Britain.

7. Constitutional Convention

7. Constitutional Convention

Someone who represents a country in another country

From left to right: (Front Row) Edmund Randolph, Nathaniel Gorham, John Dickinson, John Rutledge, James Wilson, Oliver Ellsworth, Charles Pinckney, James Madison, Elbridge Gerry, William Samuel Johnson, George Mason, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Rufus King, William Paterson, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Gouverneur Morris, Alexander Hamilton, George Read. (Back Row) William R. Davie, John Langdon, Luther Martin, Roger Sherman, Gunning Bedford, Jr., and Abraham Baldwin.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Compromise means give and take in order to reach an agreement.

FederalismFederalists (strong Federal Government) and the Anti-Federalists (strong State Government) disagreed over how much power to give each level.The U.S. Constitution gives the Federal government power (delegated) over the State governments. States were given certain powers (reserved) and share certain powers with the Federal Government.

8. Compromises at the Convention8. Compromises at the Convention

Different levels of Government

Who is credited with hand writing the final draft of the Constitution?

A) James MadisonB) Ben FranklinC) Gouverneur MorrisD) Jacob Shallus

CLASS

D) Jacob Shallus

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS

How to structure the Congress and how representation in it would be determined lead to a major compromise. The two major plans were the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan, out of these plans came the Great Compromise.

ESSAY QUESTION

8. Compromises at the Convention8. Compromises at the Convention

STATES   Estimated Population   1790

    In 1787   Census

Virginia 1 420,000   442,117

Massachusetts 2 360,000   373,324

Pennsylvania 2 360,000   424,099

New York 4 233,000   314,142

Maryland 5 218,000   208,649

Connecticut 6 202,000   232,374

North Carolina 7 200,000   288,204

South Carolina 8 150,000   140,178

New Jersey 9 138,000   169,954

New Hampshire 10 102,000   141,097

Georgia 11 90,000   52,886

Rhode Island 12 58,000   64,470

Delaware 13 37,000   46,310

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS

The Virginia Plan was written by James Madison but proposed in the convention by Edmund Randolph. The Virginia Plan or large state plan would favor the larger states in population by creating a bicameral legislature with both house basedon or proportional in population.

8. Compromises at the Convention8. Compromises at the Convention

This group believed more power should be given to the States governments than the Federal Government.

A) FederalistB)DemocratsC)Anti - FederalistD)Republicans

Seat 18

C) Anti - Federalist

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS The New Jersey Plan was suggested by William Paterson. The New Jersey Plan or small state plan was the smaller states attempt to maintain the power they had under the Articles. The Plan would have created a unicameral legislature. Representation in Congress would have been equal.

8. Compromises at the Convention8. Compromises at the Convention

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESSThe Great Compromise suggested by Roger Sherman of Connecticut put parts of the Virginia and New Jersey Plans together and created our U.S. Congress. Congress is a bicameral legislature. The Senate is the upper house, it would have equal representation with two Senators per each state. The House of Representatives lower house, representation would be based on a states population. The larger a states population the more Representatives it would have.

8. Compromises at the Convention8. Compromises at the Convention

How well do you understand the Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan and the Great Compormise?

A) Totally UnderstandB) Pretty GoodC) KindaD) Not at all – Help!!!!!

Class-Comfort Level

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

PRESIDENT The compromise over the powers to give the President included:* A strong Executive Branch with many powers and limits. Checks and Balances* The President would be elected by the Electoral College, changed and improved by the 12th Amendment (1804).* Serving a term of 4 years, with no term limits. Changed by the 22nd Amendment (1951) which placed a two term limit on President.

8. Compromises at the Convention8. Compromises at the Convention

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

At the end of the Convention many were concerned it lacked a Bill of Rights. Some did not sign the Constitution over this issue.The Bill of Rights (1st Ten Amendments) was ratified (approved) on Dec 15, 1791.

9. End of the Convention9. End of the Convention

Explain the Great Compromise and what did it do .

The Great Compromise put together key parts of the New Jersey and Virginia Plan. It created our Congress into a Bicameral Legislature with the Senate having equal representation or 2 Senators per state and House of Reps based on population.

OPEN

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

SIGNING OF THE CONSTITUTION

The Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787. 39 of the 55 delegates signed the Constitution. The Constitution was then sent to the states to be ratified.

9. End of the Convention9. End of the Convention

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

The Constitution must be approved or ratified by 9 out of the 13 states before it would go into effect. (Article 7)The struggle for ratification was not easy.

9. End of the Convention9. End of the Convention

End of the ConventionEnd of the Convention

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Delaware was the 1st state to ratify on Dec 7, 1787.New Hampshire was the 9th state on June 21, 1788. This is the historical day the U.S. Constitution went into effect.George Washington was elected President and sworn in April 30th, 1789. (NY)

9. End of the Convention9. End of the Convention

The three parts of the Constitution are the Preamble, Articles, and Amendments. The Preamble is the introduction to the Constitution. The Preamble states the purpose of our country and the ideas we stand for. Domestic Tranquility means peace within our country. Posterity means for future generations.

The three parts of the Constitution are the Preamble, Articles, and Amendments. The Preamble is the introduction to the Constitution. The Preamble states the purpose of our country and the ideas we stand for. Domestic Tranquility means peace within our country. Posterity means for future generations.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES 10. Parts of the Constitution10. Parts of the Constitution

“We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America”.

What was the First State to Ratify the U.S. Constitution?

A) New YorkB) New HampshireC) VirginiaD) None of these

Seat 2

D)

The United States ConstitutionThe United States Constitution

The Articles describe how our government is structured and details how it will work. The Constitution is broken up into 7 Articles.Articles are broken up into sectionsSections are broken up into clauses.Articles 1, 2, and 3 discuss the 3 branches of government.

Article 1 Legislative BranchArticle 2 Executive BranchArticle 3 Judicial Branch

The Articles describe how our government is structured and details how it will work. The Constitution is broken up into 7 Articles.Articles are broken up into sectionsSections are broken up into clauses.Articles 1, 2, and 3 discuss the 3 branches of government.

Article 1 Legislative BranchArticle 2 Executive BranchArticle 3 Judicial Branch

EARLY AMERICA NOTES 10. Parts of the Constitution10. Parts of the Constitution

The third part of the Constitution are the 27 Amendments.Amendments are additions or changes to the Constitution.James Madison wrote the Bill of Rights, 12 Amendments were written 10 were ratified. Dec 15, 1791Madison is called the “Father of the Bill of Rights”.

The third part of the Constitution are the 27 Amendments.Amendments are additions or changes to the Constitution.James Madison wrote the Bill of Rights, 12 Amendments were written 10 were ratified. Dec 15, 1791Madison is called the “Father of the Bill of Rights”.

EARLY AMERICA NOTES 10. Parts of the Constitution10. Parts of the Constitution

THE END

THE END

CONSTITUTION

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

THE FEDERALIST PAPERSThe Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay included 85 essays to help convince the states to approve the Constitution.

8.RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION-continued

8.RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION-continued

All governments use some type of economy. Most economies are a mixture of different types.

CAPITALISMUnder a Capitalist economy the means of production are controlled by private business with little government control. Prices of goods and services depend on a free market economy of “supply and demand”. Capitalism leads to more technological and scientific advances. Examples… United States, Japan

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

Supply and DemandSupply and Demand

SOCIALISMThe government controls major businesses (electricity, transportation, healthcare). Citizens pay higher taxes, because the government provides many services. Socialist believe that the wealth of a nation should be spread out among the rich and poor. Examples… Canada, United Kingdom

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

COMMUNISMThe government controls all types of business. In theory under a communist form of economy, all citizens have everything provided for them. However, the government controls or limits what citizens will have. Little to no technological advances. Pure Communism has never been achieved.Examples… Former Soviet Union, China, Cuba, Venezuela, North Korea

1. Basics of Government

EARLY AMERICA NOTES

CommunismCommunism

Declaration of Independence

Turn to page 38 of the Civics Book

Historical Documents

Read the First Paragraph

What would you say is the purpose of this introductory paragraph to the Declaration of Independence?

Desire for Freedom, reasons why we wanted to be Free and Independent, to outline the specific complaints.

Seat 18

Declaration of Independence

Continue on page 38 of the Civics Book

Historical Documents

Read the Second Paragraph to the phrase “their Safety and Happiness.

What are the 3 Natural Rights that John Locke said everyone is born with?

A) Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happinessB) Freedom of Speech, Press, and ReligionC) Legislative, Executive, and JudicialD) None of these

CLASS

D) None of these

John Locke said if a government misuses or abuses its power the people have the right to overthrow by force if necessary, he called this?

A) Principles of FreedomB) Bill of RightsC) Three Branches of GovernmentD) Theory of Revolution

Seat 13

D) Theory of Revolution

The 3rd Part of the Declaration of Independence blames who for all the problems in the colonies?

A) King JohnB) Prince CharlesC) Queen Elizabeth IID) King George III

Class

D) King George III