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INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH PAPERINDIVIDUAL RESEARCH PAPER
ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION CAN BEEFFECTIVELY USED TO
MINIMIZE THE LOAD SHEDDING
SQUENCE OF PRESENTATIONSQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. OBJECTIVE. EXISTING ENERGY SITUATION IN
PAKISTAN. FUTURE ENERGY FORECAST. FUTURE GENERATION PROJECTS. ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIIAL IN
PAKISTAN ENERGY CONSERVATION &
MANAGEMENT.
SQUENCE OF PRESENTATIONSQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT.
METHODS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY CONSERVATION.
CONCLUSION. RECOMMENDATIONS.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYEXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN TODAY’S WORLD, THE ENERGY IS BASIC
NEED OF MANKIND. EVERY THING HAS GOT DIRECT OR INDIRECT RELEVANCE WITH IT AND EVERY ACTIVITY REVOLVES AROUND IT.
ITS VITAL IMPORTANCE RENDERS IT ONE OF THE CORNER STONES OF DEVELOPMENT.
UNFORTUNATELY COUNTRY’S POWER SECTOR IS PRESENTLY EXPERIENCING ONE OF THE WORST CRISIS IN THE HISTORY. THE CURRENT SPATE OF POWER SHORTAGE IS THREATENING TO DERAIL RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYEXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE SCENARIO CALLS FOR MULTI PRONGED
APPROACH AND ISSUE HAVE TO BE ADDRESSED THROUGH SHORT TERM & LONG TERM SOLUTIONS.
BOTH THE SOLUTIONS EVEN REQUIRES A HUGE CAPITAL AND TIME, SO ENERGY CONSERVATION IS THE ONLY TOOL WHICH CAN BE ADOPTED RIGHT NOW TO MINIMIZE THE LOAD SHEDDING.
IN THIS WAY WE CAN MANAGE THE GAP BETWEEN SUPPLY SIDE – DEMAND SIDE, WHICH ULTIMATELY REDUCES THE LOAD SHEDDING DEMAND
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES TO IDENTIFY / DETECT THE AREAS /
SECTORS WHERE WASTEFUL OR UNNECESSARY ENERGY IS BEING UTILIZED.
TO EXPLORE WAYS AND MEANS TO KEEP THE USE OF WASTEFUL ENERGY TO BARE MINIMUM OR TO COMPLETELY ELIMINATE IT.
TO MAKE PEOPLE AWARE OF THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF WASTAGE ENERGY.
TO DECREASE THE LOAD DEMAND OF THE SYSTEM WHICH IN TURN REDUCES THE LOAD SHEDDING.
EXISTING ENERGY SITUATION IN WAPDAEXISTING ENERGY SITUATION IN WAPDA
1. INSTALLED CAPACITY THE TOTAL HYDROELECTRIC POWER
CAPACITY OF THE WAPDA SYSTEM FROM 14 STATIONS IS 6463 MW. THE INSTALLED THERMAL CAPACITY OF THE WAPDA SYSTEM IS 4744 MW WITH PRESENT CAPABILITY OF 3927MW.
DERATION IN THE CAPACITY IS MAINLY DUE TO AGING FACTOR, USE OF FURNACE OIL.
THE TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY IN WAPDA THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN AS UNDER.
Installed Generating CapacityInstalled Generating Capacity
SourceCapacity
(MW)%age
Hydel 6,464 37.1GENCOs 4,744 27.3Rental 285 0.9IPPs 5,760 32.9Nuclear 325 1.9Total 17,578 100
GENCOs27%
Rental2%
Hydel36%
Nuclear2%IPPs
33%
ENERGY GENERATIONENERGY GENERATION
PRESENTLY THE HYDRO POWER SUPPLIED IN THE SYSTEM IS 37% WHICH WAS AT ONE TIME ACCOUNTED FOR 65% OF THE TOTAL POWER GENERATION .
MAXIMUM GENERATIONMAXIMUM GENERATION
MONTH (MW)JULY -06 13531
AUGUST 13616
SEPTEMBER 12947
OCTOBER 13971
NOVEMBER 12537
DECEMBER 10897
JANUARY-07 11039
FEBRUARY 12552
MARCH 11171
APRIL 13002
MAY 13567
JUNE 13292
MAXIMUM UNITS GENERATION(M KWh)MAXIMUM UNITS GENERATION(M KWh)
YEAR M KWh2000 55873
01 58455
02 60860
03 64040
04 69094
05 73520
06 82225
07 87835
PRESENT ENERGY DEMANDPRESENT ENERGY DEMAND
11,285
12,595
13,847
15,83816,056
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
Dem
and
(M
W)
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
PRESENT ENERGY GENERATION VS ENERGY DEMANDPRESENT ENERGY GENERATION VS ENERGY DEMAND
Year DateRecorded
PeakLoad Shed
Computed Peak
% Rise
2003-04 23-Aug 11,194 91 11,285 8.00 2004-05 25-Jun 12,385 210 12,595 11.61 2005-06 28-Jun 12,600 1,247 13,847 9.94 2006-07 11-Jun 13,292 2,546 15,838 14.38
(Values in MW)
MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS GENERATION & LOAD SHEDDING GENERATION & LOAD SHEDDING
PERIOD MAX. DEMAND (MW)
MAX. GEN. DEMAND
LOAD SHED (MW)
JULY 14238 13531 1820
AUGUST 14013 13616 1028
SEPTEMBER 13976 12947 1029
OCT 13717 13971 1011
NOV 12073 12537 242
DEC 11743 10897 1943
Contd..
MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS GENERATION & LOAD SHEDDING GENERATION & LOAD SHEDDING
PERIOD MAX. DEMAND (MW)
MAX. GEN. DEMAND
LOAD SHED (MW)
JAN 12093 11039 1735
FEB 11590 12552 849
MAR 12311 11171 1347
APR 13843 13002 1334
MAY 14650 13567 1201
JUNE 15838 13292 2868
Historical Surplus/Deficit(2002 – 2007)
YEAR
WAPDA SYSTEM
Installed Capacity
Firm Capability
Computed Peak Demand
Surplus/ Shortfall
2001-02 15819 10894 10459 435
2002-03 15819 10958 11044 -86
2003-04 17299 11834 11598 236
2004-05 17350 12792 12595 197
2005-06 17400 12600 13847 -1247
2006-07 17366 13292 15838 -2546
16
Month-wise surplus/deficit (MW)Month Peak Demand Generation Surplus/deficit
Jan-07 12093 11039 -1054
Feb-07 11590 12552 962
Mar-07 12311 11171 -1140
Apr-07 13843 13002 -841
May-07 14650 13567 -1083
Jun-07 15838 13292 -2546
Jul-07 15941 13706 -2235
Aug-07 15862 13666 -2196
Sep-7 16056 13644 -2412
Oct-07 13737 14092 355
Nov-07 12401 11590 -811
Dec-07 12154 9679 -2475
Jan-08 12255 9104 -3151
Feb-08 12123 10122 -2001
Mar-08 13682 9845 -3837
Apr-08 15124 11568 -355617
FUTURE GENERATION PROJECTS*(2008-2011)
18
FiscalYear
Name of Project TypeInstalledCapacity
(MW)
Expected COD
CapacityAdded ineach Year
(MW)
TotalInstalledCapacity
(MW)
PIE AmPower Project IPP 390 Dec. 2010
Star Thermal Project IPP 134 Jan. 2011
CC at Chichoki Mallian Public 526 Mar. 2011
Bestway IPP 205 Mar. 2011
Guddu Steam Public 750 Apr. 2011
UCH-2 ICB Power Project IPP 450 Jun. 2011
Gulistan Project IPP 200 Jun. 2011
*Based on WPPO information dated 25 April 2008
MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS GENERATION MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS GENERATION & LOAD SHEDDING& LOAD SHEDDING
HISTORICAL LOAD GROWTH ~ 5%
DOUBLE DIGIT LOAD GROWTH IN THE PRECEDING 3 YEARS DUE TO FOLLOWING REASONS.
• HIGHER ECONOMIC & INDUSTRIOUS ACTIVITIES
• EXTENSIVE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION
• RAPID URBANIZATION
• POOR QUALITY OF LOCALLY MANUFACTURED ELECTRIC GADGETS
• SUBSIDIES TO SOME CATEGORIES
• RE-ATTRACTION OF LOST INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS
MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS MAXIMUM DEMAND RECORDED VS GENERATION & LOAD SHEDDING GENERATION & LOAD SHEDDING
THE PRESENT FAST INCREASING LOAD GROWTH HAS RESULTED IN GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION ISSUES THAT THREATEN THE RELIABILITY AND ECONOMICS OF EFFECTIVE ENERGY DELIVERY.
FUTURE ENERGY FORE CAST/ FUTURE ENERGY FORE CAST/ REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
THE GROWTH IN ELECTRIC ENERGY USE IN PAKISTAN IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN HIGH FOR MANY YEARS TO COME AND BY 2030. THE FORECAST LOAD DEMAND IS WORKED OUT ON THE BASIS OF ACTUAL DEMAND RECORDED DURING 2007 I.E 15138 MW AND APPLIED THE SAME GROWTH RATE EACH YEAR AS APPLIED IN THE GOP MTDF LOAD FORECAST. THESE PROJECTIONS OF LOAD SHOW AN ACCUMULATED GROWTH OF 10.44 FROM THE YEAR 2010 TO 2015.
LOAD FORECASTLOAD FORECASTBased on Regression AnalysisBased on Regression Analysis
(Revised April, 2008)(Revised April, 2008)
* Base year figure without export to KESC
Year MW G.R (%)
2006-07* 15138 2007-08 16484 8.92008-09 17868 8.42009-10 19352 8.3
A.C.G.R. (2006-2010) 8.52010-11 20874 7.92011-12 22460 7.62012-13 24126 7.42013-14 25919 7.42014-15 28029 8.1
A.C.G.R. (2010-2015) 7.7
22
FUTURE GENERATION PROJECTSFUTURE GENERATION PROJECTS
THE GROWTH IN THE LAST THREE YEARS WITNESSED THAT THERE IS A HUGE GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY WHICH IS THREATENING TO RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY.
TO MEET THE PROJECTED DEMAND OF WAPDA SYSTEM, A NUMBER HYDRO AND THERMAL PROJECTS, BOTH IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR ARE AT VARIOUS STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION.
HYDRO POWER PROJECTS UNDER TAKEN HYDRO POWER PROJECTS UNDER TAKEN BY WAPDA BY WAPDA
DESCRIPTION CAPACITY
IN OPERATION 6464 MW
UNDER CONSTRUCTION 1422 MW
HYDRO POWER PROJECTS UNDER TAKEN HYDRO POWER PROJECTS UNDER TAKEN BY WAPDA BY WAPDA
DESCRIPTION CAPACITYPROJECTS ANNOUNCED BY PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN FOR CONSTRUCTION
9523
I BASHA
II KALABAGH
III KURAM TANGI
IV AKHORI
V MUNDA
PROJECTS UNDER STUDIES 20770
TOTAL 381139
FUTURE GENERATION PROJECTS*(2008-2011)
*Based on WPPO information dated 25 April 200826
FiscalYear
Name of Project TypeInstalledCapacity
(MW)
Expected COD
CapacityAdded ineach Year
(MW)
TotalInstalledCapacity
(MW)
Existing Capacity 17684
2007-08 Malakand-III HPP Public 81 May. 2008 141 17825
Rehab. of GENCO Plants Public 60 Jun. 2008
2008-09 Orient Thermal (Balloki) IPP 150 Jul. 2008 2029 19854
Attock Power Project IPP 165 Oct. 2008
Rental Plant at F/Abad IPP 150 Nov. 2008
Rental Plant at Guddu IPP 110 Nov. 2008
Rental Plant at Multan IPP 192 Dec. 2008
Rental Plant at Sahiwal IPP 150 Dec. 2008
Rehab. of GENCO Plants IPP 240 Dec. 2008
Rental Plant at Satiana Road IPP 200 Jan. 2009
Orient Thermal(Balloki) IPP 75 Jan. 2009
FUTURE GENERATION PROJECTS*(2008-2011)
27
FiscalYear
Name of Project TypeInstalledCapacity
(MW)
Expected COD
CapacityAdded ineach Year
(MW)
TotalInstalledCapacity
(MW)
Rental Plant at Ludewala IPP 200 Feb. 2009
Rental Plant at Nooriabad IPP 100 Mar. 2009
Atlas Shirazi Project IPP 225 Mar. 2009
Khan Khwar HPP Public 72 Apr. 2009
2009-10 Duber Khwar HPP Public 130 Jul. 2009 2255 22109
Muridke Power Project IPP 225 Jul. 2009
Fauji Mari Power Proj IPP 202 Sep. 2009
F/Abad ICB Project Public 375 Nov. 2009
Dadu ICB Project Public 375 Nov. 2009
Nishat Power project IPP 200 Dec. 2009
Jinnah Low Head Hydel Public 96 Feb. 2010
Sahiwal Power Project IPP 225 Feb. 2010
*Based on WPPO information dated 25 April 2008
FUTURE GENERATION PROJECTS*(2008-2011)
28
FiscalYear
Name of Project TypeInstalledCapacity
(MW)
Expected COD
CapacityAdded ineach Year
(MW)
TotalInstalledCapacity
(MW)
Engro Power Project IPP 227 Jun. 2010
Nishat Chunian Project IPP 200 Jun. 2010
2010-11 Allai Khwar HPP Public 121 Jul. 2010 4856 26965
C.C. at F/Abad Public 125 Nov. 2010
C.C. at Dadu Public 125 Nov. 2010
Nandipur Power project Public 425 Dec. 2010
Bhikki Power Project IPP 225 Dec. 2010
Western ElectricProject IPP 150 Dec. 2010
Green Power Project IPP 205 Dec. 2010
KAPCO Extension IPP 400 Dec. 2010
HUBCO Narowal IPP 225 Dec. 2010
Liberty Power IPP 200 Dec. 2010
*Based on WPPO information dated 25 April 2008
ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN PAKISTAN PAKISTAN
ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN PAKISTAN PAKISTAN
INDUSTRY % REDUCTION IN ENERGY USE PER UNIT PRODUCTION
METALLURGICAL 5-10
CEMENT 10-20
PETROLEUM 10-20
PULP AND PAPER 20-25
ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN PAKISTANENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN PAKISTAN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR SAVING POTENTIAL (%)AGRICULTURE 5-15
PAPER 10
GLASS / CERAMIC 10-15
COMMERCIAL BUILDING 10-25
FOOD & BEVERAGE 10-30
TEXTILE 14-30
FERTILIZER 16-30
CEMENT 20-40
IRON / STEEL 23
PETROCHEMICAL 35
DOMESTIC 10-15
PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES 10
ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN PAKISTANENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL IN PAKISTAN
LATEST INFORMATION ON WEBSITE OF ENERCON AS UNDER:
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR SAVING POTENTIAL (%)
AGRICULTURE 20%
INDUSTRY 25%
BUILDING 30%
TRANSPORT 25%
ENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MANAGEMENT
IT IS SAID THAT A WATT SAVED IS A WATT GENERATED, BETTER IT IS MUCH CHEAPER TO SAVE THAN GENERATE A WATT. THEREFORE IT IS HIGHLY LOGICAL AND NEED OF THE DAY TO GIVE PRIME IMPORTANCE TO ENERGY MANAGEMENT / CONSERVATION.
ENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MANAGEMENT
THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT / CONSERVATION ENCOMPASSES IN IT WAYS AND MEANS OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ENERGY. IT SHOULD NOT BE ASSOCIATED WITH RATIONING OR CURTAILMENT OF ENERGY SUPPLY SERVICES. ACTUALLY IT MEANS IDENTIFYING AREAS OF WASTEFUL USE OF ENERGY AND TAKING ACTION TO REDUCE THE WASTE TO A BARE MINIMUM OR ELIMINATE THE WASTE COMPLETELY. MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICAL TECHNIQUES BE APPLIED TO HAVE OPTIMUM AND EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY.
ENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MANAGEMENT
THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT / CONSERVATION ENCOMPASSES IN IT WAYS AND MEANS OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ENERGY. IT SHOULD NOT BE ASSOCIATED WITH RATIONING OR CURTAILMENT OF ENERGY SUPPLY SERVICES. ACTUALLY IT MEANS IDENTIFYING AREAS OF WASTEFUL USE OF ENERGY AND TAKING ACTION TO REDUCE THE WASTE TO A BARE MINIMUM OR ELIMINATE THE WASTE COMPLETELY.
ENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MANAGEMENT
ENERGY CONSERVATION WILL PROVIDE FOLLOWING BENEFITS TO THE INDIVIDUAL CONSUMER AS WELL AS FOR THE COUNTRY.
1. REDUCE THE ENERGY BILL OF THE INDIVIDUAL CONSUMER TO CUSHION AGAINST INFLATION.
2. REDUCES THE ENERGY / LOAD DEMAND WHICH ULTIMATE REDUCES THE LOAD MANAGEMENT / LOAD SHEDDING TO MINIMUM.
3. REDUCES THE INPUT BILL.
ENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MANAGEMENT
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE SURVIVAL OF OUR NATION AS PAKISTAN IS AN ENERGY DEFICIENT COUNTRY. WE CAN STIMULATE / ACHIEVE ENERGY CONSERVATION THROUGH:
I. AWARENESSII. TRAININGIII. DEMONSTRATIONIV. PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND ADVISORY
SERVICESV. FINANCIAL INCENTIVESVI. POLICY FORMATION
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
DOMESTIC SECTOR ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IS
ABOUT 46% OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION THIS SECTOR
Consumption (MkWh) by Economic Consumption (MkWh) by Economic GroupGroup
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
2000-2001 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06Period
Domestic CommercialIndustrial AgricultureOthers
Commercial6%
Industrial28%
Agriculture13%
Others6%
Domestic46%
CONSERVATION IN LIGHTING COMMERCIAL BUILDING AND
RESIDENTIAL HOMES UTILIZE FROM 25-50% OF THE ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION FOR LIGHTING. THE CORRECT CHOICE OF BULBS CAN SAVE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY, TO BE USED IN OTHER IMPORTANT AREAS OF THE ECONOMY.
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONPOTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
DOMESTIC CONSUMERS GROWTH RATEDOMESTIC CONSUMERS GROWTH RATE
YEAR %AGE2001 5.67
02 2.65
03 1.49
04 8.69
05 6.10
06 12.30
07 14.3
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
REPLACEMENT OF INCANDESCENT BULBS WITH COMPACT FLUORESCENT BULBS.
COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS ARE FOUR TO FIVE TIMES MORE EFFICIENT THAN INCANDESCENT ONES AND HIGH RATED LIVES OVER TEN TIMES LONGER.
HIGH-PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS COMBINE HIGH EFFICIENCY WITH LONG LAMP LIFE AND ARE USED EXTENSIVELY FOR OUT DOOR AND PUBLIC LIGHTING.
Impact of Replacing one Tube with Impact of Replacing one Tube with Energy SaverEnergy Saver
1 Load of Energy Saver 20 Watts
2Load of Tube Light (40 Watt) with Choke (Average)
55 Watts
3Saving for Consumer due to Reduction in Load per replacement
35 Watts
4 No. of FESCO Consumers 2,077,747
5No of Energy Savers Required to supply one Saver to each consumer
2,077,747
6Reduction in Load Demand if Each Consumer of FESCO Replaces one Tube of 40 Watts
72,721,145 Watts
7Saving in Generation with load reduction of FESCO and associated loss (25%) to WAPDA
96,961,527 Watts
Note: There will be additional reduction in Reactive Load by this replacement & a resultant reduction in overall system losses of Utility as well as Consumers
Impact of Replacing one Bulb with Impact of Replacing one Bulb with Energy SaverEnergy Saver
1 Load of Energy Saver 20 Watts
2 Load of Bulb 100 Watts
3Saving for Consumer due to Reduction in Load per replacement
80 Watts
4 No. of FESCO Consumers 2,077,747
5No of Energy Savers Required to supply one Saver to each consumer
2,077,747
6Reduction in Load if Each Consumer of FESCO Replaces one Tube
166,219,760 Watts
7Saving in Generation with load reduction of FESCO and associated loss (25%) to WAPDA
221,626,347 Watts
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
THE STUDY, RESEARCH OF SAVING OF ELECTRICITY BY REPLACING THE INCANDESCENT BULBS, TUBE LIGHTS WITH COMPACT FLORESCENT BULBS IS AS UNDER:
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
Load of Energy Saver 20 WattsLoad of Tube Light (40 Watt) with Choke (Average)
55
Watts
Saving for Consumer due to Reduction in Load per replacement
35
Watts
No. of FESCO Consumers 2,077,747
No of Energy Savers Required to supply one Saver to each consumer
2,077,747
Reduction in Load Demand if Each Consumer of FESCO Replaces one Tube of 40 Watts
72,721,145
Watts
Saving in Generation with load reduction of FESCO and associated loss (25%) to WAPDA
96,961,527
Watts
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
Load of Energy Saver 20 WattsLoad of Bulb
100 Watts
Saving for Consumer due to Reduction in Load per replacement
80
No. of FESCO Consumers 2,077,747 No of Energy Savers Required to supply one Saver to each consumer
2,077,747 Watts
Reduction in Load if Each Consumer of FESCO Replaces one Tube
166,219,760 Watts
Saving in Generation with load reduction of FESCO and associated loss (25%) to WAPDA
221,626,347 Watts
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
CONSERVATION IN ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
COMMERCIAL ALL THE SHOPPING MALLS, SHOPPING
CENTERS BE CLOSED BY 8.00 P.M. BILL-BOARDS, ADVERTISEMENT SIGNS AND
EVEN MOVIES WILL NOT OPERATE DURING THE PEAK HOURS
ALL LIGHTING RELATING CEREMONIES FUNCTIONS AND ENTERTAINMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO BE SHUT DOWN DURING PEAK HOURS.
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
ALL THE POINTS DISCUSSED FR DOMESTIC HOLD GOOD FOR COMMERCIAL CONSUMERS ALSO. IN ADDITION FOLLOWING ASPECTS NEEDS TO
BE EMPHASIZED.
1. APPROPRIATE SELECTION OF LUMINARIES.2. ECONOMIC SCHEDULING AIR CONDITIONING PLANT
OPERATION.3. PROPER MAINTENANCE OF AIR CONDITION PLANT.4. CENTRAL CONTROL OF UTILITY LIGHTS.5. USE OF PROPER REFLECTORS FOR DISPLAY LIGHTS.6. CURTAILING OF LIGHTING TIME OF ADVERTISING
DISPLAYS.7. USE OF DOOR – KEY SWITCHES IN HOTEL ROOMS.
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
ESTIMATED LOAD DEMAND SAVING DURING
PEAK HOURS = SYSTEM LOAD DEMAND X % COMM. LOAD X LOAD FACTOR
= 12000 X 0.06 X 0.3 = 216 MW
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS STAGGERING OF HOLIDAYS BE STRETCHED OVER
SIX DAYS INSTEAD OF SUNDAY/FRIDAY.
APPROPRIATE CAPACITY OF MOTORS WITH PROPER SWITCH GEARS AND SAFETY CONTROLS FOR OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY.
IMPROVEMENT OF POWER FACTOR RESULTS IN REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
PREVENTION OF IDLE RUNNING OF MOTORS.
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS PLUGGING OF LEAKS IN COMPRESSED AIR CIRCUITS,
STEAM CIRCUITS, ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, WATER CIRCUITS, COLD AIR DUCTS, AND PROPER INSULATION OF STEAM CIRCUITS, HOT WATER CIRCUITS AND AIR CONDITIONING DUCTS CAN HELP A LOT TO CONSERVE ENERGY
EXTERIOR LIGHTS SHOULD BE LOW POWER HIGH LUMENS. MOREOVER THEIR MAINTENANCE CLEANNESS AND PROPER CONTROL OVER SWITCHING OFF TIMINGS IS THE ESSENCE OF CONSERVATION.
BY CONTROLLING PEAK DEMANDS AND KEEPING LOAD FACTORS CLOSE TO UNITY AN INDUSTRY CAN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE ITS ELECTRICAL COSTS.
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS
ESTIMATED LOAD DEMAND SAVING DURING
PEAK HOURS = SYSTEM LOAD DEMAND X % IND. LOAD X LOAD FACTOR
= 12000 X 0.26 X 0.1 = 312 MW
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS
WAPDA HAS INTRODUCE INCENTIVE DURING OFF PEAK IN NIGHY HOURS FOR AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS FROM 10.00 P.M TO 6.00 A.M.
ESTIMATED LOAD DEMAND SAVING DURING
PEAK HOURS = SYSTEM LOAD DEMAND X % AGRI. LOAD X LOAD FACTOR
= 12000 X 0.08 X 0.2 = 192 MW
POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY POTENTIAL SECTORS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES
WATER SUPPLY SEWERAGE PUBLIC LIGHTING REDUCTION IN ENERGY LOSSES CO-GENERATION PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES IMPROVEMENT IN REFRIGERATION
EFFICIENCY
METHODS FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT METHODS FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC AWARENESS
STAFF TRAINING AND PARTICIPATION
ENERGY MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
ENERGY CONSERVATION IS THE CHEAPEST AND QUICKEST MEAN OF OBTAINING ADDITIONAL SUPPLY OF ENERGY.
THE SCOPE AND IMPACT OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IS IMMENSE AND FAR – REACHING.
CONSERVATION IS POSSIBLE ONLY BY MAKING PEOPLE AWARE OF THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE WASTAGE OF ENERGY.
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
REDUCE DEMAND TO AVOID LOAD SHEDDING.
REDUCE NEED FOR ENERGY IMPORT, THUS SAVING OF NATIONAL EXCHEQUER.
IMPROVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE POSITION.
GREATER PRODUCTIVITY / PROFITABILITY INDUSTRIES
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
ENERGY CONSERVATION/MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFICIENT UTILIZATION IN ALL ITS FORMS IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN.
THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT / CONSERVATION CAN PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN KEEPING THE GAP BETWEEN GENERATION AND DEMAND AS NARROW AS POSSIBLE.
ENERGY CONSERVATION IS THE TOOL OF EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY WITHOUT REDUCING PRODUCTION LEVEL AND WITHOUT SCARIFYING PRODUCT QUALITY, SAFETY OR ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS.
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOLLOWING RECOMMENDATIONS IS NOT AN EASY TASK, BUT FOR THE SURVIVAL OF NATION IT DEMANDS SACRIFICES, COMMITMENT, DEVOTION, DEDICATION, UNTIRING EFFORTS AND SELFLESS SERVICES.
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS MANUFACTURING AND USE OF ENERGY EFFICIENT
SAVER / DEVICES AND EQUIPMENTS SHOULD BE PROMOTED.
ENERGY / MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE MADE EFFECTIVE BY EDUCATION, AWARENESS AND REGULATION.
ENERGY AUDIT SURVEY BE CARRIED OUT FOR ALL INDUSTRIES, PLANTS, COMMERCIAL AND HOUSES, SO AS TO IDENTIFY THE AVAILABLE AREAS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS MUST BE FOLLOWED STRICTLY.
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES BE PROVIDED TO THOSE WHO WANT TO IMPLEMENT ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAMME. LIKE AS TOU TARIFF FOR ALL CATEGORIES OF CONSUMERS
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
GOVT. / DISCO,S SHOULD SET UP ENERGY CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT AT EVERY LEVEL WHICH SHOULD ENFORCE THE SUGGESTED ENERGY SAVING METHODS BY EDUCATION AND REGULATION.
MASS EDUCATION ON PRINT AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA WILL HELP IN IDENTIFYING THE ENERGY WASTE AREAS FOR STOPPING THE SAME.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT / CONSERVATION PROGRAMME SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN LETTER AND SPIRIT IN ALL SECTORS.
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
EXPLORATION OF NEW RESERVES OF OIL, GAS AND COAL BE ACCELERATED. THE OFF SHORE EXPLORATION OF OIL AND GAS IN THE ARABIAN SEA SHOULD BE GIVEN SERIOUS THOUGHT AS THERE ARE AMPLE OPPORTUNITIES OF NEW RESERVES.
BECAUSE OF EARLIER DEPLETION OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCES, COAL FIRED POWER STATIONS, NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS AND HYDEL POWER STATION SHOULD BE INSTALLED TO MEET THE GROWING DEMAND OF POWER.
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES OF ENERGY BE INTENSIFIED IN THE
FOLLOWING AREAS.
SOLAR ENERGY. WIND MILLS. TIDE WAVES. GEO THERMAL.
FACILITIES TO TRAINS THE STAFF IN ADOPTING TOTAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME BE PROVIDED IN ALL BIG CITIES OF COUNTRY.
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