drug facilitated sexual assault
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DRUG FACILITATED DRUG FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULTSEXUAL ASSAULT
(Content areas reflective of current (Content areas reflective of current practice 7/16/09 – revise as practice 7/16/09 – revise as
appropriate to reflect current appropriate to reflect current standards of care.)standards of care.)
Drug Facilitated Sexual Drug Facilitated Sexual AssaultAssault
““Sexual assault facilitated by the Sexual assault facilitated by the offender’s use of an “anesthesia-type” offender’s use of an “anesthesia-type” drug which, when administered to the drug which, when administered to the victim, (stealthily or not) rendered the victim, (stealthily or not) rendered the victim “physically incapacitated or victim “physically incapacitated or helpless” and thus incapable of giving or helpless” and thus incapable of giving or not giving consent.”not giving consent.”
American Prosecutor’s American Prosecutor’s Research Research Institute - 1999Institute - 1999
What is Drug Facilitated What is Drug Facilitated Rape?Rape?
Classic ‘slipping a mickey’Classic ‘slipping a mickey’ Recreational drug use by victimRecreational drug use by victim Victim mixing Rx or OTC meds with Victim mixing Rx or OTC meds with
ETOH or Recreational drugsETOH or Recreational drugs
MOST Common “Date MOST Common “Date Rape” DrugsRape” Drugs
GHB GHB KetamineKetamine EcstasyEcstasy AlcoholAlcohol
Challenges Surrounding Challenges Surrounding ReportingReporting
Is it even reported ?Is it even reported ? Time elapsed since druggingTime elapsed since drugging Convincing law enforcementConvincing law enforcement Is the victim being truthful?Is the victim being truthful?
Challenges With Evidence Challenges With Evidence CollectionCollection
Proper specimensProper specimens Enough specimensEnough specimens Preservation of specimensPreservation of specimens Testing facilitiesTesting facilities
Signs of Date Rape Signs of Date Rape DruggingDrugging
Victim REPORTS:Victim REPORTS: Recalls having a drink but doesn’t Recalls having a drink but doesn’t
remember what happened afterwardremember what happened afterward Feeling very drunk after one or two Feeling very drunk after one or two
drinksdrinks Suddenly feeling very nauseated after Suddenly feeling very nauseated after
one or two drinks or no ETOHone or two drinks or no ETOH Wake up feeling like someone had sex Wake up feeling like someone had sex
with them, but doesn’t remember who, with them, but doesn’t remember who, where or when.where or when.
ScenarioScenario
Female aged 15-25, at a bar, club or Female aged 15-25, at a bar, club or private partyprivate party
Given a beverage she didn’t see Given a beverage she didn’t see poured, or left her drink unattendedpoured, or left her drink unattended
Sudden onset nausea; goes to the Sudden onset nausea; goes to the bathroombathroom
Male waiting outside bathroom, Male waiting outside bathroom, expresses concern, offers to accompany expresses concern, offers to accompany female outside for air or a ride home.female outside for air or a ride home.
Scenario (cont.)Scenario (cont.)
Female wakes up 1 – 12 hours laterFemale wakes up 1 – 12 hours later
in her carin her car
in her homein her home
next to a stranger in unfamiliar next to a stranger in unfamiliar surroundingssurroundings
in an isolated locationin an isolated location Complains of confusion, HA, genital Complains of confusion, HA, genital
sorenesssoreness Clothing messed up, some articles missingClothing messed up, some articles missing
Scenario (cont.)Scenario (cont.)
Victim has no memory or only flashesVictim has no memory or only flashes May recall being awake but unable to May recall being awake but unable to
move extremitiesmove extremities Perpetrator may tell her that she Perpetrator may tell her that she
consentedconsented Victim often too confused or Victim often too confused or
embarrassed to tell anyone or report embarrassed to tell anyone or report to police because she can’t rememberto police because she can’t remember
Ethanol (ETOH)Ethanol (ETOH)
What makes ethanol a good DFSA drug?What makes ethanol a good DFSA drug? Easy to obtainEasy to obtain Most commonly associated with rapeMost commonly associated with rape Victims commonly consume voluntarilyVictims commonly consume voluntarily May cause decreases inhibitions, impaired May cause decreases inhibitions, impaired
perceptions, loss of consciousness, amnesiaperceptions, loss of consciousness, amnesia Prosecution doubtfulProsecution doubtful CNS depressant, enhancing effect of other CNS depressant, enhancing effect of other
drugsdrugs Associated with risk behaviorsAssociated with risk behaviors
Pharmacology of EthanolPharmacology of Ethanol
PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetics Rapidly absorbed into bloodstreamRapidly absorbed into bloodstream Distribution to entire body including Distribution to entire body including
CNSCNS Rapidly eliminatedRapidly eliminated
Detection periods:Detection periods: Blood 5 – 15 hrs.Blood 5 – 15 hrs. Urine 5- 24 hrs.Urine 5- 24 hrs.
Gammahydroxybuterol Gammahydroxybuterol GHBGHB
Liquid ELiquid EGrievous Bodily HarmGrievous Bodily Harm
SoapSoapGeorgia Home BoyGeorgia Home Boy
Easy LayEasy LayScoopScoop
Salty WaterSalty WaterBlue VerveBlue Verve
GoopGoopGG
Gamma - ohGamma - oh
GHBGHB
Naturally occurring metabolite of GABANaturally occurring metabolite of GABA Strong CNS depressantStrong CNS depressant Abuse / MisuseAbuse / Misuse
bodybuildersbodybuilders
recreationalrecreational
DFSADFSA Detectable less than 8 hrs. in blood; less Detectable less than 8 hrs. in blood; less
than 12 hrs. in urinethan 12 hrs. in urine
GHBGHB
Made in clandestine labsMade in clandestine labs Ingredients include industrial Ingredients include industrial
degreaser and lyedegreaser and lye End product a tasteless – colorless End product a tasteless – colorless
liquidliquid Street Cost: $10 per doseStreet Cost: $10 per dose Greatly enhanced with ETOHGreatly enhanced with ETOH
What Makes GHB A Good What Makes GHB A Good DFSA Drug?DFSA Drug?
Easy to obtainEasy to obtain Fast acting sedative propertiesFast acting sedative properties Mimics ethanolMimics ethanol AmnesiacAmnesiac Rapidly eliminatedRapidly eliminated Majority of labs do not have assaysMajority of labs do not have assays Naturally occurringNaturally occurring
KetamineKetamine
Special KSpecial K
Vitamin KVitamin K
JetJet
Super AcidSuper Acid
BumpBump
Kit KatKit Kat
Cat ValiumCat Valium
KetamineKetamine
Since 1972, anesthetic induction Since 1972, anesthetic induction agentagent
Vets - Watch robberiesVets - Watch robberies Structurally similar to PCPStructurally similar to PCP Increasingly popular hallucinogenIncreasingly popular hallucinogen Described as superior to PCP and Described as superior to PCP and
LSDLSD $40 - $50 / ½ gram$40 - $50 / ½ gram
KetamineKetamine
““K Hole” Businessman’s LSDK Hole” Businessman’s LSDmind body separationmind body separationnear death experiencenear death experienceextremely short half lifeextremely short half lifego into “K Hole” then get back go into “K Hole” then get back
to to workwork Able to follow instructions and Able to follow instructions and
obey commandsobey commands
What Makes Ketamine A What Makes Ketamine A Good DFSA Drug?Good DFSA Drug?
Dissociative, analgesic and mild Dissociative, analgesic and mild sedative effectssedative effects
Popular drug of abusePopular drug of abuse Readily availableReadily available Often victim voluntarily ingestsOften victim voluntarily ingests
EcstacyEcstacy
X X
XTC XTC
CandyCandy
Love DrugLove Drug
Light ShowLight Show
Hug DrugHug Drug
SmurfsSmurfs
Love DrugLove Drug
EcstacyEcstacy
Chemical Name MDMAChemical Name MDMAmethelenedioxymethamphetaminemethelenedioxymethamphetamine
Central nervous system stimulantCentral nervous system stimulant Increases BP and HRIncreases BP and HR Often highly elevated core body temps Often highly elevated core body temps
of over 105of over 105 Rapid dehydration – H2O Rapid dehydration – H2O intoxicationintoxication Street Cost: $8 - $20 per pillStreet Cost: $8 - $20 per pill Holiday stamps on tabletsHoliday stamps on tablets
What Makes Ecstasy A What Makes Ecstasy A Good DFSA Drug?Good DFSA Drug?
The “love drug” or “hug drug”The “love drug” or “hug drug” The “perfect high”The “perfect high” Becoming very popular “club drug”Becoming very popular “club drug” Often voluntarily ingestedOften voluntarily ingested Intense thirst and need to suck, grind Intense thirst and need to suck, grind
teeth and clench jawsteeth and clench jaws Increased perception of sensory stimuli:Increased perception of sensory stimuli:
lights brighter with trailslights brighter with trailsskin surfaces more sensitiveskin surfaces more sensitive
Recommendations for Recommendations for Victims of DFSAVictims of DFSA
Collect first urine in a clean containerCollect first urine in a clean container Ask trusted people for helpAsk trusted people for help Call policeCall police Get to a SANE teamGet to a SANE team Be truthful about any ethanol or Be truthful about any ethanol or
recreational drugs on boardrecreational drugs on board Save the glass, can or bottleSave the glass, can or bottle
Recommendations for Recommendations for Medical ProfessionalsMedical Professionals
Get 100 cc of urine if reported within first 96 Get 100 cc of urine if reported within first 96 hrs.hrs.
Get blood if within 24 hrs.Get blood if within 24 hrs. 10cc in grey top tube10cc in grey top tube Big red tubeBig red tube
Hair samples in research – longer windowHair samples in research – longer window Immediately refrigerate up to 7 d and frozen Immediately refrigerate up to 7 d and frozen
if over 7 days (make LE aware!)if over 7 days (make LE aware!) Follow local procedure for analyzing Follow local procedure for analyzing
specimensspecimens Discuss local protocol / forms / lab venuesDiscuss local protocol / forms / lab venues
ConclusionsConclusions
DFSA cases are increasing, esp. on campusDFSA cases are increasing, esp. on campus Many different drugs, not just ones in Many different drugs, not just ones in
mediamedia Many challenges to be overcome:Many challenges to be overcome:
education of kids, esp. teen girlseducation of kids, esp. teen girls
education of medical personneleducation of medical personnel
education of law enforcement/judicialeducation of law enforcement/judicial
thorough investigation a MUSTthorough investigation a MUST
teamwork is vital SART approachteamwork is vital SART approach
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