drill how is specific defense different from non- specific defense? what cell is needed to...

DrillDrill How is specific defense different from non-specific How is specific defense different from non-specific

defense?defense?

What cell is needed to activate both defenses?What cell is needed to activate both defenses?

What cells are produced from the T cell line? What cells are produced from the T cell line? What cells are produced from the B cell line?What cells are produced from the B cell line?

Which cell type is needed to activate the B cell Which cell type is needed to activate the B cell line?line?

DrillDrill

What is the difference What is the difference between specific and between specific and non-specific non-specific response?response?

Objective(s)Objective(s) Types of non specific Types of non specific

response.response. Brain dissectionBrain dissection

DrillDrill Explain the difference Explain the difference

between a non specific between a non specific response and a specific response and a specific response.response.

State 2 non specific State 2 non specific responses.responses.

Objective(s)Objective(s) Types of specific Types of specific

response.response. Brain dissectionBrain dissection

DrillDrill What is the purpose of What is the purpose of

antibodies?antibodies?

How are the constant and How are the constant and variable regions on variable regions on antibodies different?antibodies different?

Which region from above Which region from above attaches to the antibodies?attaches to the antibodies?

Objective(s)Objective(s)

Explain the cell mediated Explain the cell mediated responseresponse

DrillDrill Name the 2 types of Name the 2 types of

lymphocytes and their lymphocytes and their location of development.location of development.

Where are they stored after Where are they stored after their development?their development?

Objective(S).Objective(S).

Describe how antibodies are Describe how antibodies are produced and time frame of produced and time frame of production.production.

List and describe the diseases List and describe the diseases of the lymphatic system.of the lymphatic system.

How is natural How is natural immunity different immunity different from artificial from artificial immunity? immunity?

How is active How is active immunity different immunity different from passive from passive immunity?immunity?

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

I. Lymphatic NetworkI. Lymphatic NetworkA. FunctionsA. Functions

1. __________________- Transport lost fluid 1. __________________- Transport lost fluid (lymph) back to the circulatory system.(lymph) back to the circulatory system.

2. __________________ the body against 2. __________________ the body against pathogens.pathogens.

3. ______absorption.3. ______absorption.

B. Lymphatic CapillariesB. Lymphatic Capillaries1. Microscopic ______________ found between cells.1. Microscopic ______________ found between cells.(Not found in the brain, spinal cord, bone, (Not found in the brain, spinal cord, bone, epidermis)epidermis)2. Similar to ______________ .2. Similar to ______________ .

3. ______________ Joined endothelial cells3. ______________ Joined endothelial cells

C. Lymphatic VesselsC. Lymphatic Vessels1. ______________ three layers1. ______________ three layers

D. Lymph NodesD. Lymph Nodes

ReviewReview

Name the functions of the lymphatic Name the functions of the lymphatic system.system.

State why lymphatic vessels are similar to State why lymphatic vessels are similar to veins.veins.

E. Lymphatic Trunks & E. Lymphatic Trunks & Collecting DuctsCollecting Ducts1. ______________ – merging 1. ______________ – merging vessels.vessels.

2. ______________ – One 2. ______________ – One duct before returning back duct before returning back to the heart.to the heart.

a. ______________ – left a. ______________ – left side of the head, neck, side of the head, neck, thorax, left arm, entire thorax, left arm, entire lower body.lower body.

1. Empties into 1. Empties into ____ subclavin____ subclavin

2. Originates 2. Originates from from ______________. ______________.

b. ______________ b. ______________ Duct – Right side of Duct – Right side of

the head, neck, the head, neck, right armright arm

1. Empties into 1. Empties into _______ subclavin_______ subclavin

F. Lymph MovementF. Lymph Movement

1. Formation – Interstitial fluid formed by movement 1. Formation – Interstitial fluid formed by movement of blood plasma out of the capillary bed.of blood plasma out of the capillary bed.

a. Increased interstitial fluid, ______________ a. Increased interstitial fluid, ______________ ______________ forces lymph pores open – fluid flows ______________ forces lymph pores open – fluid flows ______.______.

2. Movement2. Movement

a. Force of interstitial fluid entering vessela. Force of interstitial fluid entering vessel

b. Similar to veins:b. Similar to veins:

1. ______________ 1. ______________

2. ______________ Skeletal movement.2. ______________ Skeletal movement.

ReviewReview

How is a lymphatic trunk different from a How is a lymphatic trunk different from a lymphatic duct.lymphatic duct.

Which ducts drain the right side of the Which ducts drain the right side of the body? body?

Which ducts drain the left half of the body?Which ducts drain the left half of the body?

II. Lymphatic OrgansII. Lymphatic OrgansA. True organsA. True organs

1. ______________ tissue containing lymphocytes (white 1. ______________ tissue containing lymphocytes (white blood blood cells)cells)

B. Lymph NodeB. Lymph Node1. ________ – neck1. ________ – neck2. _______ – armpit2. _______ – armpit3. ________ – groin3. ________ – groin4. Deep with in4. Deep with in

C. StructureC. Structure1. ______________ Vessels – Towards.1. ______________ Vessels – Towards.2. _________- Concave margin2. _________- Concave margin3. ______________ Vessels – Away.3. ______________ Vessels – Away.4. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ - Outer5. ______________ - Outer6. ______________ – Inner6. ______________ – Inner7. ______________ -Extensions7. ______________ -Extensions8. ______________ – Main structure of lymph nodes, 8. ______________ – Main structure of lymph nodes,

gathering of gathering of WBCWBC

D. Node FunctionD. Node Function1. ______________ 1. ______________

E. SpleenE. Spleen1._________ lymphatic organ1._________ lymphatic organ2. _______________– outer, 2. _______________– outer, protectionprotection3. _____________– Large 3. _____________– Large

number of red blood cells.number of red blood cells.4. _______– Large number of 4. _______– Large number of white blood cells.white blood cells.

F. ThymusF. Thymus1. _______ active during 1. _______ active during

immune immune response.response.2. _______production2. _______production3. Capsule3. Capsule4. Cortex4. Cortex5. Medulla5. Medulla

G. TonsilsG. Tonsils1. Two _______ – Back of palate1. Two _______ – Back of palate2. Two _______al –Upper throat2. Two _______al –Upper throat3. Two _______ – Base of 3. Two _______ – Base of

tonguetongue

H. Peyer’s PatchesH. Peyer’s Patches1. _______ located along the 1. _______ located along the __________________________

ReviewReview

What determines a true lymphatic organ?What determines a true lymphatic organ?

What do true lymphatic organs contains?What do true lymphatic organs contains?

What is the largest lymphatic organ of the What is the largest lymphatic organ of the body?body?

III. Defense MechanismsIII. Defense MechanismsA. Immune system has ability to A. Immune system has ability to _______foreign particles (pathogens &/or _______foreign particles (pathogens &/or toxins).toxins).

B. ____________________________ (MHC) – markers B. ____________________________ (MHC) – markers that can distinguish between self & non self.that can distinguish between self & non self.

C. Two types of defense.C. Two types of defense.1. _______(innate)1. _______(innate)2. _______ (adaptive)2. _______ (adaptive)

D. Type of responsesD. Type of responses1. _______1. _______

ReviewReview

What are the two types of immune What are the two types of immune responses?responses?

What determines is you will have a What determines is you will have a immune response?immune response?

E. Innate or Non Specific Mechanisms – Defends E. Innate or Non Specific Mechanisms – Defends against all types of pathogens & has the same against all types of pathogens & has the same response.response.

1. ______________1. ______________a. _______a. _______b. _______ membranesb. _______ membranes

2. ______________– Cellular Eating2. ______________– Cellular Eatinga. Monocytesa. Monocytesb. Neutrophilsb. Neutrophilsc. Macrophagesc. Macrophagesd. Natural Killer Cellsd. Natural Killer Cells

Punches holes Punches holes in cells.in cells.

e. Swellinge. SwellingBasophilsBasophilsMast cellsMast cellsEosinophilsEosinophils

3. _______ Mediators3. _______ Mediators

a. _______a. _______

1. _______ proteins1. _______ proteins

2. Helps enhance phagocytes2. Helps enhance phagocytes

b. ______________b. ______________

1. Secreted by _______ cells to 1. Secreted by _______ cells to stimulate neighboring stimulate neighboring

cells to cells to produce produce antibodies.antibodies.

4. Inflammation4. Inflammationa. _______a. _______

- - ______________- chemical - chemical

attraction attraction of of phagocytesphagocytes

-_______-_______

permeabilitypermeability

b. _______inflammationb. _______inflammation

c. _________ c. _________ inflammationinflammation

ReviewReview

How is a non specific response differ from How is a non specific response differ from a specific response?a specific response?

What are the four types of non specific What are the four types of non specific responses?responses?

F. Specific Mechanisms – ____________________________F. Specific Mechanisms – ____________________________ 1. 1. Ability to _______a specific antigen or toxin.Ability to _______a specific antigen or toxin.

a. Antigen recognitiona. Antigen recognitionb. Proliferationb. Proliferation

2. Components of Immunity2. Components of Immunity

a. _______ – any substance that causes an a. _______ – any substance that causes an immune immune response.response.

b. ________ (Ab) (gamma globulins or b. ________ (Ab) (gamma globulins or immunoglobulins)– protein molecule that is produced immunoglobulins)– protein molecule that is produced

in response to a specific antigen.in response to a specific antigen.- ____heavy chains- ____heavy chains- ____ light chains- ____ light chains

c. AB + Antigen = Antigen-Ab complex c. AB + Antigen = Antigen-Ab complex (inactivation)(inactivation)

d. Five Classes of Abd. Five Classes of Ab1. ____ – Most common - small1. ____ – Most common - small2. 2. ___ – protection on body surfaces – protection on body surfaces3. ____ – First to be produced – large3. ____ – First to be produced – large4. ____ – Antigen-antibody receptors4. ____ – Antigen-antibody receptors5. ____ – Allergies (bind to mast cells)5. ____ – Allergies (bind to mast cells)

e. e. _______– made for specific antigens– made for specific antigensf. f. ________ – same between all antibodies – same between all antibodies

Specific DefenseSpecific Defense

e. _______ – come bone marrowe. _______ – come bone marrow1. _______– develop in bone marrow1. _______– develop in bone marrow

a. _______a. _______b. _______ – ABb. _______ – AB

2. _______– develop in thymus2. _______– develop in thymusa. _______– destroy’s infected cella. _______– destroy’s infected cellb. _______– stimulates immune systemb. _______– stimulates immune systemc. _______– stops the body’s responsec. _______– stops the body’s responsed. _______– remembers for future infectionsd. _______– remembers for future infections

ReviewReview

What is a antigen? What is a antibody? What is a antigen? What is a antibody?

How does the body recognize foreign How does the body recognize foreign antigens?antigens?

What is the type of cells involved in specific What is the type of cells involved in specific immunity?immunity?

3. _______– T cell response3. _______– T cell response

a. _______ invaded & a. _______ invaded & infected cells.infected cells.

b. Macrophage _________ b. Macrophage _________ an antigen, an antigen, phagocytized it, & phagocytized it, & processed it.processed it.

c. Process antigen is c. Process antigen is _________ on macrophage _________ on macrophage surface & is presented surface & is presented to the T-cells.to the T-cells.

d. _______the T-cells.d. _______the T-cells.

Cell Mediated ResponseCell Mediated Response

ReviewReview

What is the first cell involved in the cell What is the first cell involved in the cell mediated response?mediated response?

What are the four types of cells produced What are the four types of cells produced from the cell mediated response?from the cell mediated response?

4. ______________– Ab Response4. ______________– Ab Responsea. Macrophage identified an a. Macrophage identified an antigen, phagotized it, & antigen, phagotized it, & processed it.processed it.

b. Process antigen is placed on b. Process antigen is placed on macrophage surface & is macrophage surface & is presented to the B-cells.presented to the B-cells.

c. Activates the ___-cells with the c. Activates the ___-cells with the help of _______.help of _______.

d. Grows & multiple into d. Grows & multiple into _______cells (immunization) & _______cells (immunization) & _______ _______ (Ab).(Ab).

e. AB production takes ____ days, e. AB production takes ____ days, peaks in 3 weeks.peaks in 3 weeks.

f. AB binds to antigen surface f. AB binds to antigen surface forming the antigen-Ab complex forming the antigen-Ab complex (inactivated).(inactivated).

g. Labeled for destruction for g. Labeled for destruction for natural killer cells.natural killer cells.

Humoral ResponseHumoral Response

ReviewReview

1. What is the first cell type involved in the 1. What is the first cell type involved in the humoral response?humoral response?

2. Which cell from the T-line is needed to 2. Which cell from the T-line is needed to aid the humoral response to activate?aid the humoral response to activate?

3. What are two cell types produced in the 3. What are two cell types produced in the humoral response? Which one produces humoral response? Which one produces antibodies?antibodies?

Effect of Antibodies

Antibody Production

Specific response reviewSpecific response review

ReviewReview What is the basic shape of the anitbody?What is the basic shape of the anitbody?

How do antibodies inactivate foreign antigens?How do antibodies inactivate foreign antigens?

How long does it take to develop antibodies?How long does it take to develop antibodies?

Why do you never come down with the Why do you never come down with the symptoms from your second exposure on?symptoms from your second exposure on?

G. Allergic Response – _____________________.G. Allergic Response – _____________________.

1. _______Ab is released into blood in response to the 1. _______Ab is released into blood in response to the allergen.allergen.

2. Comes into contact with the _______ (concentrated 2. Comes into contact with the _______ (concentrated in skin & mucus layer).in skin & mucus layer).

3.Mast cell stores ______________.3.Mast cell stores ______________.

4. ______________ + ______________= release of histamine 4. ______________ + ______________= release of histamine (causes inflammation.(causes inflammation.

Ex. Hives & asthmaEx. Hives & asthma

________________________________________________________

5. ________________hypersensitivities – hay fever, asthma5. ________________hypersensitivities – hay fever, asthma

6. ________________hypersensitivities – poison ivy, soaps, 6. ________________hypersensitivities – poison ivy, soaps, cosmeticscosmetics

H. Acquired ImmunityH. Acquired Immunity1. Persons ability to mount a defense.1. Persons ability to mount a defense.2. Two Types2. Two Types

1. ______________ acquired1. ______________ acquireda. ________ – develop after exposure.a. ________ – develop after exposure.

ex- chicken pox, flu, measles.ex- chicken pox, flu, measles.b. ________ – passed from 1 person to another.b. ________ – passed from 1 person to another.

ex- Polio, rubella – mother to baby by ex- Polio, rubella – mother to baby by placenta or breast milk.placenta or breast milk.

2. ______________ Acquired - Vaccine2. ______________ Acquired - VaccineKilled or weaken virus that causes an Killed or weaken virus that causes an

immune response ________ the symptoms.immune response ________ the symptoms.

a. ________ – Lifelonga. ________ – Lifelongex. polio, measlesex. polio, measles

b. ________ – Short termb. ________ – Short termex- rabies, hepatitis, tetanus, snake ex- rabies, hepatitis, tetanus, snake

venoms.venoms.

Immunity

ReviewReview

Are allergies an innate or humoral immune response? Are allergies an innate or humoral immune response? Why?Why?

What is released when allergies occur?What is released when allergies occur?

How can allergies be dealt with?How can allergies be dealt with?

How is naturally & artificially acquired immunity different?How is naturally & artificially acquired immunity different?

How is active immunity different from passive immunity?How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

IV. HomeostasisIV. Homeostasis1. Recycling valuable fluids.1. Recycling valuable fluids.2. Defense against diseases.2. Defense against diseases.

V. ImmunodefiencyV. Immunodefiency1. ________ are reduced which reduces the body’s ability to defend 1. ________ are reduced which reduces the body’s ability to defend itself.itself.

a. Attacked by pathogens.a. Attacked by pathogens.b. Low level production.b. Low level production.

ExEx1. ________– Severe Combined Immundeficiency1. ________– Severe Combined Immundeficiency

a. Born ________ the ability to produce a. Born ________ the ability to produce active B & T cells.active B & T cells.

b. Treatment – bone marrow ________.b. Treatment – bone marrow ________.

2. ________ 2. ________ a. Caused by ________ virusa. Caused by ________ virusb. ________ the ________ T cells – body b. ________ the ________ T cells – body

never knows it is getting invaded by other never knows it is getting invaded by other pathogens.pathogens.

c. ID in US – 1981c. ID in US – 1981

3. ________ – Cancer3. ________ – Cancera. large multinucleated cell in affected a. large multinucleated cell in affected lymphoid tissuelymphoid tissueb. 15-38 & over 50 yrs old.b. 15-38 & over 50 yrs old.