dr. noel williams - feed efficiency potential for pigs and poultry

Feed Conversion – Species Comparison and What’s

The Potential for PigsNoel Williams

Introduction

• Feed Conversion Dynamics

• Species Comparisons

• Opportunities for Pigs

Benchmark Against Who?

Whole Herd Beef Feed Conversion• Feed Usage

– Bull = 45 lb/day/25 calves/year = 657 lb

– Cow = 32 lb/day = 11,680 lb

– Feedlot Steer = 6.0 F/G 550-1,250 lb = 4,350 lb

– Total =16,687 lb

• Pounds Produced– Bull = 2,000 lb/100 calves = 100 lb

– Cow = 1,225 lb/7 calves = 175 lb

– Feedlot Steer = 1,250 lb

– Total = 1525 pounds

• Feed Conversion = 16,687/1525 = 10.94 F/G

Benchmark Against Who?

Lucky it Tastes Good !

Days and Calories Conversion to 5.0 Lb. Live Wt.Agri Stats Vital Signs 1992 through 2010

4042

4446

4850

5254

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

Day

s to

5.0

Lb

s.

24002500

26002700

28002900

30003100

Cal

Co

nv.

/ liv

e L

b.

Days to 5.0 Adj. Cal Conv./Live Lb.

Broiler Comparison

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2011 PIC Symposium

White Meat YieldAgri Stats Vital Signs 1994 through 2010

13.0%14.0%15.0%16.0%17.0%18.0%19.0%20.0%21.0%22.0%

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Year

Wh

ite

Mea

t %

of

Liv

e W

t.

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2011 PIC Symposium

Average Broiler Live Weights

6.0 + 18%

3.6 - 4.4 33%

4.4 - 5.2 21%

5.2 - 6.0 28%

6.0 +

46%

3.6 - 4.4 26%

4.4 - 5.2 12%

5.2 - 6.0 16%

2000 2009

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)

Poultry Comparison - 260 lb pig

Actual Feed Conversion by Specie –Swine WTF

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

J07 J08 J09

Broiler Turkey Swine

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)

Poultry Comparison

Actual Calorie Conversion by Specie –Swine WTF

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

J07 J08 J09

Broiler Turkey Swine

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)

Top 10 %

Poultry Comparison

% Eviscerated Yield by Specie

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

J05 J06 J07 J08 J09

Perc

en

t

Broiler Turkey Swine

2% Δ

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)

Poultry Comparison

Actual Feed Cost/Ton by Specie

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

J05 J06 J07 J08 J09

Broiler Turkey Swine

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)

Poultry Comparison

Actual Feed Cost/Yielded lb. by Specie

10

15

2025

30

35

40

4550

55

60

J05 J06 J07 J08 J09

cen

ts/y

ield

ed

lb

Broiler Turkey Swine

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)

PIC337RG x Camborough Pigs Feed Conversion – Cumulative From On Test

1,556 Kcal ME Diets

350 lb. Market Wt. in 2016:2.56 GF FCR

350 lb. Market Wt. in 2016:2.56 GF FCR

350 lb. Market Wt.2.69 GF FCR

350 lb. Market Wt.2.69 GF FCR

Benchmark Comparison(260 or 290 Pound Pig)

Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved, Presented at 2011 PIC Symposium

Drivers are Carcass Growth Rate Efficiency and Mortality

What’s Commercial Potential Today ?

Table 1. Sow Production Performance and Feed Usage Per Weaned Pig (52 Week Period Through May 2011)a

. Criteria Result

Farrow Rate, % 95.3

Number of Sows Farrowed/Week 271

Average Total Born 14.0

Average Live Born 13.3

Average Weaning Age 20.6

Pre-Weaning Mortality, % 6.9

Pigs Weaned/Mated Sow/Year 31.1

Average Weaning Weight, lb 14.7

Lbs Gestation Feed Per Day 5.6

Pounds Lactation Feed Per Day 14.2

Pounds of Feed Per Weaned Pig 71.5

Pounds of Feed Per Pound of Weaned Pig 5.04

aCamborough Sows. Energy specifications (ME, NRC): Gestation = 1395 Kcal/lb and Lactation = 1460 Kcal/lb

Criteria Result

Average Start Weight, lb 14.7

Average sale Weight, lb 282.1

Average Carcass Weight, lb 215

Mortality + Culls, % 3.2

Daily Gain, lb/day 1.78

Daily Feed Intake, lb/day 4.08

Feed Conversion, lb:lb 2.29

Whole Herd Feed Conversion, lb:lb 2.43

Table 2. Wean to Finish Performance and Whole Herd Feed Conversion (52 Week Performance Through May 2011a

aCamborough x 337 Sired Pigs. Energy Specifications (ME, NRC): 1512 kcal/lb, Lysine:Energy = 3.08

Feed per Dozen Eggs (Lbs.)Agri Stats Vital Signs 1988 through 2010

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

7.0

7.1

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Year

Lb

s.

of

Fe

ed

Table 3. Commercial Product Performance for Cobb 500 Broilers and Nicholas 85 x 300 Commercial Turkeys

Criteria Nicholas 85 x 300a Cobb 500b

Weight Started, lb .31 .09

End Weight, lb 33.0 8.01

Mortality, % 4.1 6.2

Age At Slaughter, days 126 56

Average Daily Gain, lb/day .261 .141

Average Daily Feed Intake, lb/day

.679 .290

Feed Conversion, lb:lb 2.60 2.05

Whole Flock Feed Conversion, lb:lb

2.61 2.11

aNutrient Specifications: Energy Specifications (ME, kcal/lb) = 1518; Lysine:Energy = 3.5bNutrient Specifications: Energy Specifications (ME, kcal/lb) = 1421; Lysine:Energy = 3.77

What Are The Opportunities ?

GNX Program EnhancementsGNX Program EnhancementsFIRE Test Implemented in May 2010FIRE Test Implemented in May 2010

Enhanced Differentiation

• Pedigreed commercial pigs– Terminal– Maternal

• Heavy slaughter weights– Approximately 290 lbs.

• Low energy, pelleted diets

Genetic Trends for Feed Conversion RateTerminal Product Development

-0.18

-0.16

-0.14

-0.12

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

05Q4 06Q1 06Q2 06Q3 06Q4 07Q1 07Q2 07Q3 07Q4 08Q1 08Q2 08Q3 08Q4 09Q1 09Q2 09Q3 09Q4 10Q1 10Q2 10Q3

Date off-test

FC

R E

BV

L15

L27

L62

L65L15 Trend = -0.0398

L27 Trend = -0.0283

L62 Trend = -0.0242

L65 Trend = -0.0292

5-yr Annual Change

Genomic Selection

Initial Implementation of New Era of Genetic Technologies

L27 Adjusted Crossbred Feed Efficiency Genetic Trend

Manage FCR Disruption as PossibleManage FCR Disruption as Possible

Disease (ADG, FCR)

MortalityMortality (1.0% = 0.052 FCR)(1.0% = 0.052 FCR)

Systemic Inflammatory DiseaseSystemic Inflammatory Disease

• HPS, FLU, MYC (PRRC,

PCVAD)

• FCR 0.13-0.26 ∆ (3-4 Wk

window)

• FCR 0.05 ∆ (Finish Close)

• Harsh Nurse Vaccines + FLU

Weaning Stress has Long-term

effects (Livability, ADG) (Moeser; Pluske)

Others: Nurse length, Pen Mass near mkt

Feed Conversion Efficiency: NutritionFeed Conversion Efficiency: Nutrition

Nutrition advances going Forward –

Cargill’s Ingredient value system is accessible (NE, SID Amino acids)

Powerful FCR Tools on Hold: Pellets w. 300 u Corn, FAT

Enzyme Technology to access ‘unavailable’ Energy, Amino

acids. Phytase release of Nutrients emerging.

Others have been disappointing !

Value of FCR Increases with Rising Diet CostValue of FCR Increases with Rising Diet Cost

What is 0.01 change in FCR Improvement worth ?What is 0.01 change in FCR Improvement worth ?

$200 USD per US Ton

$220 USD per US Ton

$300 USD per US Ton

Feed Input Lbs Per Pig SoldSow 102.7GDU, Cull 47.2Nursery 76.9Finish 620.4TOTAL 847.2

Lbs OutputPig Gain 269.0Cull Sows 11.3TOTAL 280.3

WH-FCRExpectedExpected 3.0223.022

Manage Each FCR ComponentManage Each FCR Component

2010 - 2015

THE FUTURE IS A STRUGGLE BETWEEN:

• CHICKENS

• CONSUMERS

• GRAIN DEMANDS

• OUR OWN LEADERSHIP

• FINALLY

A TOTAL DISGUST FOR THE STATUS QUO