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HOW TO AVOID AGEAR-UP LANDING

Presented ByLarry Enlow

Aviation Safety InspectorFederal Aviation Administration

Orlando Flight Standards District Office

ORLANDO FSDO-15 ORLANDO FSDO-15 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARYACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARY

1998 1999 2000 2001

TOTAL ACC. & INC. 185 176 147 141TOTAL GEAR-UP 35 26 19 11TOTAL TRAINING A & I 60 38 24 28TRAINING GEAR-UP 17 10 4 9TNG. GEAR-UP WITH CFI 11 10 4 9

WHY DO GEAR-UPS OCCUR ?

SUPERFICIAL CAUSE:DISTRACTION OR NO CHECKLIST

REAL CAUSE:INADEQUATE FLIGHT TRAINING IN RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS

DEFICIENCY IN FLIGHT TRAINING

CAN BE RESOLVED BY MODIFYING THE INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS USED DURING INITIAL AND RECURRENT RETRACTABLE

LANDING GEAR TRAINING OPERATIONS

THIS PRESENTATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN

EXTRAORDINARILY VALUABLE SET OF RETRACTABLE LANDING

GEAR OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES THAT WILL

PREVENT A GEAR-UP LANDING

RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTSTRAINING CONCEPTS

PRIORITIZATIONPRIORITIZATION

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T

ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUEALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE

RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS HAVE RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY, AND MUST BE SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY, AND MUST BE

EMPHASIZEDEMPHASIZED BY CFI BY CFI

RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTSTRAINING CONCEPTS

POSITIONAL IMPRINTINGPOSITIONAL IMPRINTING

IMPRINTING MEANS:IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO IMPLANT FIRMLY ON THE “TO IMPLANT FIRMLY ON THE MIND OR FIX IN THE MEMORY” MIND OR FIX IN THE MEMORY”

POSITIONAL IMPRINTING MEANS:POSITIONAL IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO FIX IN THE “TO FIX IN THE MEMORY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POINTS MEMORY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POINTS IN SPACE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND THE IN SPACE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND THE NEED TO EXTEND OR RECHECK THE NEED TO EXTEND OR RECHECK THE LANDING GEAR IN THE DOWN POSITION LANDING GEAR IN THE DOWN POSITION

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTEDACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED

TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERNTYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN

ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR GEAR DOWNDOWN

ABEAM THE TOUCH-DOWN POINTABEAM THE TOUCH-DOWN POINT

FIXED DISTANCE MARKERSFIXED DISTANCE MARKERS

GEAR SELECTED DOWNGEAR SELECTED DOWN

GEAR CONFIRMED DOWNGEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

BASE:BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK 2ND GEAR CHECK

SECOND GEAR CHECK ON BASESECOND GEAR CHECK ON BASE

THREE GREENTHREE GREEN

BASE:BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK 2ND GEAR CHECKSHORT FINAL:SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR FINAL GEAR

CHECKCHECK

FINAL GEAR CHECKFINAL GEAR CHECK

ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWNGEAR DOWNBASE:BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK 2ND GEAR CHECKSHORT FINAL:SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR CHECK FINAL GEAR CHECK

““ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREETHREE GEAR CHECKS”GEAR CHECKS”

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTEDACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACHPRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH

SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWNSLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN

GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPTGLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPT

SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWNSLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN500’ ABOVE DH:500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK 2ND GEAR CHECK

SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWNSLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN500’ ABOVE DH:500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK 2ND GEAR CHECKRUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECKRUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

““ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE THREE GEAR CHECKS”GEAR CHECKS”

NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACHNON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH

FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWNFINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN

FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWNFINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN500’ ABOVE MDA:500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR 2ND GEAR

CHECKCHECK

FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWNFINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN500’ ABOVE MDA:500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR 2ND GEAR

CHECKCHECKRUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECKRUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWNFINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN500’ ABOVE MDA:500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK 2ND GEAR CHECKRUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECKRUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

““ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE THREE GEAR GEAR CHECKS”CHECKS”

NON-STANDARD ARRIVALSNON-STANDARD ARRIVALS

VISUAL APPROACHESVISUAL APPROACHESBASE ENTRIESBASE ENTRIES

STRAIGHT-IN ARRIVALSSTRAIGHT-IN ARRIVALS

““WHEN YOU START DOWN, PUT YOUR WHEN YOU START DOWN, PUT YOUR GEAR DOWN”GEAR DOWN”

NON-STANDARD ARRIVALSNON-STANDARD ARRIVALS

““ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE THREE GEAR CHECKS”GEAR CHECKS”

MOSTMOST IMPORTANT OF ALL:IMPORTANT OF ALL:

SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUESSUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES

WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, TAKEOFF, CONFIRM CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP THAT IT GOES UP

GEAR SELECTED UPGEAR SELECTED UP

WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND TASK AND CONFIRM CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN GEAR IS DOWN

GEAR IN TRANSITGEAR IN TRANSIT

WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND TASK AND CONFIRM CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN GEAR IS DOWN

AFTER LANDING, CLEAR RUNWAY, STOP AFTER LANDING, CLEAR RUNWAY, STOP AIRCRAFT, THEN AIRCRAFT, THEN IDENTIFYIDENTIFY AND AND VERIFYVERIFY

EACH ITEM BEFORE MOVING ITEACH ITEM BEFORE MOVING IT

SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGESYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE

THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS

ESSENTIALESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP TO AVOID A GEAR-UP

HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ?HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ?HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM

INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ? GROUND ?

SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGESYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE

HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONSMALFUNCTIONS

HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBSHOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEARHOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR PUMP FAILURESPUMP FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURESELECTRICAL FAILURES PARTIAL EXTENSIONPARTIAL EXTENSION

GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGSGEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS

WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFEWHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE

TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLYTOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY DON’T APPLY BRAKESDON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAYDON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY STOP STRAIGHT AHEADSTOP STRAIGHT AHEAD EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER

IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKEDIT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED

GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGSGEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS

WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFEWHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE

FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLISTFOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASSLAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS TURN OFF FUELTURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCHTURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH UNLATCH CABIN DOOR UNLATCH CABIN DOOR EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLYEXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONSADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ?TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ?• IDENTIFY AND VERIFYIDENTIFY AND VERIFY

DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWNREMAINING DOWN

• TRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONSTRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS RIGHT SEAT TRANSITIONRIGHT SEAT TRANSITION

• CFI BE READYCFI BE READY ARE YOU FIT TO FLYARE YOU FIT TO FLY

• FATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN FATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESS CAUSE FORGETFULNESS

SUMMARYSUMMARY

APPLYAPPLY SIGNIFICANT PRIORITYSIGNIFICANT PRIORITY TO TO RETRACTABLE LANDING RETRACTABLE LANDING

GEAR OPERATIONSGEAR OPERATIONS

SUMMARYSUMMARY

DEVELOP AND USE DEVELOP AND USE POSITIONAL IMPRINTINGPOSITIONAL IMPRINTING

APPLYAPPLY SUPPLEMENTAL SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES

SUMMARYSUMMARY

EVALUATE EVALUATE ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

MAKE SURE YOU’RE MAKE SURE YOU’RE FIT FIT TO FLYTO FLY

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