double parking system design
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Higher College Of Technology
Mechanical Double Parking System
June 4
2012 By Khalid Alhosani Mubarak Alsuwaidi Tariq Aljanahi Waleed Alyafaie ggc@windowslive.com Sager Almasabi
Double Parking System for: Mechanical Engineering Design MECH N450 Dr. Yw Chan
Mechanical Double Parking System 2012
MECH N450 Dr. Yw Chan | HCT, Abu Dhabi
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1 Contents 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 5
3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Project management design ................................................................................................................. 6
4.1 Business Model ............................................................................................................................. 6
4.2 Operation Model ........................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Scope of statement ....................................................................................................................... 7
4.4 Project Objective: .......................................................................................................................... 7
4.5 Deliverables ................................................................................................................................... 7
4.6 Milestones ..................................................................................................................................... 7
4.7 Technical requirements ................................................................................................................ 7
4.8 Limits and exclusions .................................................................................................................... 8
4.9 Customer review ........................................................................................................................... 8
4.10 Priority Matrix ............................................................................................................................... 9
4.11 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9
4.12 Time-constrain ............................................................................................................................ 10
4.13 Scope-enhance ............................................................................................................................ 10
4.14 Cost-accept ................................................................................................................................. 10
4.15 Stakeholders register .................................................................................................................. 11
4.16 Work breakdown structure ......................................................................................................... 12
4.17 WBS Dictionary ........................................................................................................................... 13
4.18 Time Estimation Technique ........................................................................................................ 16
4.19 Resource requirements ............................................................................................................... 19
4.19.1 People ................................................................................................................................. 19
4.19.2 Nonperson resources .......................................................................................................... 20
4.20 Communication plan ................................................................................................................... 22
4.21 Change Management .................................................................................................................. 23
4.21.1 Process ................................................................................................................................ 23
4.22 Risk management ........................................................................................................................ 24
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4.22.1 Getting the list of risks that can happen ............................................................................. 24
4.22.2 Assign likelihood and impact .............................................................................................. 25
4.22.3 Risk response matrix ........................................................................................................... 26
4.23 Risk Suavity matrix ...................................................................................................................... 27
4.24 Quality Management Plan .......................................................................................................... 28
4.25 Human Resource Plan ................................................................................................................. 29
5 Types automated parking system ....................................................................................................... 30
5.1 Two Step Car Parking System ...................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Puzzle Car Parking System .......................................................................................................... 31
5.3 Stacker Car Parking System ......................................................................................................... 31
5.4 Multi Level Cart Parking System ................................................................................................. 32
5.5 Level Parking System ................................................................................................................... 32
6 Project phases ..................................................................................................................................... 32
6.1 Block diagram .............................................................................................................................. 32
6.2 Dictionary for the project phases ............................................................................................... 33
6.2.1 Phase1: Initiating................................................................................................................. 33
6.2.2 Phase 2: Planning ................................................................................................................ 34
6.2.3 Phase 3 - Executing ............................................................................................................. 35
7 Conceptual Design .............................................................................................................................. 36
7.1 Design Requirement ................................................................................................................... 36
7.2 Different design models .............................................................................................................. 37
Frame models ..................................................................................................................................... 37
7.3 Lifting method ............................................................................................................................. 39
7.4 Operation System ....................................................................................................................... 40
7.5 Driving motor type ...................................................................................................................... 41
7.6 Morphological Chart ................................................................................................................... 42
7.7 Principle of operation ................................................................................................................. 44
8 Embodiment design ............................................................................................................................ 45
8.1 Primary sub-system..................................................................................................................... 45
8.2 Auxiliary components ................................................................................................................. 46
9 Calculations ......................................................................................................................................... 47
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MECH N450 Dr. Yw Chan | HCT, Abu Dhabi
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9.1 Calculating the torque required by the motor............................................................................ 47
9.2 Area calculation: ......................................................................................................................... 53
System path: ....................................................................................................................................... 55
Straight path: ...................................................................................................................................... 56
9.3 Distance Required: ...................................................................................................................... 57
9.4 Structure analysis ........................................................................................................................ 57
10 Frame selection and sizing .............................................................................................................. 58
11 Motor selection ............................................................................................................................... 59
11.1 Rubber stand ............................................................................................................................... 60
11.2 Cable and pulley sizing ................................................................................................................ 60
11.2.1 Cable sizing .......................................................................................................................... 62
11.3 Stretch or Elasticity ..................................................................................................................... 63
12 References ...................................................................................................................................... 66
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2 Abstract
Due to the increase in the number of vehicles on the road, traffic problems are bound
to exist. This is due to the fact that the current transportation infrastructure and car park facility
developed are unable to cope with the influx of vehicles on the road. To alleviate the
aforementioned problems, the smart card parking system has been developed. With the
implementation of the parking system, patrons can easily locate and secure a vacant parking
space at any car park deemed convenient to them. Here in UAE and especially inside Abudhai
city a significant growth in many life sector lead highly expansion in population as a result of
that, a raped increase in cars number that used. The thought of alternative method for car parking
is caused by that exciting parking area provided is not enough to handle that growth in cars
number.
3 Introduction
The number of cars on roads is increasing continuously and rapidly from the recent years;
unfortunately most parking spaces did not increase as the cars did ending up with endless
parking problems. As mechanical engineering students, we hope that our contribution finds
acceptance in solving this problem that is really complicated in our country.
Automated Car Parking is a method of automatically parking and retrieving cars that
typically use a system of pallets and lifts. The intention is to compact more cars in the same
space, reduce the space needed to park the same number of cars. Automated car parks can be
situated above or below ground or a combination of both.
As the system removes the need for driveways and ramps, the floor area and the volume
of the parking station itself can be more efficiently used .Automated parking systems can be
designed to fit above or below ground, allowing for flexible usage of land space; this means the
footprint can be reduced to one-third of the land required by conventional car parking solutions.
Cost effective on a number of fronts, Automated parking systems are about making the best use
of available space above and below ground. With less environment impact and time impact,
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reduced opportunities for theft and vandalism and real cost benefits, automatic parking is the
new watchword in urban planning .There is an overwhelming need for these systems because of
increasing traffic. These systems can be integrated with in consumer based electronic devices.
The individual components are installed inside this structure for its operation.
In our project, we have given a finished project design about double parking system. We
have been asked to build this project. We don’t really know whether the project will success or
not. We have tried to build it but it wasn’t work because the platform wasn’t straight what it
moves. In this case, we have designed new double parking system that has better mechanical
movement and more safety. It also ensures smooth movement and straight platform movement.
With this system, we are sure that it will increase the capacity of parking areas inside Abu Dhabi.
4 Project management design
4.1 Business Model
Abu Dhabi has idea to increase the parking areas by making a building that has only
parking for cars. This is good idea. However, the costs of making building are very expensive. It
need a lot of time to return the budget. The ministry of transportation has significant interest on
solutions to the car parking problems. They will study the project after it finish and will decide
whether it is acceptable and useful in Abu Dhabi.
4.2 Operation Model
The double parking system is only useful in open areas. That’s because on building, it will
take more height which takes more space so it’s not very useful. The double parking system will
not be operated by the drivers. Therefore, there will be trained parking service supervisor to
operate and park the cars to ensure more safety because we can’t rely on customers.
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4.3 Scope of statement
4.4 Project Objective:
To build up a prototype of double parking system with a budget of $2000 in 15 weeks.
4.5 Deliverables
1. Main frame
2. Platform
3. Control system
4. Integration
5. Documentation
4.6 Milestones
1. Selection project design up to February 22.
2. Drawing and Calculation Feb 5
3. Build up at Apr 4
4. Testing at Apr 12
5. Report and presentation Apr 12
4.7
Technical requirements
1. The scale design with in 1:10.
2. The car weight should be uniformly disturbance on the plate form.
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3. Parking system should be independent and run automatically.
4. Quantifiable parameters such as maximum dimension and weights.
5. Providing sketches with technical details.
4.8 Limits and exclusions
1. The model car should have height, length and width of 30 cm, 50 cm and 25 cm
respectively.
2. Maximum weight that parking system can withstand is 5 kg.
3. The model design should be made so that it can be fixed without changing existence
floor.
4. Parking system should be only in open area.
5. Upper cars should be parallel to the floor service
6. It shouldn’t make pollution
7. It must not touch the ground or change anything of it.
4.9 Customer review Dr Yu chan and Dr Shakib
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4.10 Priority Matrix
4.11 Summary One of the courses requires us to build a mechanical parking system. The number of the cars
is increasing in Abu Dhabi and this will make the roads busy and not so many parking areas are
available. As mechanical engineering students, we are seeking to solve this kind of problem in
our country. The main objective of this project is to redesign and build a mechanical parking
system to get rid of the problem in Abu Dhabi. The idea is about having a system that lift a car
above another car. It’s like two cars above each other. As you can see from (table 1), we will
analysis from project management prospect.
Time Performance Cost
Constrain
Enhance
Accept
Table 1, priority of matrix
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4.12 Time-constrain
As this project is one of my courses requirements, we as a group must finish it on week 15,
otherwise we can’t success this course and we can’t graduate. We even only have two hours
weekly just to build the project. Two hours are not enough to build a serious project. Therefore,
we decided to work in our free time. The project is not real big project, it’s only prototype.
However, it needs a lot of work such as welding which will take long time.
4.13 Scope-enhance
As I said above, we will redesign the project. Our teacher gave us a completed mechanical
parking system design that has been made 3 years ago by HCT students and he told us to build
it. However, not any documents design can be built. We are not sure that this design will work.
We can only be sure when we build it and check whether it works or not. We have decided to
build a toy-type, even smaller than prototype just to check the performance. It appeared that
this project should have a lot of editing and it should be enhanced and redesigned. The given
design wasn’t successful so we redesigned completely.
4.14 Cost-accept
The frame of the project is consisting of normal materials and it doesn’t have a lot of pieces.
The only parts that will costs are the motors that will lift the car to up and move the car down
to the ground. Beside, most the materials we need are in the mechanical workshop in higher
college of technology as well as the final project will be small as a prototype not the actual one.
In short, the project itself will not cost a lot of money so it doesn’t need strong budget.
Therefore, we accept any amount of money.
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4.15 Stakeholders register
Project Name:
Double Parking System Date: 2/6/2012
Project Phase:
Execution
Name of Stakeholder
Designation Department Role in Project
Type of stakeholder
Type of communication
Expectation Influence on project outcome
Dr. Yiu Chan Supervisor Mechanical Engineering Department
Supervising External Weekly Meeting Successful Building
Influencer
Mohammed Ameen
Assistant Mechanical workshop
Supporter Internal Daily Meetings Good Measurement
Supporter
Faisal Assistant Mechanical workshop
Supporter Internal Daily Meetings Good Welding Supporter
Khalid Alhosani
Team Leader
Mechanical Engineering
Fabrication, Driving gears assemble
Internal Daily Meetings To solve lack of parking inside Abu Dhabi city
Influencer
Mubarak Alsuwaidi
Team Member
Mechanical Engineering
Building the frame
internal Daily Meetings Good Designing
Influencer
Tariq janahi Team Member
Mechanical Engineering
Design Calculation
Internal Daily Meetings The project won’t success
Influencer
Sager Almusabi
Team Member
Mechanical Engineering
Selection and Sizing
Internal Daily Meetings It will provide us good experience
Influencer
Waleed Alyafaie
Team Member
Mechanical Engineering
Building the frame
Internal Daily Meetings Good quality project
Influencer
Table 2, stakeholders register that shows all the people who are involved in the project and their information
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MECH N450 Dr. Yw Chan | HCT, Abu Dhabi
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4.15.1 Work breakdown structure
Table 3, this shows the wbs of the project.
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Level Tasks
1 Mechanical Car Parking System 2 Select project
design Design details Build and
fabrication Testing Report and
presentation 3 Analyze design
structure AutoCAD drawings
Build Frame Operation testing
Prepare report hard
copy 4 Selecting frame
model Design
calculation Build platform Adjustment
and correction Power point presentation
5 Parking dimension
Driving gears selection
Solo test
6 Structure drawing
Monitoring and control
Test with load
7 Force analyses 8 Material
selection
Table 4, further information of the network
4.16 WBS Dictionary
1-Mechanical packing system:
The main project name and the desired product
1.1-selecting project design:
Select the main concept of the project and method to be use to operate project. By seeing the
excising car parking project, we have to select suitable method for the project.
1.1.1- Analyze design structure:
See what is required for fabricating such a project after doing calculation, also to
make plane for the Building
1.1.2- Selecting frame model:
Select the frame shape that best suit for the project, depend on size and
performance.
1.1.3- Parking dimension:
Measure the existing parking size and see the required space for commune cars
size
1.1.4- Structure drawing:
Make hand sketches to have an idea about project concept including the main
parts
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1.1.5- Force analysis:
Use software and calculation to see must critical points where high load will be
applied during the normal operation, in order to select material
1.1.6- Material selection:
After doing analyzing and calculation material selection for the main frame parts
and movable parts strong enough to handle car weight.
1.2. Design details:
Contained the design specification such as size, drawings and calculation the force
analyses
1.2.1- AutoCAD drawing:
Include all drawing that will be used in building and analyses
1.2.2- Design Calculation:
Calculate and estimate the material, Cost and time required for desirables
1.3. Building and fabrication
Include construct and make the system main part and assemly
1.3.1- Build the frame:
Build the main frame for the project deepened selected frame shape and
drawings.
1.3.2- Build the platform:
Build the movable platform that will carry upper car
1.3.3- Driving gears selection:
Select best suit and easy way to drive the movement of the system ( using cable
or hydraulic system)
1.3.4- Fabricate and buy required part:
Buy required items from local market such as rolling bearing and pulleys and
also fabricate the not founded item using available material and facility in the
workshop.
1.3.5- Painting :
Paint the main parts of the project using yellow and black color.
1.3.6- Attached and assembly:
Box up and assembly all system parts and make the system ready to be tested.
1.4. Testing:
Test the performance of the system’s operation.
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1.4.1- Operation Testing:
See how smooth is the operation of the system and make note on required
correction
1.4.2- Adjustments and correction:
Apply adjustment that can enhance the performance of the operation such as
changeling the position of pulley and speed of the driving motor
1.4.3- Solo test :
After finale tuning for the operation, test without load has to e done to make
sure that the operation is smooth
1.4.4- Test with load:
Load the system with demo weight that estimated in the calculation and see if
the system able to handle it .
1.5. Report and presentation:
1.5.1-1. Prepare report hard copy :
Include all the written data and analysis done while preparation for the
project, method used in selection operation concept and material
selection
1.5.1-2. Prepare P.P presentation
Prepare power point presentation that explain about all the processes
of the project
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4.17 Time Estimation Technique The following table shows the total duration of each task individually and as millstone in days
and hours. Also it include the total duration of the project.
Tasks duration Days Total hours
1-Mechanical packing system:( total)
69 323
1.1-selecting project design:
14 48
1.1.1- Analyze design structure:
2 7
1.1.2- Selecting frame model:
2 7
1.1.3- Parking dimension:
2 7
1.1.4- Structure drawing:
3 10
1.1.5- Force analysis:
2 7
1.1.6- Material selection:
3 10
1.2. Design details:
14 49
1.2.1- AutoCAD drawing:
8 28
1.2.2- Design Calculation:
6 21
1.3. Building and fabrication
22 114
1.3.1- Build the frame:
3 10
1.3.2- Build the platform:
2 6
1.3.3- Driving gears selection:
2 6
1.3.4- Fabricate and buy required part:
6 36
1.3.5- Painting :
4 20
1.3.6- Attached and assembly:
7 42
1.4. Testing:
8 45
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1.4.1- Operation Testing:
2 12
1.4.2- Adjustments and correction:
3 18
1.4.3- Solo test :
1 3
1.4.4- Test with load:
2 12
1.5. Report and presentation:
9 54
1.5.1-1. Prepare report hard copy :
4 24
1.5.1-2. Prepare P.P presentation
5 30
Table 5, it is the time estimate figures.
Cost Estimate
Tasks Cost ($)
1-Mechanical packing system:( total)
2000
1.1-selecting project design:
200
1.1.1- Analyze design structure:
36
1.1.2- Selecting frame model:
68
1.1.3- Parking dimension:
14
1.1.4- Structure drawing:
14
1.1.5- Force analysis:
18
1.1.6- Material selection:
50
1.2. Desing details:
200
1.2.1- AutoCAD drawing:
150
1.2.2- Design Calculation:
50
1.3. Building and fabrication
1000
1.3.1- Build the frame: 20
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1.3.2- Build the platform:
30
1.3.3- Driving gears selection:
200
1.3.4- Fabricate and buy required part:
600
1.3.5- Painting :
100
1.3.6- Attached and assembly:
50
1.4. Testing:
300
1.4.1- Operation Testing:
50
1.4.2- Adjustments and correction:
100
1.4.3- Solo test :
100
1.4.4- Test with load:
50
1.5. Report and presentation:
300
1.5.1-1. Prepare report hard copy :
150
1.5.1-2. Prepare P.P presentation
150
Table 6, it shows the cost estimate for all the project parts.
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4.18 Resource requirements
After we have indentified the activities involved in the double parking system, we need
to determine the sequence of these activities and the possible resources that needed to
accomplish our project. There are a lot of resources such as people, material and other supplies.
4.18.1 People
WBS Activity Skills
needed Name of person
Skills level Deliverable Effort days
Start date
End date
Cost
1.2.1 Soft copy of drawing
Auto Cad Sager Intermediate Project drawing
8 Feb 2 Mar 5 $150
1.3.1 Build up the frame
Welding and
mechanical work
Waleed Intermediate Project Frame
3 Mar 6 Mar 8 $20
1.2.2 Design calculation
Design experience
Khalid Expert Project design
6 Feb 23
Mar 1 $50
1.3.3 Driving gears selection
Experience in driving
gears
Mubarak Expert Proper driving gears
2 Mar 9 Mar 12 $200
1.3 Fabrication and buy required material
Project experience
Tariq Expert Proper material
and good fabrication
6 13 Mar
Mar 20 $600
Table 7, it shows the ( people) which is an example of resource requirements.
The (table 7) goes beyond simply matching activities and skills. It also contains columns for the
names of the people who will execute an activity, their skills level, the deliverable that they are
expected to produce, the date on which they can start and finish, and their cost.
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4.18.2 Nonperson resources
4.18.2.1 Nonperson availability sheet
WBS Activity Resource needed Duration
(day)
Date (s) needed
4.1 AutoCad design - Computer
- AutoCad software
8 23/2 to 5/3
4.2 Project Poster Poster software
Foam board
4 11 June
4.3 Project
presentation
- Meeting room with
computer connected
to projector
1 16 June
Table 8, this is an example of resource requirements which is the nonperson resources.
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Mechanical Double Parking System 2012
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4.19 Communication plan
Communication
Type
Objective of
Communication
Medium Frequency Audience Owner Deliverable
Kickoff
Meeting
Introduce the
project team and
the project.
Review project
objectives and
management
approach.
Face to Face Once Project Sponsor
Project Team
Stakeholders
Project
Manager
Agenda
Meeting
Minutes
Project Team
Meetings
Review status of
the project with
the team.
Face to Face
Conference Call
Weekly Project Team Project
Manager
Agenda
Meeting
Minutes
Technical
Design
Meetings
Discuss and
develop
technical design
solutions for the
project.
Face to Face As Needed Project Technical
Staff
Technical
Lead
Agenda
Meeting
Minutes
Monthly
Project Status
Meetings
Report on the
status of the
project to
management.
Face to Face
Conference Call
Monthly Project Team
Project Supporters
Project
Manager
Project Status
Report
Project Status
Reports
Report the status
of the project
including
activities,
progress, costs
and issues.
Email Monthly Project Sponsor
Project Team
Stakeholders
Project
Manager
Project Status
Report
Table 9, communication requirements for this project.
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4.20 Change Management
4.20.1 Process
The process of making the first design was failed. As I said before, the platform wasn’t
straight whenever it moves. Therefore, we moved to another design and modified it in better
way. After that, we found that the movement is smooth and the platform was leveled.
Expected effects after that change:
1. Increase the working times hours because we need to start again new design.
2. Buy new material for the new design.
3. Draw new AutoCad design for the new idea.
4. The budget has been increased after the change because a lot of pieces have been added to the
project.
4.20.1.1 Change request log
Owner requested change status report-open item
RC# Description Reference document
Date REC’D Date Submit Amount Status Comments
1 Triangle arm should be changed
Owner request
Feb 15 6 Apr $200 Approved It will fix the leveling
2 Dimension of parking system frame
Owner request
Feb 8 Apr 6 $50 Approved New design require new dimension
3 Salem left the group
Owner request
Mar 3 Mar 3 $200 open No comment
4 Adjust torque provided by driving motor
Owner request
May 1 May 4 $400 Approved Enhance the operation
5 Change Location of guiding pulley
Owner request
May 6 May 7 $10 Approved Lowering the load on motor
6 Add tensioner Owner request
May 8 May 12 $80 Approved Keep Cable tension in standby mode
Table 10, it shows any changes during the project and its information.
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4.21 Risk management The following chart illustrates sequence use to do risk management.
Table 11, risk management procedure.
4.21.1 Getting the list of risks that can happen
1. Time not long enough.
2. Late delivery for part.
3. Concept of project not applicable.
4. Shortage in men power.
5. Short circuit during operation.
6. Fabricated parts not fit in place.
7. System unable to handle load.
8. Defect on one of moving part while operating.
1-Getting the list
2-Assign likelihood
and impact
3-Risk response
matrix
4- Risk Suavity matrix
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4.21.2 Assign likelihood and impact
The score from 5 where 5 represent high and 1 is low.
Table 12(Risk assessment Form)
Risk Event Likelihood Impact Detection difficulty
when
Time not long enough
4 5 1 Post install
Late delivery for parts
1 3 1 Post install
Concept of project not applicable
3 2 4 operation
Shortage in men power
3 1 5 Post installing
Short circuit During operation
1 1 4 operation
Fabricated parts not fit in place
3 3 2 Installing
System unable to handle load
3 4 1 Operation Test
Defect on one of moving part while operating
2 3 5 operation
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4.21.3 Risk response matrix
Risk Event Response Contingent plan Trigger Who is Responsible
Time not long enough
Try to extend working hours
Carry out long tasks in outside garage
Delay of planed schedule
Procurement group+ team leader
Late delivery for parts
Follow up the request of purchasing order
Deal with more than one supplier
Unable to provide required parts in time
Procurement group
Concept of project not applicable
Make study and analysis on paper to see opportunity of any concept if it work
Use software program to analyze the operation
Still conflict exist Building group
Shortage in men power
Try to Balance the resource leveling
Request assistance from external resources
If available resources unable to finish task on time
Team leader
Short circuit During operation
Provide over current breaker(fuse)
Additional power circuit source
If the fuse is burned at starting
operation group
Fabricated parts not fit in place
Do small correction by hand tools
Re machine the parts
If the parts didn’t work even after hand tool correction
Building group
System unable to handle load
Try to increase the voltage of the motor
Try to modify the driving gears
Increase of the voltage didn’t serve the propose
Building group+ operation group
Defect on one of moving part while operating
Provide extra spare part for the project
Correct the cause of the problem
If the problem happen frequently
Operation group
Table 13(Risk response matrix)
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4.22 Risk Suavity matrix
Red zone (major risk)
Yellow zone (Moderate risk)
Green zone (Minor risk)
Table 14( Risk suavity Matrix)
Like
liho
od
5
4 Time not long enough
3 Concept of project not applicable
Fabricated parts not fit in place
System unable to handle load
2 Defect on one of moving part while operating
1 Short circuit During operation
Late delivery for parts + Shortage in men power
Score 1 2 3 4 5
Impact
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4.23 Quality Management Plan
Factor Description
Product Factors Accessibility That ability of authorized users to access parking system
whenever and wherever they need access. Correctness The extent to which parking system satisfies its
specifications and fulfils the user’s objectives. Efficiency The extent to which parking system performs its intended
function with a minimum consumption of computing resources.
Expandability The ease with which parking system can be modified to add functionality. Also the ability of the system to process increasing volumes of data without noticeable fluctuations in performance.
Integrity The extent to which parking system safeguards against unauthorized access to or modification of software or data.
Interoperability The ability of parking system to exchange information with double parking system and to mutually use the information that has been exchanged.
Maintainability The extent to which the parking system components can be maintained over their expected useful life.
Portability The extent to which parking system can be transferred to new operating environments, hardware platforms and operating systems.
Presentability The extent to which the aesthetic (visual and artistic) qualities of parking system present the desired image.
Profitability The ability of parking system to positively impact the productivity and profitability of ministry of transportation, or HCT, or double parking system.
Reliability The ability of parking system to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time.
Reusability The extent to which modules of code can be used in multiple applications.
Usability The extent to which the functional components delivered by parking system are understandable and applicable by the end-users.
Process Factors Financial Performance
The extent to which parking system meets its financial targets.
Timeliness The extent to which parking system is delivered in a timeframe which meets parking system’s requirements.
Resource Effectiveness
The extent to which the optimal resources are assigned to parking system to ensure quality, on-time delivery.
Future Business Potential
The extent to which Ministry of Transportation is likely to provide a positive reference to other potential customers
Table 15, quality management plan
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4.24 Human Resource Plan
Project
Manager
Design
Engineers
Implementation
Manager
Training
Leads
Functional
Managers
Department
Managers
Requirements
Gathering
A R R C C I
Coding Design A R C I I
Coding Input A R C I
Software
Testing
A R C I I
Network
Preparation
A C R I I
Implementation A C R C C C
Conduct
Training
A R C C
Table 16, human resource management
Key:
R – Responsible for completing the work.
A – Accountable for ensuring task completion/sign off.
C – Consulted before any decisions are made.
I – Informed of when an action/decision has been made.
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5 Types automated parking system The following is a list of existing system that is mainly used in urban area.
Two step car parking system.
Puzzle Car Parking System.
Stacker System.
Multi Level Cart Parking System.
Level Car Parking System.
5.1 Two Step Car Parking System Features:
1-Pallet used for CAR lifting.
2-Applicable for In-Door & Out- Door.
3-Easy to install.
4-Preferred system at residential zones& commercial too.
5-Easy to operate.
6-Low maintenance cost.
7-Operating System is available with both the options Hydraulic &
Electro-mechanical.
Figure 1 Two step parking system
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5.2 Puzzle Car Parking System
Features:
1-Can be installed above ground & Below ground level.
2-Two layer puzzle is always preferred.
3-Preferred system especially for underground.
4-Low maintenance cost.
5-Most efficient system can be achieved through combinations
of units & functions.
6-One empty slot is the key for the working.
7-Single Set, Double set Front and back systems connected to
monolithic steel structure with multi in – outs.
5.3 Stacker Car Parking System
Features:
1-Quick In Out by simultaneously moving and lifting the
cart while the vehicle wheel is lifted without the pallet.
2-Under ground big parking system can be installed.
3-Parking room is built using the concrete slab structure.
4-Strong and easy to maintain.
5-Lift can be installed along the entry module.
Figure 2 puzzle parking system
Figure 3 Stacker parking system
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5.5 Level Parking System
Features:
1-Used for large buildings and for superior space
efficiency.
2-Addition to multi level parking spaces with vertical
and horizontal directions to facilitate the entry & exits
of cars.
3-Operating systems are: lift, side sliding, pallet.
6 Project phases
6.1 Block diagram The following Block diagram ( fig 1) illustrate phases of a project in sequence.
5.4 Multi Level Cart Parking System Features:
1-Can be installed Underground or out-doors
2-Approx. 60 -70 cars per lift can be accommodated
3-System types Transfer type, longitudinal type, hydraulic type, wire
rope type
4-Reduced In Out time for Car
5-Turn table parking gives more flexibility to system
6-Operating systems are main Lift, Cart, Pallet
Figure 4 multi level parking system
Figure 5 level parking system
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Figure 6 phases of a project
6.2 Dictionary for the project phases
6.2.1 Phase1: Initiating
Recognize the project should be done.
Determine what the project should accomplish .
Define the overall project goal.
Define general expectations of customers, management,
or other stakeholders as appropriate.
Define the general project scope.
Select initial members of the project team.
Phase 1
• Initiating
phase 2 • Planning
phase 3 • Execution
phase 4 • Controling and Testing
phase 5 • Closing
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6.2.2 Phase 2: Planning
Refining the project scope.
Listing tasks and activities.
Optimally Sequencing activities.
Developing a working schedule and budget for assigning resources.
Getting the plan approved by stakeholders.
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6.2.3 Phase 3 - Executing
1 Leading the team.
2 Meeting with team members.
3 Communicating with stakeholders.
4 Fire-fighting to resolve problems.
5 Securing necessary resources to complete the project plan.
Phase 4 - Controlling
Monitoring deviation from the plan.
Taking corrective action to match actual progress with the plan.
Receiving and evaluating project changes requested.
Rescheduling the project as necessary.
Adapting resource levels as necessary.
Changing the project scope.
Returning to the planning stage.
Phase 5 - Closing
Acknowledging achievement and results.
Shutting down the operations and disbanding the team.
Learning from the project experience.
Reviewing the project process and outcomes.
Writing a final project report.
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7 Conceptual Design
7.1 Design Requirement
Create more saleable space by using Robotic Parking Systems
Space gained can be used for green space and open areas to meet LEED
standards
Delivers faster retrieval times than other automated garages or ramp-style
parking
The Car parking System offers security for both individual and car
The design of a system gives users premium valet service without the valet
Automatic parking reduces CO2 emissions and other pollutants and greenhouse
gases
Flexible design allows the automated parking garage to fit into any
neighborhood or project
The Systems should relieve traffic congestion
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7.2 Different design models
Frame models
Frame name Description picture
1. Front Over
hanged System
*The load supported only from front causing high Bending stress on the front Beam (safety issue) * To descend the upper platform ,the parking beneath must not occupied .
2. 4 leg jack left *The load is uniformly
distributed *To descend the upper platform, the parking beneath must not occupied. * it is very safe method for carrying load since the force divided on four leg .
3. Over hanged
parallel
*The load is only supported from one side causing high Bending stress on the Side Beam (safety issue) *To descend the upper platform, the parking beneath must not occupied.
4. Puzzle Lifts *The load is uniformly distributed on four Beams. * The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. * It need 3 parking space to made extra parking for two cars *very complicated
Table 17, it shows different types of operations.
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Frame name Description picture 5. Multi level Tower
System
* It need 3 parking space to made extra parking for two cars *Although the platform is hanged from one side, the load on middle beam is balanced because of opposed car * It need only 2 parking space to made extra parking for 7 cars(total 9) *very complicated * The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied.
6. Independent
Access Parkers
With frame
* The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. *The load is uniformly distributed on fixed frame * minor stress on lifting arm
7. Independent Swing
parking ,pivoted
from front
* The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. * The car are not horizontal all the time (safety issue) *It required excavation job lower than flour level which will effect existence utility line *very complicated
8. Underground
Multi level system
* The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. *It required excavation job lower than flour level which will effect existence utility line * It need one parking space to made extra parking for two cars *very complicated
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7.3 Lifting method The advantage of this method is more than one car can e handle in the same time, Also it will reduce the load acting on the driving motor when it use other care as counter wait .However This method required more space
This system is simple and required only to concern about arm movement for operation. However, Positional hazard is there when the car move to critical angle during landing and lifting.
It is obvious that this style is safest and simplest among other types , the car will be kept horizontal and leveled while the platform is operated
This method required larger area to Be available for normal operation. Also it is unsafe method Because
Table 18, it shows different types of lifting methods.
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7.4 Operation System
name description picture
Pneumatic and hydraulic
This type motor can provide high power ,however it required utility system for operation like piping, actuator, and pump .therefore, this type is costly .also in Hydraulic type in case of leak it will harm the environment.
Chain and sprocket This type of force transmission system can handle large load and not occupy large space .However , it required a lot of lubricating and greasing and maintenance .for UAE environment , dust will stick to the grease and made the shape dirty .
Cable and pulley Very simple and easily can e attached to the system. Also it is very cheap compare to other method and it is clean
Table 19, operations information
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7.5 Driving motor type
Motor type Description Picture
Air or Hydraulic Motor This type motor can provide high power ,however it required utility system for operation like piping, actuator, and pump .therefore, this type is costly
Internal combustion engine This system is noisy and
generating a lot of heat and CO2 emission. Also it is not efficient.
Electric motor This type of drive have high
efficiency and can be found in different size and load capacity. More over it is eco friendly
Table 20, different type of driving motor types.
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7.6 Morphological Chart
Sub function
function Solution
Fram
e
Lift
ing
Me
tho
d
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Op
era
tio
n
syst
em
Dri
vin
g
mo
tor
Table 21, it shows a morphological chart of function solution.
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7.7 Principle of operation
process description illustration
Lowering the platform
At this process the motor will turn clock wise side making the blue cable to be lose and the pulling force will be applied on the brown cable
Lifting the platform
At this process the motor will turn antilock wise side making the brown cable to be lose and the pulling force will be applied on the blue cable
Table 22, it shows the principle of operations.
Step # Description picture
1 At resting position the platform will set of the main from. High load is required by the motor
2 After starting the motor, the arm will start to
swing causing the platform to e lifted from the initially position. The angle of the arm will be less than 900. The load on the motor will reduces gradually
3 At this position, the lifting arms will be in
vertical position. The angle of the arm will be l 900the load more the movement will be ideal because most of the weight will be supported by the four arms.
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4 As the movement goes on, the platform will be lowered behind the frame. The angle of the arm will be more than 900. The load on the motor at this position is the least because the gravity force will take place to lower the platform.
5 At the end the platform will reach to the flour and the upper car can leave the parking.
Table 23, it shows the operation steps and its information
8 Embodiment design
8.1 Primary sub-system
Primary
sub-system
Lifting Main mechanical
driving system
Frame
Cable and
pulley
Motors Steel
structure
Cable and
pulley Lifting arms
Upper
platform
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8.2 Auxiliary components
Auxiliary components
Rollers
Rollers shaft
bearings
Fixing bolts & nuts
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9 Calculations Pulley calculation
With a single pulley, the pulley must be able to move so that mechanical advantage can be increased. Furthermore, the
pulley is turned upside-down.
The pulley to the left is suspended and as a consequence the
mechanical advantage is increased. This happens because the
rope on the left and right of the pulley are both lifting the
LOAD, they each lift half its weight. The load is split into 2.
The calculation is shown below.
9.1 Calculating the torque
required by the motor
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Figure 8 shows deferent force applied on cable
Motor
pulley
Ideal
pulley
Weight of
car
Figure 7, shows side view calculation of the torque that connected to the platform.
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The weight of the car we assume it is 5 Kg = 50 N
First of all, we need to calculate (fx) at 5 different angels.
This done by formula: tan Ɵ =
First case
We have Ɵ = 10, y = 50 N since we suppose the weight of the car is 5 kg multiply by 10.
1) tan Ɵ =
, tan 10o =
, x =
, which gives : x = 283 N
Second case:
We have Ɵ = 30o and y = 50 N
2) tan Ɵ =
, tan 30o =
, x =
, which gives : x = 86.6 N
Third case:
We have Ɵ = 45o and y = 50 N
3) tan Ɵ =
, tan 45o =
, x =
, which gives : x = 50 N
Fourth case:
We have Ɵ = 60o and y = 50 N
4) tan Ɵ =
, tan 60o =
, x =
, which gives : x = 28.9 N
Fifth case:
We have Ɵ = 90o and y = 50 N
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5) tan Ɵ =
, tan 90o =
, x =
, which gives : x = 0 N
Now, we have to calculate the hypotenuse f(H).
This done by
formula: cos Ɵ =
First case:
We have Ɵ = 10o, x = 283 N
1) cos Ɵ =
, cos 10o =
, H =
, which gives : H = 388.9 N
Second case:
We have Ɵ = 30o, x = 86.6 N
2) cos Ɵ =
, cos 30o =
, H =
, which gives : H = 99.997 N
Figure 9, it shows the forces distribution
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Third case:
We have Ɵ = 45o, x = 50 N
3) cos Ɵ =
, cos 45o =
, H =
, which gives: H = 50 N
Fourth case:
We have Ɵ = 60o, x = 28.9 N
4) cos Ɵ =
, cos 60o =
, H =
, which gives: H = 57.8 N
Fifth case:
We have Ɵ = 90o, x = 0 N
5) cos Ɵ =
, cos 90o =
, H =
, which gives: H = 0 N
Now, we need to calculate f(y) for all five cases. ( (x) is the case number and f(y) is the force act on the
motor pulley).
This is done by this formula: f(y) =
First case:
We have H1 = 388.9 N
f(y1) =
, Which gives f(y1) =194.45 N
Second case:
We have H2= 86.6 N,
f(y2) =
, Which gives f(y2) = 43.3 N
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Third case:
We have H3= 50 N
f(y3) =
, Which gives f(y3) = 25 N
Fourth case:
We have H4= 57.8 N
f(y4) =
, Which gives f(y4) = 28.9 N
Fifth case:
We have H5 = 0
f(y5) =
, Which gives f(y1) = 0 N
Finally, we can to calculate the torque required by the motor.
We have the diameter of the pulley which is 0.022 m. We also have the formula :
T = F(y) . D
T1= F(y1) . D = 194.45 X 0.022 = 4.278 N.m
T2= F(y2) . D = 43.3 X 0.022 = 0.953 N.m
T3= F(y3) . D = 25 X 0.022 = 0.55 N.m
T4= F(y4) . D = 28.9 X 0.022 = 0.64 N.m
T5= F(y5) . D = 0 X 0.022 = 0 N.m
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9.2 Area calculation:
Figure 10
Yellow arm
A3 =
r
2 (multiply by 2 because we have two arms)
Table 24, it shows the forces information to determine the required torque from the motor.
Angel (Ɵ) F(x) F(H) F(y) ( force act on motor pulley)
Torque
100 283 N 388.9 N 194.45 4.278 30o 86.6 N 99.997 N 43.3 0.953 45o 50 N 50 25 0.55 60o 28.9 N 57.8 28.9 0.64 90o 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N
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A = A1 + A2 + A3= ((23.5 x 2 x 2)/100)x 7850 + 9(16.5 x 2 x 2)/1000x7850 + 0.025
= 1.29 m2
Red arm
A = A1 + A2 =( (52 x 4)/100)x7850 +( (2.5 x 4)/100)x7850
= 1.71 m2
(multiply by 2 because we have two arms)
Platform
A = length X width
=( 52 x 30 x 2)/100)x 7850) = 24.5 m2
Frame
A = Length x width
= (50 x 30 x 2)/100)x 7850) = 23.6 m2
For calculating the mass, we used the electric balance where we weighed the arms, platform,
motor, and the plat form individually then added it up to form the whole mass.
Note: (yellow arm means the rear arms and the red arms means the front arms with semi-
circular).
Table 25, it shows the aread and the mass of parts of the frame
Mass Area Quantity
Kg m2
Yellow arm 0.38 1.29 2
Red arm 0.39 1.71 2
Platform 0.41 24.5 1
Motor 1.4 - 1
Frame 4.27 23.6 1
Prototype 6.85
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System path:
The sliding path of our project is divided into two paths:
Bow path
Straight line path
Bow path:
the main aim is to produce an bow with an angle of 60 °, and this can be made by dividing a a
circle into four parts, and then choose a a quarter, then divide the quarter into to angles, one is of
30° and the other is of 60°.
Figure 11, angle view
60 °
30
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Straight path:
The bow path determined the path direction toward the ground, where the angle (60 °)
determined the inclination of track which will decrease the speed of the platform when
descending. This process was chosen from the safety aspect because with gravity, the falling
motion will increase.
Figure 12, it shows the angle in the frame view
60 ° Falling motion
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9.3 Distance Required:
Total Length: 50 + 62 = 112cm
9.4 Structure analysis
The structure of the car park system is design with certain requirements to withstand weight of
the car on a plat form, the main purpose of the car park system is to save parking spaces by
lifting one car above the other with sharing the same car park slot. So we the FEA (finite element
analysis) are introduced. The finite element method is a good choice for solving partial
differential equations over complicated domains (like cars and oil pipelines), when the domain
changes (as during a solid state reaction with a moving boundary), when the desired precision
varies over the entire domain, or when the solution lacks smoothness.
ANSYS is used because it offers a comprehensive range of engineering simulation solution sets
providing access to virtually any field of engineering simulation that a design process requires,
and by this it will assess the design from a set of calculations regarding the movement, and
materials.
62 cm 50 cm
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The following diagram will show the type of material used in the frame and some specifications
that were proven to be helpful.
1018 Mild Steel
Alloy 1018 is the most commonly available of the cold-rolled steels. It is generally available in
round rod, square bar, and rectangle bar. It has a good combination of all of the typical traits of
steel - strength, some ductility, and comparative ease of machining. Chemically, it is very similar
to A36 Hot Rolled steel, but the cold rolling process creates a better surface finish and better
properties.
Our conditions are to have a safety factor of 3 and a high tensile strength of 440 MPA, so the
platform will carry three times the weight of the car.
10 Frame selection and sizing
We selected mild steel for our frame because it is has a low price while can be used in many
applications. This kind of steel contains 0.18%, therefore it’s neither brittle nor ductile. It is
cheap and malleable. The surface hardness can be increased by carburizing(is a heat treatment
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process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon liberated when the metal is heated in the presence
of a carbon bearing material).
Its often used when large amount of steel are needed, for example as structural steel. The density
of mild steel is 7,861.093 Kg/m3
, the tensile strength is a maximum of 500 Mpa and the young’s
modulus is 210,000 MPA.
Note: these dimensions are selected without considering the frame thickness.
11 Motor selection
In our design, we have one motor for the movement process, such as it is responsible for the
upward and downward movement by pulleys and cables. Where the tension in the cable must be
kept constant to ensure stability of the car on the platform.
Winch system motor selection
Force = total mass x gravity acceleration
= 6.85 x 9.81
=67.2 N
Force safety reasons force selected = 70 N
= 4.278 (calculated)
Power Torque (T) = Torque (N.m) x angular speed (rad/s)
= 4.278
Car dimensions Standard frame dimensions
Height 40 cm Height 30 cm Length 50 cm Length 52 cm Width 28 cm Width 30 cm
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11.1 Rubber stand
To prevent scratch and direct contact with the ground we installed rubber stands under the platform as
displayed in the following figure.
The diameter for the circular rubber base or stand is d= 8cm and the thickness is 1cm. this
product is easy to find if ordered from small shops that manufacture rubber.
11.2 Cable and pulley sizing
Our winch system is using a polyethylene fishing line as connecting rope for the weight lift up
during ascending and descending process. This cable is passing through many pulleys in which
the main purpose of them is to change and re dispute the force direction and also guiding the
cable that is connecting the winch drum and upper platform.
Rubber stands
Figure 13, rubber stands prospect
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The previous figure shows that the car system has three pulleys. The cable is connected to the
motor winch assembly and extends along the pulleys. The motor will move the line in a clock
wise and counter clock wise motion, the clock wise motion will move the platform downward
where the counter clock wise direction wise direction will move the platform upward.
As you can see from figure 11, we extracted our design from
the mideavil castle gate and developed it to do more
applications such as carrying object, the same principle apply
in our project but with more accessories and modifications like
the motor, different material selections.
Figure 14, castle gate
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11.2.1 Cable sizing
Basically the cable sizing was determined on the safety factor which was chosen to be
three, and because we designed a frame that can withstand 50kg, it was appropriate to choose a
cable that can carry up to 150 kg, so due to such requirements we chose the HARUNA
SEAMASTER HARD LEADER, This leader material has been developed, through its special
hardening, for the roughest fishing in deep sea, ledges, coral and mussel reefs. It sticks stiffly out
from the main line and holds the hook in the correct position. With such a high breaking strain
(180 kg at just 1.60 mm diameter), even a Halibut of 150 kg would not be a problem. Haruna
Seamaster Hard Leader is even successfully used in professional fishing and valued for its
transparency.
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11.3 Stretch or Elasticity
Most braided lines have very low stretch of between 1% and 8% allowing unique and
direct control and contact to your bait. Just for predator fishing with modern methods, such as
drop shot fishing, a well braided line is without doubt the best line to use. An important issue to
consider however that is a low-stretch-line means a much higher load on the unit, because each
strike goes directly through the rod and reel. It means that with braided lines it is particularly
important to correctly set the reel brake. Our tip: Because of its low stretch, a braided fishing line
is not always the appropriate choice for every angling method. Every ordinary fishing reel now
has a spare spool, so we recommend filling one spool with a braid and the other one with a
monofilament, so that you are perfectly prepared for every situation.
Attributes: • Ideal also for professional sea fishing
Diameter Ø mm 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.05 1.20 1.45 1.6
Kg 30 42 60 80 100 150 180
Figure 15, side view of the project
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As you can see from (figure 15), that shows the mechanical movement of the Aluminum
platform. Platform is placed and fit on the frame with bases that makes space between the
platform and the frame. The platform is attached with two arms of steel. The red arm which is
front from car prospect, is cut from the middle as a semi circle that is used to house the pulley.
The rear yellow arm is another is also attached for more operation control. The length of both
arms and the place of the holding determine safe operation that makes the platform move
smoothly and goes down without touching the frame or the below car. Under the platform, there
is piece of steel that is attached to both yellow arms which hole and platform and make it more
stabilized. On the front side of the project, There are 2 pulleys that is attached with a DC motor.
What drive the pulley is the cable that is attached from pulley to both rear and front arms passing
the tensioner. The purpose of the tensioner is to not make the cable loose which provide safe
movement. After the tensioner, the cables goes all the way to the small pulley on the back of the
frame that is help to pull the platform and move it. Under the platform, spring limiter is attached
to provide the possible needed spring movement. To complete the movement of pushing and
pulling the platform with safe operation, there is also another small pulleys on front side of the
frame that you can see it in ( figure 15) on the highest part of the frame.
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12 Conclusion and recommendation We can improve the operation by
installing a set of instruments and control
devices such as limit switches and speed
control for the motor. The limit switch
will end the operation as soon as the
movement reaches its desired position,
and the controller will give us more
control over the speed. All of this will
make the operation more Automatic.
Figure 17, variable speed controller
Figure 16, limit switch
Mechanical Double Parking System 2012
MECH N450 Dr. Yw Chan | HCT, Abu Dhabi
66
13 References
http://www.eaglesteel.com/download/techdocs/Carbon_Steel_Grades.pdf
http://www.ockert.net/download/climax_gb_2011_2012.pdf
http://www.climax-fishingline.de/EN/haruna_seamaster.html
http://www.technologystudent.com/gears1/pulley8.htm
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