doors and hardware lecture five - …...steel door frames gage for frames are related to the door...

DOORS AND HARDWARE

LECTURE FIVE

DOORS

CODE ISSUES

Fire rated doorsDefined as the door assembly

Door, frame, hardware

20 min Rated DoorUse in a 1 hour rated exit access corridor

45 min Hour Rating DoorUse in 1 hour rated occupancy (tenant space) separation

1-1/2 hour Rating DoorUse in 2 hour rated exit stairway in multi floor projectsUse in 2 hour horizontal exit

Wood DoorsCertain types may be labeled for 1-1/2 hrNote that wood frames may only be used to 12 minuterating

Code Issues, Con’t

Additional Considerations – Exit Doors:Smoke and draft seals are required around the door.Must be maintained self-closing or automatic closing (by activation of a smoke detector)

Most codes require a solid core door to separate an attached garage from the house

Type and size of glass used in a door is restrictedGlass must be wired or fire rated glassSet in metal frame1 to 1-1/2 hr. rated door – 100 sq. inch. Max - 10” width, 33” height20 to 45 min rated door – 1296 sq. inch (36” x 36”) with maximum height or width of 54 inch.

DOORS

Code Issues, con’t

Additional Considerations – Exit Doors, Con’t

Generally cannot make modifications on the job

Bottom gap required to be less than 1/2 ” or 3/8” to

noncombustible sill

Size max. – 48” width and 96” height

A minimum distance of any glazing from the edge is 6”

Labels

The door, frame, and closer are required to be

labeled

Other hardware is required to be listed.

NFPA 80

DOORS

USE OF PARTITION

RATING OF PARTITION

REQ’D DOORASSEMBLY RATING

CORRIDORS 1 HR OR LESS 20 MINUTES

SMOKE BARRIERS 1 HR 20 MINUTES

FIRE PARTITIONS 1 HR ¾ HR

EXIT PASSAGEWAYS

1 HR 1 HR

EXIT STAIRS 1 HR 1 HR

OCCUPANCY SEPARATIONS

1 HR ¾ HR

EXIT STAIRS 2 HRS 1 ½ HRS

FIRE – RATED DOOR CLASSIFICATIONS

DOORS

DOORS

DOORS – TYPES & DETAILS

Types

SwingingHinged, Offset Pivot, Center-hung Pivot, Balanced, Double ActingCan be used as an exitDouble acting door cannot be used as an exit

SlidingPocket, Bi-pass, SurfaceCannot be used as an exit

FoldingBi-fold, AccordionCannot be used as an exit

SpecialOperable PartitionOverhead CoilingRevolvingCannot be used as an exit

DOORS

Door handingRefers to the way a door swings. Hardware that can work on either hand of door is called reversible or non-handed

Determine from the outside or key side of the door. (exterior or hallway

orbetween two rooms, the side of the door where the hinge is located

Left hand – door swings on the left away from youRight hand – door swings on the right away from you

DOORS

DOORS

DOORS

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

How to decide type of door needed?

Primary function

Code requirements, Use frequency, Ease of operation,

security, sound privacy, cost, availability

Desired appearance

Contrast, concealed, etc.

Type of material

Door size

Horizontal and vertical

Frame type

Appearance, fire rating, security, anchorage requirements

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Additional concerns

1. Is the door far enough away from the wall to allow full

90 degree opening

2. Is visibility an issue

3. Floor clearance

4. Full function for concealed doors not restricted

5. Accessibility requirements on either side of door (12”/18”)

6. Are tolerances standard

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Components

The door itself

The frame

The hardware

The partition

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Flush Wood Doors

Laminate veneers over various cores

Veneer matching same as for panels

Book, Slip, Random

Balance, Center Balance, Running

Veneer matching between doors

Pair Match

Set Match

Transoms

Continuous, End, No Match

Edge Meeting Options

Transom meeting Options

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Glazing Options

Flush Moldings

Lip Moldings

Hollow Core

Frame of solid wood

Cannot be fire rated

Core - Ladder, mesh or cellular

DOORS – WOOD

Solid Core Door

Particle board core3 to 7 plyMay be used in 20 – 30 min rated situations

Staved lumber CoreSolid blocks of woodMay be used in 20 – 30 min rated situations

Mineral CoreUse when fire ratings require 45 min to 1-1/2 hour doors

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Staved Lumber Mineral Core

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Special Function Wood Flush Doors

Sound Attenuated doorMay be thicker than 1-3/4”May have a special coreWould require attention to gasketingWould consider special detail for bottom

closure

Lead lined Electrostatic Shield

Grounded through the hinges

StandardsNational Wood Window and Door Association

(NWWDA)AWI

P, C, E

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Panel Doors

Stiles

Vertical outside

members

Rails

Bottom rail is

usually the widest

Top rail and Stiles

are often the

same width

Mullions

Upright member

between panels

Panels

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Panel Doors, con’t

Muntins and Bars

Refer to glass doors

Bar – extends the total height or width of the glass opening

Muntin – A short bar either vertical or horizontal

Joinery Options

A. Haunched Mortise and Tenon

B. Slot Mortise and Tenon

C. Doweled

D. Loose Tenon

6 panel, 8 panel, etc.

A. B.

C. D.

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Louvered Doors

Closet, Ventilation

Sash Doors

One or more pieces of glass

Similar construction as panel door but require removable

stops

Referred to as a French door if multiple sash lights

Glass Doors

Glass set in a solid wood frame

Dutch Doors

Door is halved horizontally

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Wood door Specifications

Standard widths

1’-6”, 2’, 2’-4”, 2’-6”, 2’-8”, 3’

Standard Thickness

Hollow Core – 1-3/8”

Solid Wood Core – 1-3/4”

1/8” clearance around

periphery between

door and frame

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Standard Wood Door Assemblies

Three major Parts

Head/jamb frame

Casing to cover gap

The stop

All wood doors have a 3 degree bevel on the strike side (side with latch or keying) to allow closure

Wood doors – generally used only to 20 min. fire rating

Steel door frames may be laminated with wood veneers

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Common Wood Door Frame Variations

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

Custom Assemblies

Many of the parts of the

assembly may be omitted.

Frameless doors require a pivot

or track since a hinge is not

possible

Important to design the casing

to integrate with the wall base

trim

Floor closers will require

adequate thickness

Same for ceiling closures – will

require adequate support

bracing

DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

Steel, Aluminum, Stainless Steel, Bronze

Door ConstructionCore

Honeycomb Kraft paper

Steel ribs

Mineral fiberboardPolyurethane

Polystyrene

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

Steel Door Grades:Grade I – 20 gage

Standard DutyGrade II – 18 gage

Heavy Duty

Grade III – 18, 16, 14 gage

Extra Heavy Duty

Full Flush

Each door face is fabricated from a single

sheet of steel

No visible seams on the surface of the faces

Seamless

Same as full flush with no visible seam on the

vertical edges

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

Steel Door Frames

Gage for frames are related to the door grade

Usually of a “thicker” gage than door – drops grade

level (18 to 16)

Three Types

One piece welded

Must be set in place before partition is

constructed

Knockdown (KD

Frame can be set AFTER the gypsum

partitions are built

Welded

Frames welded on site.

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

Door and Frame Specifications

Standard Widths

2’ to 4’ in 2” multiples

Clearances

1/8” on hinge and head jamb.

1/4 ” between door pairs (fire rated – 1/8”)

Undercut (bottom) – 3/4 ”

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

AssembliesStandard

Flush, Sash, Louvered Doors

Frames

Standard profile for fire rated assemblies

Standard Terms

Soffit

Rabbet

Jamb Anchor clip

Stop

Face

Backbend returns

Common Variations

Flush frame

Frame for two hour rated partition

Single rabbited for narrow partition

Frame for masonry wall

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

STANDARD DOUBLE RABBET

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

Assemblies, con’t

Consider sanitary stops for facilities where this is

important – the stop does not extent to the floor

Remember the rubber silencers!!!!!!!!

Remember that full height doors may require extra bracing

to the structure above

DOORS & FRAMES – METAL

Aluminum Frames and Doors

Common use in glass doors for rail and stile members

Used in many demountable partition systems

Consider use of pre-finished gypsum wall panels

Extrusion process affords complex shapes with square edges

Available for 20 min fire rated openings

DOORS & FRAMES – ADDT’L TYPES

Term applies to primarily all glass doors with fittings for hardware

1/2 ’ to 3/4 ” Tempered Glass

Modifications must be made before tempering process

• Often Custom designed

• Locking mechanism is usually on the bottom fitting

• With or without frame

• Door closers are usually in the floor and associated with the

pivoting mechanism

• These doors cannot be fire rated

DOORS & FRAMES – GLASS

DOORS & FRAMES – GLASS

Folding or Accordion Doors and Partitions

Require a track system in the ceiling for suspension

Relatively inexpensive

Not a fire rated door

Acoustic attenuation is very limited

Size limited to 40’ wide openings – up to 20’ high

DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING

Operable Partitions

Usually 3’ to 5’ panel widths

Unlimited width of opening

Usually limited to 48’ high openings

Electrical operation is available

Sound transfer attenuation is possible to STC rating

of 58

Due to weight of partition a Structural engineer is

usually required.

DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING

DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING

DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING

DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING

Overhead Coiling Doors

Use for fire separation and security

Occasional use

Cannot be used in an exit corridor unless an

approved exit door is adjacent

Requires a steel track on either side – detailing can

hide minimize the aesthetic impact

DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING

DOORS – HARDWARE

The Code Issues-Exit doors are required to be operated from the

inside without key or special knowledge

-Panic Hardware mounting height – 30 to 40”

Force to unlatch – 15 lbs

-Panic Hardware required for the following

occupancies:Assembly

Educational (loads greater than 50)

Institutional (loads greater than 50)

-Exit doors must have closers – hold open

devices must release upon activation of

a smoke detector-Hinges – stainless steel and ball bearing

-Threshold not greater than 1/2 ” high

-Door latches when closed

-Must comply with ADAAG

DOORS – HARDWARE

Major Categories

Finish Hardware

Cabinet Hardware

Selection Process

Opening requirementsCode Requirements

Accessibility

Security

DOORS – HARDWARE

Mounting Hardware

Common Hinge Types

Two leaves with knuckles

Pin – Removable or non removable for security reasons

Mortise types reference door mortise

Full mortise

Half Mortise

DOORS – HARDWARE

Mounting Hardware

Surface types reference frame mortise

Half surface – secured to door with through bolts

Full Surface – secured to door with through bolts

DOORS – HARDWARE

Mounting Hardware, con’t

Special Hinges

Raised barrel – used where frame prevents normal barrel extension

Swing Clear – door swings clear of opening thus not restricting

frame dimension

Electric Hinges used for security issues

Wide Throw – used where door and hinge must clear molding

DOORS – HARDWARE

DOORS – HARDWARE

Mounting Hardware, con’t

Pivot

Types

Center Hung

Allow door to swing in either direction

May be concealed

Rotation point is typically 2-3/4” from frame

Offset

Will allow door to swing 180 degrees

DOORS – HARDWARE

DOORS – HARDWARE

Selection of Hinge

Type

Door weight

Standard weight, plain bearing

Standard weight, ball bearing

Heavy weight, ball bearing

Size

4-1/4 x 4-1/2” Height without pin x entire width of both leaves when opened

DOORS – HARDWARE

Selection of Hinge, con’t

Number required

Up to 60” height – 2 hinges

60” to 90” – 3 hinges

90” (7.5’) to 120” – 4 hinges

Material

Stainless steel or steel for fire rated doors

Finish

Tip of pin Design

DOORS – HARDWARE

Operating Devices

Latch set and lockset (a latchset that can be locked)

4 Types

Mortise

Two classifications (operation and security)

3 grades for each classification

Grade 1 is the highest level of

operation or security

Pre-assembled

Seldom used today

Bored

Cylindrical locks or latches

Interconnected

Release of both bolts is the result of a single

action

DOORS – HARDWARE

DOORS – HARDWARE

Operating Devices, Con’t

Exit devices

Panic hardware

Electrified hardware may be used where entry

from the outside is controlled by keypad or card but inside is

manually operated

Pulls and push plates

Power assisted openers

Accessibility

Mounting on the head of the door or concealed in

the floor (requires depth of 6 to 8”)

DOORS – HARDWARE

Operating Devices, Con’t

Closing Devices

Surface mounted closers

Grades 1-3, Grade 1 is the most durable, high frequency of

use.

Adjustable closers can be used for barrier free applications

– can adjust resistance to be set to 5lb (interior non fire-

rated doors).

Concealed closers

Door should be 1-3/4” thick in order to conceal

Delayed action

Pivot Closers

May be used for either center or offset pivot

Floor or above the door for center hung

Only floor for offset hung door

Integrated with smoke detectors – Automatic closure wired to the

alarm system

DOORS – HARDWARE

Operating Devices, con’t

Door Seals

Smoke Seals – Head and Jamb sections

Light and sound seals

Automatic door bottoms

Plunger strikes the jamb and forces the seal down

against the floor

DOORS – HARDWARE

Operating Devices, Con’t

Door security

Dead boltsLimited to single family residences and guest rooms of hotelsCodes require that operation from the inside does not require a key

Flush boltsLever bolt to the floor and ceilingProhibited on exit doors

KeyingSeveral levels

Change key – Master key – Grand Master Key – Great Grand Master key ……

DOORS – HARDWARE

Operating Devices, Con’t

Other Hardware

Astragals

Vertical members between doors

Required on fire rated double door opening along with a

coordinator

Coordinators

Device that prevents the astragal from interfering with

the closing of the inactive door

The seal occurs after the active door is closed

Door stops and bumpers

Protective Coverings

Mop Plates

Kick plates extend higher than mop plates

Armor plates – Mounted higher and extend the full width

of door – waist level

Door Holders

DOORS – HARDWARE

Operating Devices, Con’t

Electronic Hardware

Electric Locks, Electric bolts, Card readers, Keypad

devices, magnetic hold-open devices

Delayed-exit devices

Stay locked for a period of time after being activated

(alarm sounds) unless there is a fire– for security

reasons.

Standard Hardware Mounting heights

DOORS – HARDWARE

34-38”

DOORS – HARDWARE

This is not a section but an enlargement of a section – thus section symbol not correct

This section symbol should be placed on plan

Do not use this configuration

Doors

References

Ballast, D. K. (2002). Interior Construction and Detailing for

Designers and Architects. Belmont: Professional

Publications, Inc

Ballast, D. K. (2013). Interior Design Reference Manual. PPI

Architectural Wood Institute (AWI). (2003). Architectural

Woodwork Quality Standards (1999).Restin: Architectural

Woodwork Institute.

McGowan, M., AIA and K. Kruse, AIA. (Eds). (2003). Interior

Graphic Standards. Hobokin: John Wiley and Sons.

Ching, F. D. K. & C. Adams. (2001). Building Construction

Illustrated (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Harmon, S. K., K. E. Kennon, AIA. (2001). The Codes Guidebook

for Interiors (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hoke, J. R. Jr., FAIA (Ed.). (1994). Architectural Graphic

Standards (9th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.