doi> norman paskin, international doi foundation digital object identifier

doi>

Norman Paskin, International DOI Foundation

Digital Object Identifier

• What is DOI?• What is International DOI Foundation? • Applications• Where we are now

doi>Overview of presentation

doi>Background

• Trade in intellectual property represents over 5% of the world’s traded economy, and this proportion is increasing.

• This trade is increasingly in rights, digital files, and other intangible items which are not covered by the EAN-UCC system. e-commerce of e-goods and physical goods

• The DOI System, developed by the content industries through an independent International DOI Foundation (IDF), is an existing, proven system which provides this functionality on the internet

• Developed by and for the content supply chain • Business opportunities: services about rights and related

data in existing traded items; synergies for linkage of identified items to information; opportunities for trading in currently non-traded items

• Identify e-goods which are traded by e-commerce (intellectual property)– To manage it, must identify it– To use in a supply chain, must make information about it available– Must be reliable: persistent– Must work with existing systems: interoperable – Must not be tied to one technology, sector, business model, etc

• Proven, successful – Theory: consistent data model – Practice: > 10 million, services rely on it

• Use of well-developed standards: Handle, indecs• No competition

– Active area: URI, URN, PURL, OpenURL, XRI…– DOI leads: no other as well specified and proven in practice

• No threat– Not-for-profit organisation– Franchised system to variety of authorised agencies

doi>DOI

Description by structured

metadata

Internet Resolution

Numbering scheme

Policies

doi>

DOI syntax can include any

existing identifier, formal or informal,

of any entity

• An identifier “container” e.g.– 10.1234/5678– 10.5678/978-0-7645-4889-4– 10.2224/2003-12-02-PLS-DOI

• First class object: name– Non-semantic

• Persistent

Descriptionby structured

metadata

Resolutionby Handle

Numbering scheme

Policies

doi>

Handle resolution allows a DOI to link to

any & multiple piecesof current data

• Resolve from DOI to multiple data:– Location (URL) – persistence– Multiple locations– Metadata– Services– Extensible: new types

• Handle system- Granularity- Scalability- Administrative delegation- Security - etc - Kahn (internet)

Descriptionby structured

metadata

Resolutionby Handle

Numbering scheme

Policies

doi>

“the Handle System … offers both better technology and lessons-learned governance...but lacks the visibility of the DNS, which is an order of magnitude larger in the number of things registered…But there is now a broader, outward-facing implementation, overseen by the International DOI Foundation”

Esther Dyson, Release 1.0: "Online Registries: The DNS and Beyond..." September 2003

http://dx.doi.org/10.1340/309registries

doi>Internet Registries

<indecs> framework:DOI can describe

any form of intellectual property,

at any level of granularity

• Metadata• Necessary for interoperability

– “Enabling information that originates in one context to be used in another in ways that are as highly automated as possible”.

• Able to use existing metadata – Mapped using standard dictionary

• Providing a standard way of accessing and using the object – DOI Applications, Services

• Indecs = interoperability of data in e commerce systems – Adopted by ISO MPEG etc

Descriptionby structured

metadata

Resolutionby Handle

Numbering scheme

Policies

doi>

DOI policies allow any

business model for practical

implementations

• Implementation • Business model

– Governance and agreed scope, policy, rules – Cost-recovery (self-sustaining)– Registration agencies (cf EAN, ISBN, Visa)

• Each can develop own applications, services, sector rules, business model, fees, metadata etc

Descriptionby structured

metadata

Resolutionby Handle

Numbering scheme

Policies

doi>

• What is DOI?• What is International DOI Foundation? • Applications• Where we are now

doi>

• Current Members: 34 (including PLS)• 7 Registration Agencies so far

– CrossRef (International)– Content Directions Inc (US)– Enpia (Korea)– TSO (UK)– MEDRA (Spain/Germany/Italy/France)– Learning Objects Network (US)– Copyright Agency Ltd (Australia)

+ 4 others in process at present

doi>IDF

Conversion from membership support to operational support:

Year Number of RAs (end year) %of revenues RAs

1999 A 0 02000 A 1 <102001 A 3 202002 A 6 372003 LE 7 452004 F 8 512005 F 14 63

Self-sustaining doi>

• What is DOI?• What is International DOI Foundation? • Applications• Where we are now

doi>

• CrossRef: first and still biggest application• 245 publishers, 145 libraries, etc.; replacing thousands of

bilateral agreements • 10 millionth DOI (August 2003) was a CrossRef one

Journal articles doi>

• TSO: UK Official Publications now have DOIs• EC: Office of Publications: from 2004• OECD: all publications, tables, etc • DOD (with LON):

– "The Department of Defense is implementing the advanced Knowledge Resource System to link together heterogeneous repositories of content and we find the DOI to provide unique capabilities that are essential to the system and the overall architecture. I would recommend...the unique functionality of the DOI for government architecture."

– Leslye McDade-Morrison, Office of the Chancellor for Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Defense, August 2003

• Collaborating with CENDI etc

Government documents doi>

• National Libraries joined IDF: – CENL (41 countries) with “gatekeepers” BL, KB, DB

• Digital Library Federation – Collaboration on “appropriate copy” (localisation)

• DOIs for Data:– German National Library of Science and Technology

(TIB), the world's largest library of science and technology.

– Major project funded by DFG: use of DOIs to persistently identify scientific data sets. IDF Press Release Sept 15

Libraries doi>

• The EAN.UCC system – analogy and a model for DOI. – identifies traded tangible entities– EAN bar codes are the main current product– AutoID and RFID will be future products: linked to

internet

• Seybold San Francisco conference survey: “many benefits of print/electronic integration [...] are yet to be realized… Only 16 percent of the companies used content management systems to re-purpose content from print publications for the Internet. The transition is in many cases still done manually with the publishing process showing a great lack of automated systems.”

DOIs and EPC (Electronic Product Codes) doi>

• What is DOI?• What is International DOI Foundation? • Applications• Where we are now

doi>

• Practical, successful, implementation of naming objects– Over 10 million DOIs

• New applications blossoming– Government, data, etc

• Sound template for advanced applications: multiple resolution + metadata – Practical implementations underway

• Becoming more understood and accepted in the emerging “identification and metadata” issues

• Linkage with other standards: – MPEG RDD, OpenURL, etc

• Linkage with practical activities: – publishers, libraries, EAN…

2003 Summary doi>

• Summary of DOI progress • D-Lib magazine, June 2003

– DOI: 10.1045/june2003-paskin– www.dlib.org

partiesEntities such as: manifestations (“products”)

abstractions licences etc…

Companies, libraries, authors, publishers etc.

Vanity Fair, Beethovens Fifth, etc

Books, CDs, DVDs, pdf files, MP3 files, etc. Licence from OUP to

MIT #3456, etc.

How it all fits… doi>

products

partiesEntities such as: manifestations (“products”)

abstractions

e.g. ISO: ISIL ISTC, ISWC ISBN, ISSN, ISAN

licences etc…

e.g. non-ISO: PII SICIIPI

e.g. FRBR; indecs>Data model/ontology

Defines entities to be identified

Product information exchange formats e.g. ONIX, PRISM

Matching e.g. InterParty

e.g. DOI

structured metadata

associated by internal databases or global resolution to

Public services about identified entities: global, interoperable

in common dictionary allows resolution to

e.g. indecsDD

e.g. DOI

Have identifiers

doi>n.paskin@doi.orgwww.doi.org