do now: review from yesterday: you need your reference table… name the element 1.period 7, group 1...

DO NOW: REVIEW FROM YESTERDAY:You need your reference table…

Name the element1. Period 7, group 1

2. Period 4, Halogen family

3. 2 energy shells, Alkaline Earth Metal

4. Noble gas, period 2

5. 3 valance electrons, period 3

6. 6 valance electrons, 3 energy shells

7. 1 energy shell, 2 valance electrons

8. Row 4, Carbon Family

What is the periodic table?

• compact way of organizing elements• contains a lot of information • allows us to make predictions about

behaviour and properties of elements

• Elements

Periodic Law

• There is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of elements when arranged by increasing atomic numberincreasing atomic number

Classifying the Elements

• 75% of elements are metalsmetals• Remaining elements: non-metalsnon-metals &

metalloidsmetalloids (semi-metals)• Staircase:Staircase:

– dividing line between metals & nonmetals – elements to left are metals– elements to right are non-metals

Properties of Metals• Malleable – flattened into sheets• Ductile – drawn into wires & tubes • have Luster• Good Conductors of heat & electricity• Solid at room temperature (except Hg)• Metals lose electrons & form positive ions

““Metals are losersMetals are losers””

So…metals don’t want electrons, they want to get rid of

them

2-8-1 2-8

Hg

LIQUID

SOLIDS

METALSMOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER

Properties of Nonmetals• generally gases or solids (except Br2)

• solids are Brittle• solids are Dull• poor conductors of heat & electricity• Nonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions

““Nonmetals are winnersNonmetals are winners””

So…nonmetals love electrons, they want to take electrons

2-6 2-8

Hg

LIQUID

SOLIDS

METALSMOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER

Br

NONMETALS

MOST REACTIVENONMETAL

Non-reactive – they have

all 8 valance electrons

Most elements are solid at room temperature

• Liquids (only 2 at room temp.)– Br2 (non-metal) and Hg (metal)

• GASES– Elements that are gases at STP are…

Diatomics: They don’t like to be alone so they always pair up!

• H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2

– Monatomics: noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Hg

LIQUID

SOLIDS

METALSMOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER

Br

NONMETALS

MOST REACTIVENONMETAL

Non-reactive – they have

all 8 valance electrons

GASSES

H

N O F

Cl

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

Rn

Properties of Metalloids

Each metalloid has some metallic and some nonmetallic properties– Example:Si

• shiny like metal but brittle like nonmetal