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What are the classes of drugs?
What is a side effect of drug use?
What is the most commonly used depressant?
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Drugs
Substance Abuse ◦ Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical
substances for nonmedical purposes
Illicit drug use◦ The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or
other wise not permitted
•Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sellIllegal Drugs (street drugs)
•Drugs available only by means of a doctor’s written instructions and can be dispensed only by a licensed pharmacist
Prescription Drugs
•Drugs that you can buy without a prescription. Can be harmful if not used properlyOver-the-
counter Drugs
What are factors that influence decisions about drugs?
PEER PRESSURE
Family MembersRole Models
MEDIA MESSAGES
Perceptions
Unlike medicines, these substances are not monitored for quality, purity, or strength
Health Consequences of Drug UseIllegal drugs have harmful side effects that can range from minor to deadly
Physical ConsequencesBrain, heart, lungs, and other vital organs
Contraction of Diseases such as hepatitis B and HIV Overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal
reaction to taking a large amount of a
drug
MENTAL/ EMOTIONAL CONSEQUENCESDrugs cloud reasoning and thinking, and users lose
control of their behavior
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCESNegative effect on relationships with friends and
family members; Substance abuse is a major factor in many crimes, suicides, and unintentional injuries
Side Effects of Drug usenausea
headaches
Loss of consciousness
Death
TOLERANCE: THE BODY OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSERNEEDS MORE AND MORE OF THE DRUG TO GET THESAME EFFECT.
Psychological dependence:A condition in which a person believes
That a drug is needed in order to feel good Or to function normally
Physiological Dependence:A condition in which the user has a chemical
Need for the drug
Addiction: A physiologicalOr psychological dependence on a drug
a plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are usually smoked for their intoxicating effects
Marijuana:
Also known as grass, weed, and pot
Hashish, or hash, is a stronger form of marijuana
An individual who uses marijuana is 17 times more likely to use cocaine than one who has never used marijuana.
Marijuana
Slow mental reflexes and may suffer sudden feelings of anxiety and paranoia
In males, regular use interferes with sperm production and lowers levels of testosterone
Females experience an INCREASE IN TESTOSTERONE LEVELS which may result in unwanted facial hair and can lead to infertility
Driving under the influence of marijuana can be as dangerous as driving while intoxicated
Effects of Marijuana
Substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to achieve a mind-altering effect
Inhalants
Solvents Aerosols Glues Spray paints Gasoline Varnishes Nitrous oxides
Examples of Inhalants
Glassy stare Slurred speech Impaired judgment Permanent nervous system and brain
damage Sudden Death by:
◦ increasing heart rate resulting in cardiac arrest◦ suffocation
Consequences of inhalant use
Synthetic substances that are similar to the male sex hormone testosterone
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Effects of Steroid use
The non-medical use of steroids is illegal for people of all ages in the United States
Anabolic refers to muscle building
Androgenic refers to increased male characteristics
• Mood swings• Impaired judgment
resulting from feelings of invincibility
• Paranoia• If needle injection used
the risk of disease-causing viruses ex: HIV
4 Types◦Stimulants
◦Depressants
◦Narcotics
◦Hallucinogens
Psychoactive Drugschemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain
StimulantsCocaineCrackAmphetaminesMethamphetamineMethylphenidate (Ritalin)
A rapid-acting, powerful, highly addictive stimulant that interrupts normal functioning of the central nervous system
Effects of Cocaine Include:
Cocaine
depression
fatigue
paranoia
Physiological dependence
malnutrition
Cardiac Problems
COLLAPSE OF NASAL SEPTUM
Cardiac ArrestRESPIRATORY FAILURE
seizuresDEATH
An even more dangerous form of cocaine
One of the most deadly drugs available
Crack
Health RisksEXTREMELY ADDICTIVE
RAPID INCREASE IN HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE CAN CAUSE DEATH
MIXING WITH ALCOHOL IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS
Prescription medicines to reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetite
Health Risks Easily developed tolerance can result in overdose Twitching Irregular heartbeat Paranoia Heart and blood vessel damage
Amphetamines
Methamphetamines (Meth) Meth can be lethal, ADDICTIVE, and
unpredictable Club Drug Another form is Crystal Meth
Effects of Meth UseGeneral Effects Long Term Effects Elevated heart rate,
blood pressure and respiratory rate
Decreased Appetite Alertness Aggression Paranoia Depression Irritability Hallucinations Delusions
Strong psychological dependence
Malnutrition Skin abscesses Mood disturbances Kidney and other tissue
damage Cardiac and neurological
damage Meth Mouth
Both Ritalin and Adderall are the two most commonly abused prescription stimulants
When abused can lead to ◦Dangerously high body temperature
◦Irregular heartbeat◦Paranoia◦Cardiovascular failure◦Lethal Seizures
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
DepressantsBarbituratesTranquilizersRohypnolGHB
Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system
The most commonly used depressants is
Depressants
Alcohol
Known as Looks like an ordinary aspirin Rohypnol can be dissolved easily into a
beverage. The victim wakes up much later with no recollection of what may have happened during the last several hours
Rohypnolthe date rape drug
Another Date Rape Drug A person can easily overdose on GHB The drug leaves the blood relatively
quickly, making it hard to discover
GHB
Low Doses Higher DosagesDrowsinessDizzinessNauseaVisual Disturbances
UnconsciousnessSeizuresSevere Respiratory DepressionComa
NarcoticsHeroinOpiumOxycodoneHyrocodone
1. An addictive drug, such as opium, that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor. Natural and synthetic narcotics are used in medicine to control pain.
2. A soothing, numbing agent or thing
Narcotics
Highly addictive Depresses the central nervous system
Slows breathing and pulse rate Infection of the heart lining and valvesLiver disease Coma Death
Heroin
HEALTH RISKS
Heroin
A narcotic prescribed to relieve pain
OxyContin is a timed-releases version of Oxycodone
Do not take while drinking alcohol Dangerous side effects or death can occur when combined
It is a significant threat because it is only available in higher doses
OxycodoneExtremely Addictive
Oxycodone in the News
A narcotic drug prescribed for pain control
Vicodin is one of the most commonly abused forms
Extremely Addictive
Hydrocodone
Short Term Effects Long Term Effects
Difficulty Breathing
Closing of the throat
Facial Swelling Hives Seizures Loss of
Consciousness Coma
Constipation Dryness of
Mouth Respiratory
Depression Physical
Tolerance Dependence
HallucinogensPCPHallucinogenic Mushrooms MescalineKetamineLSD
PCP
Considered an Hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant and anesthetic
Unpredictable with reactionsFlashbacks can occur at anytime causing:• P
anic
• Confusion
• Lack of Control
Symptoms
HallucinationsDisorientationImpaired CoordinationComaStuporConvulsionsDecreased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure SeizuresDeath • O
verdose
• Induced destructive behavior
Preoperative anesthetic that is used in veterinary medicine
Makes the user feel detached from his or her environment
Has both analgesic (pain relief) and amnesic (memory loss) properties
Has been used in drug facilitated sexual assaults
Ketamine
Effects DEPRESSED RESPIRATORY RATE NAUSEA LOSS OF COORDINATION TEMPORARY AMNESIA HALLUCINATIONS PARANOIA COMA FLASHBACKS CONVULSIONS DEATH
Ketamine Today
Do you think that the USA should allow Ketamine induced comas?
Why or Why not?
Ketamine Coma
The most potent and highly studied hallucinogen
Effects are
Effects can last from 2 hours to 12 hours depending on dosage
DOI is a drug that is very similar both in affects and form to LSD
Often times users conceal drugs in food such as gummy bears, cookies
LSD
Introducing LSD
Illusions Hallucinations Disorientation Impaired coordination Tremors Confusion
Effects Extreme mood
sings Impaired short-term
memory Prolong Depression Anxiety Flashbacks
Personal Stories
Other Drugs
Designer Drug: synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs
Combination STIMULANT AND HALLUCINOGEN
Suppresses the need to eat Ecstasy Tablets come in many different
shapes, colors, sizes and with many logos.
MDMA Ecstasy
Confusion Depression Sleep Difficulties Anxiety Panic Attacks Jaw Clenching/ Teeth
Grinding
Consequences
Ecstasy disrupts the body’s ability to regulate
temperature, thus heating to a point that can result in liver,
kidney and cardiovascular-system failure and sometimes
death
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Liver Damage Paranoia Depression Damage to the brain
A cough suppressing ingredient in a variety of over-the-counter cold and cough medications including syrup, tablets, and lozenges
DXMLoss of Muscle ControlRashFever and SweatingHigh Blood PressureLoss of ConsciousnessBrain DamageStrokeDeath
DiarrheaAbdominal PainNausea and Vomiting NumbnessComaCerebral HemorrhagesSeizuresMania
MDPV “Bath Salts”
A new, highly addictive designer drug labeled “Bath Salts” ◦ contains Mephedrone and MDPV
(Methylenedioxypyrovalerone)
“Bath Salts” are so addicting that users crave the drug even after experiencing a trip to the Emergency Room
“Bath Salts”
“Bath Salts” are known to produce side effects similar to Meth and Cocaine such as:◦ elevated heart rate◦ Hypertension◦ Irritability◦ extreme paranoia◦ delusions of super-human strength and
invincibility◦ Hallucinations◦ Suicide◦ aggressive and violent behavior◦ possibly even murder.
Consequences
The effects of “Bath Salts” may be permanent
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