do herbivores prefer local or exotic foods?
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Do herbivores prefer local or exotic foods?
Marcia Angle and
Liz Schultheis
Purple loosetrifehttp://www.nwcb.wa.gov
Garlic mustardhttp://www.ppdl.org
Asiatic bittersweethttp://www.eastquabbinbirdclub.com
Zebra musselhttp://www.missourimuskies.org
Case Study: Zebra Mussels
What makes a species invasive?• Define: – Native species– Exotic species– Invasive species
• What traits of species could promote invasion?
• What about a community could make it more easily invaded?
http://www.news.cornell.edu/
Enemy Release
Experimental Design• Sampling techniques– Randomization– Consistent between
species and groups• Things to measure– Herbivory– Growth
Q. alba
Q. robur
Q. rubra
Quercus
Label Bags for the Field
• Oak Name• Leaf characteristics– Small/large– Rounded edges/pointy edges
Go into the field!
Types of herbivore damage
1 2 3 4
Types of herbivore damage
1 2 3 4a. Leaf minerb. Gallc. Leaf removed
Graph results• Average the data for your group and submit
results to the main computer• Graph average from your own group and
record the graphs for the class average
Q. alba Q. robur Q. rubra
•Give charts title•Label axes
Group Results of Herbivore Damage
Q. alba Q. robur Q. rubra0
5
10
15
20
25
30
# leaf miners# galls% leaf removedherbivore diversitydiameter
Process tool
Final Questions• Based on our data, which species do you think
is the exotic species, and which ones are native?
Final Questions• Based on our data, which species do you think
is the exotic species, and which ones are native?
English oak
White oak
Red oak
Think like a land manager:• Based on the results from this study, would
you recommend that people be allowed to plant the exotic oak species in their yards?
• What do you think would happen to the population of the exotic and native oaks over time?
• What would happen to the population of herbivores over time?
Conclusions• How could you expand the results of this
study? What are future questions?– Bioenergy plots
• Break into groups to discuss how this lesson could be modified for elementary, middle school, and high school science classes?
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