dna fingerprinting 1.how do we do it ? 2. what do we use it for?

DNA Fingerprinting

1. How do we do it ?

2. What do we use it for?

DNA Fingerprinting – How it’s done...

1. DNA has two complementary strands

2. Extract DNA from cells – e.g. A blood sample containing white blood

cells

3. Isolate DNA from cells & cut up DNA using enzymes

4. Heat DNA = single strands

5. Gene probe made = single strand complementary to part of DNA

A fluorescent marker is added to it

6. Gene probe mixed with DNA sample

Probe binds to complementary base sequence that is being looked for

7. DNA & probe is separated using gel electrophoresis

Smaller fragments travel further through the gel

50 second animation – gel electrophoresishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c

8. UV Light shone on sample – locates fragments with fluorescent marker

Smaller fragments travel further through the gel

Uses of DNA Fingerprinting

Uses of DNA Fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting

Naked Science video 5 minshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxWXCT9wVoI

Slightly more involved video 6 minshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=DbR9xMXuK7c

Nanotechnology

1. How small is a nanometre?

2. Size-wise....What could you compare it to?

1 millionth of a mm!

1. Use particles around 100 nanometres long/wide. About the same size as some molecules.

2. Human hair is 100 thousand nanometres in diameter!

Nanotechnology

1. Silver particles embedded in plastic reduce microbial growth

2. Food wrapping films that change colour e.g. when;

Antibodies react with bacteria in food

Nanoparticles react with oxygen – sign of damage

Ripening fruit release gases

Nanotechnology

1. Used to treat leukaemia – cancer of blood or bone marrow

2. Have potential to treat spinal cord injuries

3. In future, may be used to treat Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes.

Stem Cells (B1 & B5)

1. Replace heart valves

Biomedical Engineering

BUPA animation – 3 minshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkW1smPoXKA

1. Artificial pacemakers in heart

Biomedical Engineering

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjW5-pU0nBs