distribution efficiency initiative: calculator review april 29, 2008 regional technical forum
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Distribution Efficiency Initiative:Calculator Review
April 29, 2008Regional Technical Forum
Overview
• Calculator Input & Output Review• DEI Measure Life• Develop 3 New Load Shapes– I2R Losses– Transformer No-Load Losses– Delivered Energy Reduction Savings
Where the Savings are Expected to Come From
Source: NEEA DEI Project Final Report by RW Beck page B-23
Calculator Overview
Calculator Inputs• Pre & Post Conditions
– Load Types (heating system types, etc.)
– Line Info (length, type, etc.)– Regulator Info– Load Info (kW, PF, Annual
Energy etc.)– Equipment (Capacitors,
Transformers)• Costs
– Materials– Labor
Calculator Outputs• Savings
– I2R Losses• Balanced losses• Unbalanced losses
– Transformer No-load Losses– Delivered Energy Reduction
• Economics– Utility B/C and Payback
Calculator Primary Issues
• Calculator Does Not Output– Substation Power Transformer Losses
• Approx. 33% of the savings
– Secondary Line Losses• Approx. 3% of the savings
– I2R Loss Calculation may need revision• Does not output negative savings when voltage reduction is the only
measure
• TRC Analysis Added to Calculator– O&M Costs Input– TRC Analysis Output
What’s the Measure Life15 years for all?
Savings Mechanism• Voltage Regulation
– LDC using LTC or Voltage Regulator• Substation Bus (control setting)• Each Feeder (control setting)
– End of Line feedback• Substation Bus (device, override?)• Each Feeder (device, override?)
• Equipment Upgrades– Capacitor Banks (device, 10 year life?)– Transformers (device)
• Phase Balancing (maintenance?)• Line Voltage Regulators (device)• Reconductoring
• Current assumption is 15 years.
• Some components last about 10 years (capacitor banks)
• Much of the savings rely on maintaining improved control practices over time, rather than installing more efficient equipment.
• Calculator does not allow for varying measure life by component.
Reminder:
• Load Research– Home Voltage
Regulators on 395 homes
• Pilot Demonstration– Various DEI measures on
10 substations (31 feeders)
DEI Study had two monitoring components
∆kW from Load Research
(NORTHWEST ENERGY EFFICIENCY ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY INITIATIVE PROJECT FINAL REPORT by RW Beck)
Delivered Energy Savings Shape
Result:
Load Factor: 0.68Coincident Factor: 0.39
∆V from Load Research
I2R Loss Load Shape∆I2Rproxy =(kWpre/Vpre) 2 – (kWpost/Vpost) 2
Result (negative savings):
Load Factor: 0.29Coincident Factor: 0.15
Transformer No-load Loss Savings Shape = FLAT (LF 1.00, CF 0.68)
∆V From Pilot Project:
Pro Cost => Regional NPV(Based on 15 year measure life)
Savings Mechanism Total Value to Region
I2R Losses $0.64/kWh
Transformer No-load $0.55/kWh
Delivered Energy Reduction $0.57/kWh
Issues with these Load Shapes• Averaged seasonal shapes
– Do not take weekend/weekday into account– Peaks are hidden in the averaging
• ∆V will be less during peak loading conditions
• Delivered Energy Savings Shape– Delta kW from HVR’s is different than delta kW from a change in LTC settings at the
bus/feeder– Heating/Cooling system type is averaged for the region
• I2R loss savings shape is complex– This load shape is based solely on a system voltage reduction– Savings could also come from:
• Phase balancing (shape?)• PF correction (shape?)
• Transformer No-Load Loss Savings Shape– Need Pilot Demonstration data to determine how different it is from flat
Questions for RTF
• What is needed for approval of the calculator?– Add output for substation power transformer? Secondary line losses?– I2R revision?– Should there be any additional requirements for users (Training or
Oversight)?
• What should the measure life(s) be?• Is load shape analysis on the right track?
– Pursue 8760 data (Pilot Demonstration and Load Research) for better load shape analysis?• Delivered Energy Savings Shape will be based on Load Research 8760 data (∆kW)
– Depending on results, may have multiple load shapes for different mixes of heating system types
• I2R Energy Savings Shape will be based on???• Transformer No-Load Loss Saving Shape will be based on Pilot Demo 8760 data (∆V)
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