diseases of heart

Diseases of

Heart

Pathology-B LabRavi A Patel

Normal Cardiac cells• Normal Interstitial space

• Normal centrally located nucleusLPOHPO

M++TB-Pericardium

Myocardial Infarction-MI

Brown Atrophy

TB-Pericardium• 1st of all we look for Granuloma, which is a classical hallmark

of TB in any organ of the body..

• Clinical presentation- Pericardial effusion– With nonspecific systemic symptoms like night sweats,Fever,fatigue

& weight loss

– Chest pain,cough and breathlessness are common

• Diagnosis- Echocardiography, pericardiocentesis

• Very common in African(sub saharan) with patients having HIV

Granuloma

LPO LPO

LPO

LPO

LPO

HPOHPO

HPO

Giant Cell within the Granuloma

HPO

HPO

LPO

LPO

LPO

Granuloma with Giant cells and inflammatory reaction

LPO

LPO

Granuloma and Giant cell

LPO

HPO

LPO

LPO

Myocardial Infarction-MI• Death of Cardiac muscle resulting from Ischemia.

• Coagulation Necrosis

• Wider than normal(edema) Interstitium

• Inflammatory cells (Neutrophils)

• Extravasation of RBC

• Karyorrhexis, Karyolysis occurs

• Clinical Manifestation:- Rapid weak pulse & often profuse sweating, Angina(chest pain) because of Necrosis

• Complication:- Contractile dysfuntion,Arrythmias,Myocardial rupture.

Wide Interstitium

LPO

LPO

LPO

LPO

Coagulation necrosis

LPO

Coagulation necrosis

LPO

LPO

LPO

Coagulation necrosis

LPO

Coagulation necrosis

LPO

LPO

Coagulation necrosis

HPOKaryorrhexis & Karyolysis

HPOKaryorrhexis & Karyolysis

HPOKaryorrhexis & Karyolysis

HPO

Karyorrhexis & Karyolysis

HPOInflammatory reactionWith numerous Neutrophils

HPO

NeutrophilsNeutrophils

HPO

Brown Atrophy

• Accumulation of Ageing/wear & tear pigment- lipofuscin near the nucleus.

• It appears to be the product of lipid peroxidation which signifies Membrane damage to mitochondria & lysosomes.

• Reduction in size of muscle cells

• Interstitium becomes wider due to reduction in size of muscle cells

LPO

•Wide Interstitium•Intact nucleus•Reduction in Muscle size

LPO

HPO

•Wide Interstitium•Intact nucleus•Reduction in Muscle size

HPO•Wide Interstitium•Intact nucleus•Reduction in Muscle size

HPO

HPO

MI Brown Atrophy

HPO

MI Brown Atrophy

HPO

MI Brown Atrophy

HPO

• Normal Heart

– Weight :- Male 300-350 gms Female-250-300 gms

– Usual thickness of the wall

» Right Ventricle—0.3-0.5 cm

» Left Ventricle– 1.3-1.5 cm

• Left ventricular hypertrophy

• Cause-Hypertension

Hypertensive Heart-Gross specimen

Thanking to the entire Universe