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Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
Presented at:
Workshop “Solar Photovoltaic in Indonesia”
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES, REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Berlin, 7 March 2012
SOLAR ENERGY IN INDONESIA
Potentials, Plannings and Framework Conditions
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
CONDITION OF ENERGY 2011
National Energy
Mix Total in 2011
1066 million BOE
Elasticity of Energy = 1.60
Share of Non Fossil Energy < 5%
1. Public access to energy (modern) is still limited:
a. Electrification ratio in 2010 was 67.15% (32,85% of
households not yet electrified);
b. Development of energy infrastructure (rural / remote
areas and outer islands generally do not get access
to energy);
2. Growth in energy consumption an average of 7% per year,
yet balanced with enough energy supply;
3. Dependence on fossil energy is still high (95.4%), reserves
are more limited;
4. Utilization of renewable energy and implementation of
Energy Conservation is not optimal;
5. Linkage to environmental issues:
a. Mitigation of climate change;
b. Carbon trading;
c. National commitment to reducing emissions 26% by
2020;
6. Funding for the development of energy sector is still very
limited.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
NO NON FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES
(R)
INSTALLED
CAPACITY (IC)
RATIO IC/R (%)
1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3
1 Hydro 75,670 MW 5,771 MW 7.62
2 Geothermal 28,543 MW 1,228 MW 4.30
3 Mini/Micro Hydro 769.69 MW 217.89 MW 28.31
4 Biomass 49,810 MW 1,618.40 MW 3.25
5 Solar Energy 4.80 kWh/m2/day 20 MW -
6 Wind Energy 3 – 6 m/s 1.87 MW -
7 Uranium 3.000 MW
(e.q. 24,112 ton) for 11 years*) 30 MW 1.00
*) only in Kalan – West Kalimantan
ENERGY RESERVES AND PRODUCTION
NO FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES
(R)
RESERVES
(Rv)
RATIO R/Rv
(%)
PRODUCTION
(PROD)
RATIO Rv/PROD (YEAR)*)
1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3 6 7 = 4/6
1 Oil (billion barrel) 56.6 7.99 **) 14 0.346 23
2 Gas (TSCF) 334.5 159.64 51 2.9 55
3 Coal (billion ton) 104.8 20.98 18 0.254 83
4 Coal Bed Methane/CBM (TSCF) 453 - - - -
*) assumed no new reserves are found
**) include Cepu blocks
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
Forestry 14%
Energy 6%
Waste 6%
Through the
development of new
renewable energy and
implementing energy
conservation by all
sectors
President Commitment on
G-20 Pittsburgh and COP15
To reduce te GHG Emission in 2020
26% 41% Own
efforts
Own efforts and
international
support
COMMITMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
Coal,
30.7%
Natural Gas,
21.0%
Oil, 43.9%
NRE, 4.4%
ENERGY POLICY DIRECTION
NRE
Natural Gas
Coal
Oil
21 %
30.7 %
43.9%
4.4 %
NRE
Natural Gas
Coal
Oil
2010* 2015 2020
2025
ENERGY
CONSERVATION
(33.85%)
EN
ER
GY
DIV
ER
SIF
ICA
TIO
N
BAU**
Source: *Estimation 2010, DEN 2010-2025, **BAU EBTKE
PERPRES 5/2006 VISION 25/25
25 %
22 %
30 %
23 %
41.7%
20.6%
34.6%
3.1%
4,300 million
BOE
2,852 million
BOE
1,131.3
million BOE
Oil 42%
Coal 34%
Gas 21%
NRE 3%
Oil 20%
Coal 33%
Gas 30%
NRE 17%
Oil 30%
Coal 22%
Gas 23%
NRE 25%
3,200 million
BOE
20%
30%
33%
17%
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
MAIN POLICIES
1. Energy Conservation to improve efficiency in energy utilization
from up-stream up to down-stream (Demand Side) i.e. industrial,
transportation, household and commercial sector
2. Energy Diversification to increase new renewable energy share
in national energy mix (Supply Side). i.e.
New Energy
a. Liquefied Coal,
b. Coal Bed Methane,
c. Gasified Coal,
d. Nuclear,
e. Hydrogen.
Renewable Energy
a. Geothermal
b. Bioenergy
c. Hydro
d. Solar
e. Wind
f. Ocean
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
AGENDA ON NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY
AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MAIN AGENDA
1. Harmonizing regulations
2. Updating Master Plans on Energy Diversification and Energy Conservation
3. Improvement of efficiency on energy utilization
4. Development of geothermal
5. Development of bioenergy
6. Development of other new renewable energy
7. Development and implementation of clean energy technology
8. Increasing local content and supporting industry
9. Increasing people participation on Energy Self-Sufficient Village
10. Increasing people participation on low carbon city
SUPPORTING AGENDA
1. Enhancing research and development
2. Enhancing training and education
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
STRATEGY IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY SIDE :
• applying the mandatory provision of New and Renewable Energy
• increasing the use of New and Renewable Energy
• use of cleaner fuels (fuel switching) in providing energy
STRATEGY IN THE SIDE OF ENERGY UTILIZATION (DEMAND SIDE) :
• applying the energy utilization efficiency commitment
• use of cleaner fuels (fuel switching) in energy utilization
• applying the principles of energy saving
• use of clean and efficient energy technologies
• develop the attitude of life-saving energy
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
9
Regulation
Description
1. Law No. 30/2007 on
Energy
Provision and utilization of new & renewable energy
should be increased by the government and local
government in accordance to their authorities.
Provision and utilization of new renewable energy can get
incentives from government/local government for certain
period until it reaches economical development stage.
2. Law No. 30/2009 on
Electricity
Putting priority to utilize locally available energy
resources for electricity generation
Process of procurement is implemented through direct
selection (without tender)
3. Law No. 27/2003 on
Geothermal
To regulate the management and development of
geothermal energy sources for direct and indirect
utilization
NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY TO ENHANCE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
10
Regulation
Description
4. Minister of Energy
Regulation No.
02/2011 on Electricity
Purchasing Price from
Geothermal
Feed in Tariff (FIT) for the purchasing price of electricity
generated from Geothermal
5. Minister of Energy
Regulation No. 4/2012
on Small and Medium
Scale Power
Generation using
Renewable Energy
FIT for the price of electricity generated from
Renewable Energy
FIT for the price of electricity generated from Biomass
and Biogas
FIT for the price of electricity generated from Domestic
Waste using zero waste technology
FIT for the price of electricity generated from Domestic
Waste using sanitary landfill technology
6. Minister of Finance
Regulation No.
24/PMK.011/ 2010 on
Renewable Energy
Incentives
Tax facility for renewable energy in the form of Income
Tax, VAT, Import Duty and Tax Holiday, Tax
Exemption etc.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
PROJECTION OF ENERGY SUPPLY
Types of Energy 2010 2015 2020 2025
Biomass Biofuel 3.1% 3.7% 3.6% 6.7%
Biomass from Waste [Electric] - 0.5% 1.0% 2.4%
Geothermal 0.5% 1.3% 1.8% 2.2%
Hydro 1.9% 2.8% 5.2% 5.3%
Ocean Energy - - 0.2% 0.3%
Solar Energy - 0.2% 1.0% 2.0%
Wind Energy - 0.1% 0.3% 0.4%
CBM - 0.5% 2.4% 5.8%
Sub total New and Renewable Energy 25%
Oil 49.7% 38.6% 29.3% 23.7%
Gas 20.1% 19.5% 19.0% 19.7%
Coal 24.7% 32.8% 36.2% 31.6%
Sub total Fossil 75%
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
• The Indonesian history of solar energy utilization with the
photovoltaic technology has been introduced and developed
since the end of 1970’s, especially to meet the electricity
demand in rural or remote area
• Urban PV program has been launched by Minister of Energy and
Mineral Resources on 28th August 2003 and attended by
Minister of Environment and Minister of Research and
Technology
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY
IN INDONESIA
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
1. Rural PV: increasing rural community accessibility to electricity;
targeting electricity demand in remote area, small island, by
Solar Home System and Centralized PV System (off grid)
2. Urban PV: targeting middle and high class household, real
estate, office and commercial buildings, hotel and resort,
industry and others for own used (off grid and on grid)
3. On grid PV: offering opportunity to Independent Power Producer
to developt Solar Power Plant and selling to the Electricity State
Own Company
PROGRAM
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
1. To increase community accessibility to electricity, and is
directed to accelerate the rural electrification ratio in order to
achieve the ratio of 95% in 2025
2. As a prime mover in rural community economic development in
a sustainable path
RURAL PV OBJECTIVES AND SCHEMES
1. Communal PV system (Solar Home System) for a scattered
household location
2. Centralized PV system, targeted to a more dense location
Objectives:
Schemes:
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
1. To help the user/consumer to provide electricity on their own
and to decrease the dependency of electricity supply from PLN
(The Electricity State Owned Company), especially during the
peak load
2. To introduce the utilization of renewable alternative energy,
which is clean and environmental-friendly
URBAN PV OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS
Objectives:
1. Off-grid: disconnected from PLN grid
2. On-grid: connected to the PLN grid
Options:
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
1. To provide oportunity to the private company for producing
electricity and selling to PLN (The Electricity State Owned
Company)
2. To accelarate the development of renewable energy, reducing
the utilization of fossil energy
INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCER
OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS
Objectives:
1. On-grid: connected to local grid (isolated small island)
2. On-grid: connected to the national grid (inter islands)
Options:
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
SOLAR PV DEVELOPMENT
Schemes
YEAR
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Solar Home
System (SHS)
2,390 units
(119.5 kWp)
32,555 units
(1,555 kWp)
40,598 units
(2,029 kWp)
37,270 units
(1,864 kWp)
77,433 units
(3,871 kWp)
Centralized PV
System
6 units
(21.8 kWp)
5 units
(102 kWp)
12 units
(240 kWp)
*) Implemented by MEMR
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
PROJECTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION According to National Energy Policy
Presidential Decree No. 5/2006
Million BOE
Total Energy 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050
1,178.19 1,593.15 2,148,90 2,815,80 3,556.80 5,483,40 7,261.80
Biomass (Biofuel) 37.05 74.10 111.15 222.30 296.40 518.70 703.95
Biomass (Electricity) - 7.41 22.23 66.69 148.20 296.40 407.55
Geothermal 22.23 66.69 111.15 222.30 296.40 481.65 629.85
Hydro 7.41 14.82 37.05 81.51 111.15 148.20 177.84
Ocean Energy - - 3.71 7.41 10.37 22.23 37.05
Solar Energy - 3.71 14.82 29.64 44.46 103.74 133.38
Other Renewable Energy - 1.48 7.41 11.12 14.82 29.64 37.05
Oil 585.39 615.03 629.85 666.90 689.13 926.25 1.200.42
Gas 237.12 311.22 407.55 555.75 666.90 889.20 1.037.40
Coal 288.99 496.47 792.87 866.97 1.104.09 1.645.02 2.156.31
New Energy (nuclear, CBM, etc) - - 14.82 88.92 177.84 444.60 741.00
Subtotal Biomass 37.05 81.51 133.38 288.99 444.60 815.10 1.111.50
Subtotal RE Non Biomass 29.64 88.92 177.84 355.68 474.24 785.46 1.015.17
Subtotal RE 66.69 170.43 311.22 644.67 918.84 1.600.56 2.126.67
Total RE & NE 66.69 170.43 326.04 733.59 1.096.68 2.045.16 2.867.67
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011 19
No Development 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050
1
Development according to
National Energy Policy
(cummulative install capacity in MW)
5.000 21.000 41.000 62.000 145.000 186.000
2 Install Capacity (MW) 20
3 Development Plan (MW) 5.000 ? ? ? ? ?
ROAD MAP OF SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 2015– 2050
Total Energy 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Development Plan
(cummulative install capacity in MW) 20 30 200 2.000 5.000
ROAD MAP OF SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 2011– 2015
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
• The potential of solar energy in Indonesia is abundant although until
now the potential has not been widely utilized.
• Indonesian government has designated the development of solar
energy to fulfill energy needs for areas in Eastern part of Indonesia.
• The potential of Indonesia’s solar energy areas in Eastern Part of
Indonesia have not yet been mapped, therefore, Investors wishing to
participate in developing solar energy in Indonesia can help provide
the study of areas suitable for development of solar energy.
• The study can help Indonesian government in formulating the policy
and implementing the programs as well as attracting investors in the
future green energy projects.
CONCLUSIONS
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
© DGNREE MEMR - 2011
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
www.energiterbarukan.net
www.esdm.go.id
Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Kav. 49 Jakarta 12950
Phone/Fax : 021-5250575
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