direct and reported speech

I will give you the stars, the moon and the sun in the sky.

I will give you the stars, the moon and the sun in the sky.

I promise to love you forever.

I promise to love you forever.

Direct and Reported SpeechPrepared by Ms. Eunice V. Rivera

Browse over the following news then look for sentences with structures similar to the

sentences just given:

Barbie and Ken Breakup

(http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,111234,00.html)

Barbie and Ken Breakup

(http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,111234,00.html)

Barbie and Ken Breakup

(http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,111234,00.html)

Direct SpeechKen Sunshine said, "This is an

announcement we thought we’d never make."

Direct speech (DS) gives the exact words of a speaker. These words are enclosed in quotation marks. The first word in a direct speech begins with a capital letter.

The statement read, "Barbie and I decided to spend some time apart."

Parts of a Direct Speech

Introductory part or explanatory part (IP) consists of the speaker and introductory verb and is set off by a comma.

"This is an announcement we thought we’d never make."

Ken Sunshine said,

Quoted part (QP) contains the exact words of the speaker and is enclosed by quotation marks.

Indirect Speech

Indirect speech or reported speech (IS) gives the same idea as that of the exact words and includes the explanatory part but with the necessary changes in the pronoun and verb tense. It does not make use of quotation marks.

Ken Sunshine said that this was an announcement they thought

they’d never make.The statement read that Barbie and he had decided to spend some time apart.

Rules in changing direct speech to indirect speech

• For declarative statements:

Ken says, “I am confident we will always stay friends.”

Ken says that he is confident they will always stay friends.

Use that to introduce the words of the speaker after the introductory verb.

When the verb in the introductory part is in the present tense, the verb in the indirect

speech should also be in the present. Arons "The tolls of Hollywood romancesays,

are well known."

Aronssays that the tolls of Hollywood romance

well known.are

The verb in the quoted part retains its tense.

When the verb in the introductory part of the direct speech is in the past tense, the

following changes occur:

a. verbs in the present tense are changed to past tense.

Jensensaid

, “Ken is obviously

thrilled

thrilled with Barbie’s success.

Jensen that said Ken was obviously

with Barbie’s success.

b. verbs in the present perfect are changed to past perfect

Kensaid

,

“Bar

bie has gotten

a new look.”

KensaidthatBarbie had gottena new

look.

c. verbs in the past tense are changed to past perfect tense

Ken said, “Barbie and I decided to spend some time apart.”Ken said that Barbie and he had decided to spend some time apart.

d. verbs in the present perfect tense are changed to past perfect tense

Arons said, “The flame of love has gone out.”

Arons said that the flame of love had gone out.

d. verbs in the present perfect tense are changed to past perfect tense

Arons said, “Parents may have to explain divorce to kids.”

Arons said that parents might have to explain divorce to kids.

When the quoted part expresses general truth, proverb or saying, or facts, the same

present form is used in the indirect speech.

Mattel informed the public, “Barbie's full name is Barbie Millicent Roberts.”

Mattel informed the public that Barbie's full name is Barbie Millicent Roberts.

Adverbs of time, place and manner undergo the following changes when repeated at another

time and place in indirect speech.

• today --- that day

• yesterday ---- the day before

• tomorrow ---- the next day

• day before yesterday ---- two days before

• day after tomorrow --- in two days

TIME

• tonight ---- that night• last night ---- the night before• last week ---- week before • next week --- the following week • this Sunday -- that Sunday• now ---- then/that time

TIME

PLACE• here ---- there

MANNER

• in this way ---- in a certain way

The pronouns in the quoted part are replaced accordingly

• I ------ you/he/she

• me --- you/him/her

• my ---- his/hers

• we ----- they

• us ------ them

• our ----- their • ours ---- theirs • your/s -- theirs • you ------

I/me/us/they/them

Provide the verbs in the independent clause and dependent clause.

1. Nancy says, “Violence on TV disturbs me.”

Nancy ______ that violence on TV ______ her.

2. Jess said, “Gigi’s report is similar to mine.”

Jess _____ that Gigi’s report _____ similar to his.

4. My father boasts, “Everyone in the streets greets me.”

Melchor ______ that he ______ a story.

3. Melchor says, “I am writing a story.”

My father ______ that everyone in the streets ______ him.

5. My grandfather said, “Honesty is the best policy.”

My grandfather said that honesty is the best policy.

ANSWER KEY: Provide the verbs in the independent clause and dependent clause.

1. Nancy says, “Violence on TV disturbs me.”

Nancy says that violence on TV disturbs her.

2. Jess said, “Gigi’s report is similar to mine.”

Jess said that Gigi’s report was similar to his.

4. My father boasts, “Everyone in the streets greets me.”

Melchor says that he was writing a story.

3. Melchor says, “I am writing a story.”

My father boasts that everyone in the streets greets him.

5. My grandfather said, “Honesty is the best policy.”says, “I am writing a story.”

My grandfather said that honesty is the best policy.

Transform the following sentences with direct quotation to reported speech.

1. My mother said, “I shall talk with your cousin about this.”

2. Galileo announced, “The world is round.”

3. She said, “I went to Tokyo last week.”

4. The waiter said, “Today’s special menu is fillet o’ fish.”

5. The employee said, “I have been working here for two years.”

3. She said, “I went to Tokyo last week.”

She said that she went to Tokyo the week before.

5. The employee said, “I have been working here for two years.”

The employee said that he had been working there for two years.

4. The waiter said, “Today’s special menu is fillet o’ fish.”

The waiter said that yesterday’s special menu was fillet o’ fish.

ANSWER KEY: Transform the following sentences with direct quotation to reported

speech.

1. My mother said, “I shall talk with your cousin about this.”

My mother said that she should talk with my cousin about this.

2. Galileo announced, “The world is round.”

Galileo announced that the world is round.

Evaluation

Part I

Watch the short movie clip that will be shown by the teacher. Answer the questions that the teacher will ask using direct or indirect speech.

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Znn8XSp98E)

Part II. Form five groups. Each group is given a task. The groups are given 7 minutes to prepare

and practice for presentation.

Group 1. Make a comic strip out of pictures or drawings. Draw speech balloons and write the speeches using Adobe Photoshop, Photo Story 3 and/or Windows Movie Maker. Then rewrite the speeches using indirect speech as a caption for the pictures.

Group 2. Make a Digital Photo Story out of the news report “Barbie and Ken Breakup.” You may use pictures of Barbie and Ken that you can gather from the Internet. Use Photo Story 3 to tie up the story together. Use direct and indirect speech when writing the story. You may also use the voice features of the Photo Story 3 software to narrate the story you have created.

Group 3. Do an ambush interview of Ken and Barbie. Make some marquee or captions (if possible moving captions) in the news report. Use Windows Movie Maker or other similar programs to enhance your news report.

Group 4. Write a script about the love story of Barbie and Ken and how it ended into a breakup. Use MS Word in typing the story. Then dramatize the story you have created. Use Windows Movie Maker or other similar programs to enhance your video.

Group 5. Compose a song about the love story of Barbie and Ken. The song should have the point of views of both Barbie and Ken, similar to a “He Said / She Said” kind of story. (You may want to listen to “Don’t Cry Joni” for inspiration.) Make a music video using Window Movie Maker or record your voice using other similar software.

Assignment

A. Answer the 10-item test in www.classmarker.com.

B. Write three WH questions and three Yes-No questions in your notebook.

THE END