digital learning resources

Digital Learning ResourcesHans Põldoja

cbaThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.

http://www.slideshare.net/hanspoldoja

What makes a good digital learning resource?

Generations of digital learning content

Educational CD-ROMs

Educational CD-ROMs

• Content integrated with the environment

• Difficult to update and reuse

• Requires specific operating system

Learning objects

Text

Image

Movie

Sound

Table

Question

Learning object

Learning object Course

Learning objects

Learning object

Repositories and metadata

http://www.merlot.org

http://www.thegateway.org

http://www.scientix.eu

Metadata

http://www.curriki.org

(Hermann, 2002)

Types of repositories

• Repository — metadata + resources

• Referatory — metadata + links to resources

Learning resource authoring tools

http://lemill.net

http://exelearning.org

http://www.myudutu.com

http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xerte/toolkits.htm

http://challenge.zoho.com

http://www.apple.com/ibooks-author/

http://wordpress.com

Learning resources and copyright

What is protected by copyright?

• Literary works

• Musical works, including any accompanying words

• Dramatic works, including any accompanying music

• Pantomimes and choreographic works

• Pictorial, graphic and sculptural works

• Motion pictures and other audiovisual works

• Sound recordings

• Architectural works

• Computer software

What is not under copyright?

• Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression (not written or recorded)

• Facts

• Ideas, principles and concepts

• Works for which copyright has expired

Duration of copyright

• Copyright protection starts from the time the work is created in a fixed form

• Copyright protection lasts authors’ lifetime and 70 years after death

Economic rights

• Reproduction

• Distribution

• Rental

• Broadcasting

• Public performance

• ...

• Attribution

• Anonymous or pseudonymous publishing

• Integrity of the work

• Withdrawal

• ...

Moral rights

Limitations

EU Copyright Directive lists a number of limitations that can be applied by the member states, including:

• Reproductions by public libraries, educational institutions or archives for non-commercial use;

• Use for illustration for teaching or scientific research, to the extent justified by the non-commercial purpose;

• Communication of works to the public within the premises of public libraries, educational institutions, museums or archives

(Directive 2001/29/EC)

Problems in the context of digital learning resources

• What extent of educational reuse is justified by the non-commercial purpose?

• Translation and modification of the work requires agreement from the author

Open content licences

http://creativecommons.org

Creative Commons licenses

• Attribution (CC BY)

• Attribution-Share Alike (CC BY-SA)

• Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND)

• Attribution-Noncommercial (CC BY-NC)

• Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA)

• Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)

License conditions

bAttribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor

aShare Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one

nNoncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes

dNo Derivative Works — You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work

Rights

sShare — to copy, distribute and transmit the work

r Remix — to adapt the work

Three “Layers” of licenses

(Creative Commons, 2012)

How to recognize CC licensed works?

Marking licenses

• If no license information is included with the work, then users must assume that all rights are reserved

• Title of the license, icon and link are added to openly licensed content

Creative Commons icons

Open content

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://commons.wikimedia.org

http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons

What are OER’s?

Open Educational Resources (OER) are digital materials that can be re-used for teaching, learning, research and more, made available free through open licenses, which allow uses of the materials that would not be easily permitted under copyright alone.

(Wikipedia, 2012)

http://ocw.mit.edu

http://www.ocwconsortium.org

http://www.curriki.org

http://www.khanacademy.org

http://cnx.org

http://wikieducator.org

http://en.wikibooks.org

http://en.wikiversity.org

http://lemill.net

http://www.oercommons.org

http://lreforschools.eun.org

From open content to open education

http://p2pu.org

http://www.openbadges.org

References

• Hermann, T. (2002). Overview of LOM Draft 6.4. http://www.sreb.org/programs/EdTech/SCORE/SCORE_Users_Guide.pdf

• Directive 2001/29/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001L0029:EN:HTML

• Wikipedia (2012). Open educational resources. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources

Photos

• Johan Larsson, http://www.flickr.com/photos/johanl/6966883093/

• http://www.flickr.com/photos/srgblog/728719997/

• Alan Chia, http://www.flickr.com/photos/seven13avenue/2080281038/

• Pietro Zanarini, http://www.flickr.com/photos/zipckr/3925513417/

• Glenn Fleishman, http://www.flickr.com/photos/glennf/4309829213/

• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SmartBoard.JPG

• Laineys Repertoire, http://www.flickr.com/photos/76283671@N00/142605716/

• Hamed Saber, http://www.flickr.com/photos/hamed/389212454/

• http://www.flickr.com/photos/epsos/5394616925/

Thank You!

• hans.poldoja@tlu.ee

• http://www.slideshare.net/hanspoldoja