diamonds chem
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By:
Muskaan Sachdeva
and Heba Ikram
Diamonds
may be a girls
best friend,
but new
diamonds
may be anengineers.
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Natural Diamonds New Diamond
How are they formed? Created when
carbon is subjected
to extreme heat and
pressure deep within
the Earth.
Created when glassy carbon is
compressed to above 400,000 times
normal atmospheric pressure. Glassy
carbon is basically a form of carbon
which combines the properties of glassand ceramics with those of graphite.
Pressure Can withstand 1
million times normal
atmospheric
pressure.
Can withstand 1.3 million times
normal atmospheric pressure.
Cost Per carat
approximately
$5,000 - $7,500
The cost will definitely be very high
because of the many advantages of the
new diamond. More people will want
to buy the new diamond therefore
costs will rise.
Form Crystals Amorphous Material
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CRYSTALSAMORPHOUS
MATERIAL
A crystalline solid has a regular
repeating pattern in the
structure, or in other words,there is long-range order.
ANALOGY:
Consider the pattern:
ABCABCABCABCABC
An amorphous solid does not
have long-range order. In other
words, there is no repeat unit.
ANALOGY:
Consider the pattern:
ABCBCABBCACBACBAC
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This is a good discovery.
Researchers: Super hard anvils forhigh pressure research.
Could lead to new classes of ultra dense and strong
materials. Industrialists: They can sell these new diamonds to
consumers at a high price since they are as strong asdiamonds and have a higher availability.
Girls: Diamonds are girls best friends.
Stores that sell diamonds will sell the new allotrope ofcarbon in a higher price so they will earn more money sincepeople would want harder diamonds. Harder diamonds willlast for a longer period of time because they wont breaktherefore, women and other diamond-lovers will benefit.
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Since the new diamond is an amorphousmaterial not a crystal, its structure lacksthe repeating atomic order of a diamond crystal. Thisquality could make the new material superior to
diamonds, if it proves to be equally hard in alldirections.
New Diamond can be used to make jewelleries, so itwill benefit the economy.
Diamonds have to be extracted first from Earthssurface. However, this new diamond can be made ina laboratory under high pressures. So, it can be easilyavailable.
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People who have natural diamonds wont be
seen as unique because their item has
dropped in price.
Costs of diamonds will rise
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By using knowledge from Chemistry, scientists were able to create a new allotrope ofCarbon which is capable of withstanding 1.3 million times normal atmospheric
pressure in one direction while confined under a pressure of 600,000 times
atmospheric levels in other directions.
Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted into a surface by the weight
of air above that surface in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet)
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure and is defined as being
equal to 101.325 kPa.
No substance other than diamond has been observed to withstand this type of
pressure stress, indicating that the new carbon allotrope must indeed be very
strong.
Previously, we mentioned Carbon and allotrope- Carbon is the fourth most abundant
element in the universe and takes on a wide variety of forms, called allotropes,
including diamond and graphite.
Scientists have now discovered a new form of carbon, which is capable of
withstanding extreme pressure stresses that were previously observed only in
diamond.
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Three Types of Diamonds: Natural Diamonds,Synthetic Diamonds and New Diamond Rock
Synthetic:
Synthetic industrial diamonds are produced theprocess of High Pressure High TemperatureSynthesis (HPHT). In HPHT synthesis, graphite anda metallic catalyst are placed in a hydraulic press
under high temperatures and pressures. Over theperiod of a few hours the graphite converts todiamond.
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UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY
BEHIND DIAMONDS
A neutral carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons inits nucleus, balanced by 6 electrons. The electron shellconfiguration of carbon is 1s22s22p2. Carbon has avalence of 4, since 4 electrons can be accepted to fill
the 2p orbital. Diamond is made up of repeating unitsof carbon atoms joined to four other carbon atoms viathe strongest chemical linkage, covalent bonds. Eachcarbon atom is in a rigid tetrahedral network where itis equidistant from its neighboring carbon atoms. The
structural unit of diamond consists of 8 atoms,fundamentally arranged in a cube. This network is verystable and rigid, which is why diamonds are so veryhard and have a high melting point.
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