developmental psychology

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGYR O M A N T I C L O V E & A T TA C H M E N T, P A R E N T I N G S T Y L E S , E G O C E N T R I S M , A N D C U L T U R A L D I V E R S I T Y A N D D E V E L O P M E N T

By Nicole Banting, Samaia Paler, Simran Asere

ROMANTIC LO

VE ♥

ROMANTIC LOVE AND ATTACHMENT

• The attachment of infants towards their parents may have an effect on their adult romantic relationships

• Remember that the correlation between infant attachment and romantic love style do NOT suggest causation

• Have trouble trusting others

• Avoid intimacy• Rarely report

finding “true love”

AVOIDANT INFANTS ADULTS

• Tend to be possessive

• Emotionally demanding towards their partners

• Fear their intense love will not be returned

ANXIOUS/AMBIVALENT INFANTS ADULTS

• Closer to others

• Find others more trustworthy

• Most desired partner

• Foster long-term relationships

SECURELY ATTACHED INFANTS ADULTS

PARENTI

NG STY

LES

4 DIFFERENT PARENTING STYLES

(BAUMRIND’S RESEARCH)1. Permissive-Neglectful (cw)

2. Permissive- Indulgent (cW)

3. Authoritarian (Cw)

4. Authoritative (CW)

PERMISSIVE-NEGLECTFUL“I don’t care about you—or what you do.”

• Low control, low warmth• Parents are not demanding and show

rejection

Results:o poor social skillso little self-control

“I care about you—and you are free to do whatever you want.”

PERMISSIVE-INDULGENT

• Low control, high warmth

• Parents do not discipline enough, yet are caring and connected with their child

Results:o immature

o disrespectfulo out of control

AUTHORITARIAN“I don’t care what you want. Just do it my

way, or else!”

• High control, low warmth

• Parents are strict but don’t care about their child

Results:o easily upseto moodyo aggressiveo fails to learn communications skills

AUTHORITATIVE“I really care about you, but there are rules

and you need to be responsible.”

• High control, high warmth

• Parents set firm limits on their child, and are emotionally supportive and caring at the same time

Results:o self-relianto contento self-controlledo goal oriented

o high achievingo friendlyo emotionally well adjustedo socially competent

3 MAJO

R ASPEC

TS T

HAT

AFFEC

T BAUM

RIND’S

RESEA

RCH

CHILD TEMPERAMENT

• Chosen styles depend on child’s temperament and reactions to parental efforts

Example:

The Authoritative style is chosen

for a child that is already mature

and competent

CHILD EXPECTATIONS

• Chosen styles depend on the child’s expectations of how their parent should behave

Example:Korean parents show strong control but they

are perceived as a sign of love

VS

Strong control in America would be perceived as rejection

PARENTAL WARMTH

• The degree of warmth parents feel VS the degree of rejection parents feel

Example:Neglectful parents correlate

with hostile, aggressive children

• The father’s role in child care used to be largely ignored

• Children do best with authoritative dads

• Fathers are just as responsive, nurturing, and competent as mothers

FATHER VS MOTHER PARENTING

EGOCENTRIC

THIN

KING

• Thinking only of yourself without considering the rights, needs, or point of view of others

Ex. Childhood egocentrism – a little boy unwilling to share his toys

Adolescent egocentrism – a teenager refuses to go to school because of the zit on her face

WHAT IS EGOCENTRIC THINKING?

STANDARDS IN EGOCENTRIC THINKING

1.Innate Egocentrism

2.Innate Sociocentrism

3.Innate Wish-fulfillment

4.Innate Self- Validation

5.Innate Selfishness

• Assuming personal beliefs are true without questioning the basis of those beliefs

INNATE EGOCENTRISM“It’s true because I believe it!”

• Assuming beliefs within groups are true without questioning it

INNATE SOCIOCENTRISM“It’s true because we believe it!”

• Believing whatever supports your beliefs and puts you in a positive light without considering the evidence

INNATE WISH-FULFILLMENT“Its true because I want to believe it!”

INNATE SELF-VALIDATION

• Desire to maintain long-held beliefs without examining if those beliefs are justified

“It’s true because I have always believed it!”

• Clinging to beliefs that give you personal advantages even if there is no evidence for those beliefs

INNATE SELFISHNESS“It’s true because it’s in my selfish interest to believe it!”

CULTURAL

PSYC

HOLOGY’

S FOUR

MAIN G

UIDELIN

ES FOR

DEVELOPM

ENT

• You can tell how most likely a child will develop by their culture

• Children who grow up in a more individualistic culture like North America will be more rebellious and competitive

• In a more collectivist culture like Africa they are more likely to be respectful and cooperative

1. CULTURE MAY BE THE MOST IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF

DEVELOPMENT

2. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CANNOT BE STUDIED OUTSIDE ITS SOCIOCULTURAL

CONTEXT

• Different places have different views on authoritative figures

• Researchers in child development believe that children should only be studied within their developmental niche

Developmental niche has three components: The physical/social contexts in the child’s life The culture and educational practices The psychological characteristics of parents

• Each culture has a set of ideas and beliefs (ethnotheories)

• Ex. Specific cultures have different beliefs on how a child should be trained

3. EACH CULTURE’S ETHNOTHEORIES ARE IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOUR

• Culture consists of ideals, values, and assumptions that guide specific behaviours

4. CULTURE IS LARGELY INVISIBLE TO ITS PARTICIPANTS