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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Development of a Decision Making assistant for Hydropower Project Potential Evaluation and
Optimization
Prof. Eng. Dr. Avellan
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Scope
Introduction
Hydropower Plant Modernization
RenovHydro
Conclusion
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
International Electricity MixMain Renewable Energy Source is Hydropower!
21‘505 TWhin 2013 66.7 % Coal 17.0 % Hydro 10.7 % Nuclear 5.7 % NRE
GDP is driving!
US Energy Inform. Administration www.eia.gov
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Pelton8%
Francis61%
Kaplan17%
Bulb2%
Pump-Turbine
12%
Hydro Turbines International Market
Breakdown by Types of Turbines
1’000 GW to be built before 2050Greenfield Projects
1’111 GW Installed Capacity in 2012Modernization Market
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Reasons for Rehabilitation:Increase of
Use of a Renewable Primary Energy Resource
Extend Power Plant Lifetime
Grid flexibility
Productivity
Reliability
Fleet management capability
Cost reduction
License Renewal !
1’111 GW Hydro Capacity Installed in2012 5
LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Independent model testing for hydropower repowering projects, 30 years of EPFL practices
42 Projects!
40'800 MW renewed Capacity !
17'100 MW Canada 11'320 MW USA
Complying IEC 60193 StandardsEfficiency Uncertainty <2 ‰
PF 1 PF 2 PF 3Max Head: 100 m 120 m 100 mMax Discharge: 1.4 m3/s 1.4 m3/s 1.4 m3/sGenerating Power: < 300 kW < 300 kW < 300 kWMax Speed: 1'500 rpm 2'500 rpm 2'500 rpmPumping Power: 900 kW 1000 kW 2 x 400 kW
EPFL Testing Facilities
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Reduced Scale Physical Model of Hydropower Plant Hydraulic Turbines or Pump-Turbines
Field Survey Reduced Scale Model Engineering
and Construction Base Line Tests New Design Assessment Operating Range Efficiency Cavitation p- fluctuations Runaway speed etc.
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Reduced Scale Physical Model
EPFL PF1 Test Rig
Ready for Tests 8
LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Base Line Hillchart 9
LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Unsteady Flow in Francis Draft Tube
Fundamental: Hydrodynamic instability, Cavitation, Fluid Structure Interactions, System Dynamics 10
Müller et al., Experiments in Fluids n° 54 : 1514, 2013.
Alligné et al., Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 51, 6, 2010.
Simon Pasche PhD Work, SNF GRANT N° 200021_149818
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Jet flow impinging Pelton Buckets
SPHEROS FVPM Flow Simulation
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Christian Vessaz et al., "Toward design optimization of a Pelton turbine runner", Journal of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, DOI 10.1007/s00158-016-1465-7, May 2016.Christian Vessaz et al., "Flow Simulation of Jet Deviation by Rotating Pelton Buckets Using Finite Volume Particle Method", Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 137(7), 2015.
LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Challenge of Hydraulic concessions renewals
What is the true potential of Swiss Hydropower Plants ? Multidisciplinary problem (hydraulic, mechanical,
electrical and civil) Large number of scenarios to screen Long term investments Appropriate merit analysis criteria for
most cost effective investments
Swiss Hydropower Background
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Project Key Goals True potential (quantitative) of hydropower considering: Concession ends Technology limits Environment conditions Costs
Develop a decision making assistant for hydropower project potential evaluation and optimization by considering: Electricity generation increase (Swiss Energy Strategy 2050) Flexibility (New renewable energy sources) Services to the grid (Ancillary services)Water Act Compliance
Complex decision-making process including economic, technical and environmental aspects
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Project Partners Academic partners:
EPFL-LMH: Coordination & Hydraulic Machines Engineering EPFL-DESL: Power Transmission Engineering EPFL-LCH: Hydraulic Structure Engineering
Industrial partners: Groupe E SA: Test case and Electricity FMV SA : Test case and Electricity market
Main Implementation partner: Power Vision Engineering Sàrl : SIMSEN RENOVHydro library
development Funding agencies:
KTI/CTI : SFOE : Swiss Energy Strategy 2050
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1 PhD student2 Post-doc2 Senior researchers
LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
SIMSEN Simulation Software
SIMSEN includes:
Hydraulic circuit Electric comp.Rotating inertiaControl system
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Modeling:HPP Digital Twin
LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Methodology
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
Project Outcomes Base line:
Gathering hydrology data Create the performance hillchart of the new
turbines Manually simulate and analyze all alternative
scenarios Arbitrary choice of the most cost effective
scenarios 200 days to process a simple test case
After RENOVHydro project: Automatic generation of the empirical
performance hillchart Automatic generation and stabilization of the
SIMSEN model Scenario assessment assistant module estimates
cost and performance of each case Simulate transient phenomena with electrical
power network 10 days to process a simple (or a complex) test
case
Time consuming approach Rigor in the analysis Skills in the field of Civil, Mechanical and
electrical Engineering Knowledge of specific computer software
Numerical model accuracy improved Decision-making process facilitated Wider range of scenarios investigated Best solutions do not depend of engineer
experience
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LMH Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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http://lmh.epfl.ch/
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