design and development of a hydro-turbine john connor elisia garcia som tantipitham faculty advisor:...
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Design and Development of a Hydro-Turbine
John ConnorElisia Garcia
Som Tantipitham
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Quamrul Mazumder
Senior Engineering
Design Project - 2008
Abstract The usage of fossil fuels is slowly being replaced by
cleaner and more renewable sources of energy. Since Michigan has varying amounts of sunlight, the use of solar energy would not be practical. With the Flint River located on the campus of the University of Michigan-Flint, hydroelectric energy may be a feasible alternative. Connecting a micro-turbine to a generator and using the natural current of the river can prospectively generate 200 to 300 watts of energy. Funneling the water into the turbine will increase the velocity of the current. With more velocity, more revolutions the turbine will experience. Then, with the goal of 200 to 300 watts desired, the turbine will be equipped with the appropriate number of blades, along with appropriate blade angle. This will ensure that not only the desired energy is produced, but that also that the system is as efficient as possible.
Project ScheduleTask Name January February March April 8-Jan 14-Jan 21-Jan 28-Jan 4-Feb 11-Feb 18-Feb 25-Feb 3-Mar 10-Mar 17-Mar 24-Mar 31-Mar 7-Apr 14-Apr 21-Apr
Project Propsals
Background Research
Technical Paper (Abstract/Intro)
Technical Paper (Background)
Technical Paper (Current Work)
Technical Paper (Design Analysis)
Technical Paper (Final Correlations)
Design Proposal
Design (Detail Spec Drawings Pro-E)
Design Data Computations
Design Software Analysis
Machining (Casing)
Machining (Turbine)
Machining (Supports)
Machining (Generator Assemby)
Machining (Final Assembly)
Testing (Initial)
Testing (Modifications)
Testing (Final)
Project Status Report/Demonstration
Final Presentation
Estimated Task Completion Actual Task Completion
Schedule Performance Index: 102.68%
ProgressSchedule Performance Index Project Proposals (21 days/21 days) * 100 = 100% Background Research (21 days/28 days) * 100 = 75% Tech nical Paper (Abstract/Intro) (14 days/14 days) * 100 = 100% Tech nical Paper (Background) (14 days/28 days) * 100 = 75% Tech nical Paper (Current Work) (14 days/21 days) * 100 = 67% Tech nical Paper (Design Analysis) (14 days/7 days) * 100 = 200% Tech nical Paper (Final Correlations) (42 days/42 days) * 100 = 100% Design Proposals (28 days/28 days) * 100 = 100% Design (Detail Spec Drawings Pro-E) (28 days/28 days) * 100 = 100% Design (Data Computations) (28 days/28 days) * 100 = 100% Design Software Analysis (14 days/21 days) * 100 = 67% Machining (Casing) (7 days/7 days) * 100 = 100% Machining (Turbine) (14 days/14 days) * 100 = 100% Machining (Final Assembly) (14 days/7 days) * 100 = 200% Testing (Initial) (7 days/7 days) * 100 = 100% Testing (Modifications) (14 days/14 days)* 100 = 100% Testing (Final) (14 days/21 days)* 100 = 67% Project Status Report/Demonstration (14 days/14 days)* 100 = 100% Final Presentation (7 days/7 days) * 100 = 100% Overall Av erage = 102.68 %
EfficiencyRPM Outputs vs. Turbine Efficiency
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
268 532 800 1064
RPM Output
Tu
rbin
e E
ffic
ien
cy (
Perc
en
t)
The generator efficiency is directly proportional to the rpm
Force
Assume: ρwater = 62.4 lbm/ft3
Vwater init = 7.5 mph = 11ft/s
Vwater final = 7.0 mph = 10.26 ft/s
Propeller Diameter = 292 mm = 0 .958 ft
Area of Blade = 90 in2= 0.625 ft2
One dimensional Flow
vm water
slbsftftlbm m /3432)/55)(/4.62( 33
)( 12 vvmF
flbsftsftslbF 68.2539)/11/26.10)(/3432(
NlbbladeslbF ff 13.141246.317)8/68.2539(
AvV
sftsftbladesftV /55)/11)(8)(625.0( 32
FEA
Stress analysis for the turbine support frame
Max stress occurs at the fixed ends
Max stress of about 16000 Pa
FEA
Total deformation of support frame
Max deformation occurs where turbine rest
Max deformation of about 1.7e-8m
FEA
Total deformation of turbine
1400N force placed on the shaft
Max deformations is about 0.17m
Cause of large deformations is because sheet metal was used for the blades
Changes from Original
Redesigned 10 blades turbine to 8 Reversed placement of generator on the
support to better fit the location Changed generators
Difficulties
First generator didn’t perform as expected
Water flow of the river was inconsistent River dried up before final testing could
be done
Plan B Testing
Using a power washer to simulate water flow Voltage output of 35.5V Using the performance curve, this is equivalent
to 398W of power
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