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Des Plaines Fire

Department Hazardous Materials Operations Refresher

Program

Overview: Standards

• In our organization, we are trained to:

• NFPA 472 – Standard for Competence of Responders to

Hazardous Material/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents

• OSHA HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response) standard 29 CFR 1910.120

• All DPFD personnel are trained to meet the minimum standard of the Hazmat Operations role. This role allows us to implement/support actions to protect nearby persons, the environment, or property from the effects of release of a hazardous material

Overview: Core Tasks

• Analyze the scene of a hazardous materials/WMD incident to determine the scope of the emergency

• Survey the scene to identify containers and materials involved

• Collect information from available reference sources

• Predict the likely behavior of a hazardous material

• Estimate the potential harm the substances might cause

• Plan a response to the release, including selection of the correct level of personal protective clothing

• Perform decontamination

• Preserve evidence

• Evaluate the status and effectiveness of the response

Primary Responsibilities

• Estimating the Potential Harm

• Identify a resource for determining the size of an

endangered area of a hazardous materials incident

• Using readily available reference sources, identify initial

containment and isolation zones for products identified

Primary Responsibilities

• Identification of Possible Hazard Sources

• For a given response identify what actions would be taken for a product release/leak

• Response route based on weather conditions

• Staging locations

• Product location

• Water supply options

• Possible evacuation distances

• Notification procedures for Technician Level response

Primary Responsibilities

• Predict the behavior of a material & its container

• Determine the potential consequences of container failure

and methods of determining product behavior

• Identify hazards associated with the container in a variety of

situations

• Use MSDS for product and identify basic chemical properties

DPFD Hazmat SOPs

• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency SOP's\Hazmat\New SOPs per RRJ\HAZ-MAT Running Orders E.doc

• Communication #: 06-08-33 Effective Date: 08-29-06

• HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ALARM: An emergency involving the uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance that poses an unreasonable risk to health and safety of individuals and property.

• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency SOP's\Hazmat

Hazmat Incident

Response Levels

• DPFD Level I: Incident that can be controlled by first

responders. No evacuation necessary beyond initial site.

Small area that poses no immediate threats to life,

property, or environment. May be handled by a single

engine company (ex. Auto leaking fuel)

Hazmat Incident

Response Levels

• DPFD Level II – Incident has greater hazard/area

involved than Level I. May pose danger to life, property,

and environment. This incident may require limited

evacuation/protective area of surrounding sites. If formal

response required, 12 technicians and MABAS would be

called. (ex. Minor accidental chemical spill at industrial

location)

Hazmat Incident

Response Levels

• DPFD Level III – Incident that poses severe danger to

life, property, and environment. May involve large scale

protective actions, etc. Incident will require MABAS

assistance as well as state/federal support(ex. Large scale

train derailment with numerous tanker cars on fire)

Routes of Exposure

• Inhalation

• Absorption

• Ingestion

• Penetration/Direct Contact

• Injection

• Radiation

Hazardous Material Health

Effects

• The acronym TRACEMP defines potential health effects:

• Thermal

• Radiological

• Asphyxiation

• Corrosive

• Etiological (bacterial infection/disease)

• Mechanical

• Psychological

Hazmat Exposure Limits

• Threshold Limit Value (TLV) – Exposure concentration

in PPM which begins to affect a person in any way

• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – OSHA’s legal limit for exposure to a chemical substance

• Time Weighted Average (TLV/TWA) – Average exposure

limit over 8hr day and 40 hr work week

Hazmat Exposure Limits

• Ceiling (TLV/C) – Maximum concentration that should not be exceeded at any time

• Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV/STEL) – 15 min exposure limit concentration

• Cannot be repeated more than 4x per 24 hr period

• Should have at least 1 hr between exposure periods

• The lower the TLV/STEL, the more toxic the substance

• Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) – Immediate

• The concentration which poses an immediate threat to life or could cause irreversible or delayed health effects

• 3 types: Toxic, flammable, oxygen deficient

Commercial Occupancies

Containing Hazardous Materials

• Fuel storage facilities

• Gas/service stations and convenience stores

• Paint supply stores

• Plant nurseries, garden centers, and agricultural facilities

• Pest control and lawn care companies

• Medical facilities

• Photo processing laboratories

• Dry cleaners

• Plastic and high-technology factories

Site Management

• ALWAYS approach uphill and upwind if possible

• Look for possible clues to the incident upon approach

• Establish initial isolation perimeters/distances as soon as

possible (ERG)

• Establish cold, warm, and hot zones

Site Management: Public

• Shelter-in-place: Have areas affected turn off all HVAC,

close windows, etc. Stay indoors listening via radio or TV

for instructions

• Evacuation: Have people in affected areas physically

move to a safe specific location. Remember factors such

as ability to disseminate info, time involved, population at

risk, routes of travel, etc. (If in hot zone, mass emergency

decontamination may be required)

Site Management: Public

• Emergency Decontamination Setup

• Establish in Cold Zone

• Attempt to control runoff (Tarp)

• Can be accomplished with a charged crosslay laid out in a

circle, placed tarp on top, use trash line as water supply

• H:\Fire\Common\EMS\CPR\Hazmat\Mass Casualty Decon

Diagram.pdf

Hazmat Identification Methods

• 7 primary clues to identify a hazardous material:

• Shipping papers/documents

• Container shapes/types

• Placards/labels

• Detection equipment

• Markings/colors

• Type of occupancy/location

• Senses

Hazmat Identification Methods

• Sources for names of hazardous materials at transportation incidents:

• On-site personnel

• Shipping papers

• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

• Emergency Response Guide (requires general identification of U.S. DOT placards)

Hazmat Identification Methods

Highway Transport

Shipping paper name:

Bill of lading

Location of shipping paper:

Vehicle cab

Responsible party:

Driver

Hazmat Identification Methods

Rail Transport

Shipping paper name:

Waybill/Consist

Location of shipping paper:

Engine or Caboose

Responsible party:

Conductor

Hazmat Identification Methods

Water Transport

Shipping paper name:

Dangerous Cargo Manifest

Location of shipping paper:

Bridge or Pilothouse

Responsible party:

Captain or Master

Hazmat Identification Methods

Air Transport

Shipping paper name:

Air Bill

Location of shipping paper:

Cockpit

Responsible party:

Pilot

Hazmat Identification Methods

Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS)

Contains information about:

-Manufacturer/Distributor

-Emergency contact

information

-Basic chemical properties

-Health and safety hazards

-Emergency response

-Waste disposal of a

material

Identifying An Unknown

Hazardous Material

Remember:

The ERG is your friend

Transportation Vehicles

• Rail Tank Cars: Dry bulk, mixed cargo, pressure, non-pressure

• Cargo Trailer Trucks:

• Non-pressure liquid tank (MC306)

• Low-pressure chemical tank (MC307)

• Corrosive liquid tank (MC312)

• High-pressure tank (MC331)

• Cryogenic liquid tank (MC338, MC306)

• Compressed gas/tube trailer (compressed gases H, O, He, CH4)

• Dry bulk cargo

Transportation Vehicles

• All rail tank cars and road trailer identification charts are

located in the 2008 ERG pgs. 18-19

Transportation Vehicles

MC306 Non-pressure Liquid Tank – Guide 131

Typically hauls flammable and combustible liquids

Transportation Vehicles

Dry Bulk Cargo Trailer – Guide 134

Dry goods e.g. powders, pellets, fertilizers, grain

Transportation Vehicles

Compressed Gas/Tube Trailer – Guide 117

Compressed gases e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, helium, methane

Transportation Vehicles

MC331 High Pressure Tank – Guide 117

Ammonia, Freon, butane

Transportation Vehicles

MC312 Corrosive Liquid Tank – Guide 137

Corrosives e.g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide

Transportation Vehicles

Pressure Tank Car Compressed Liquified Gases – Guide 117

Non-pressure Tank Car Liquids – Guide 131

Transportation Vehicles

Intermodal

Hazmat Identification Methods:

Non-bulk packages

• Non-bulk package: contains solids, liquids, or gases per

DOT definitions

• Liquids: capacity 119 gal or less

• Solids: net mass 882 lbs or less (or capacity of 119 gal or

less)

• Gases: water capacity of 1001 lbs or less

Hazmat Identification Methods:

Non-bulk packages

• Transportation container types for non-bulk materials

may include:

• Bottles, carboys, jerricans, cylinders, boxes, barrels, bags,

drums

Characteristics of DOT labels

• U.S. Department of Transportation marking system is an

identification system characterized by labels, placards

and markings

• Placards: diamond-shaped indicators placed on all four

sides of any form of transportation carrying hazmat

• Labels: smaller versions (4” diamond-shaped indicators) on

all four sides of individual boxes/smaller packages

• Markings: typically on rail cars

Manufacturers Labels and

Signal Words

• Must be used by chemical manufacturers and importers

• Must include one of four signal words if for consumer

use:

• CAUTION – Minor health effects

• WARNING – Moderate hazards

• DANGER – Highest degree of hazard

• POISON – Highly toxic (pesticides)

Manufacturers Labels and

Signal Words

• Must include specific information:

• Name and business address of the manufacturer, packer,

distributor or seller

• Name of each hazardous ingredient

• Statement of the principal hazard

• Precautionary statements

• Instructions for first-aid treatment

• Instructions for special handling or storage

• Statement “Keep out of the reach of children”

Manufacturers Labels and

Signal Words

DOT Hazard Classes

• Class 1 – Explosives

• Class 2 – Gases (flammable/non-flammable/toxic)

• Class 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids

• Class 4 – Flammable solids (spontaneous combustion and water reactive materials)

• Class 5 – Oxidizing substances/Organic peroxides

• Class 6 – Toxins/Infectious Substances

• Class 7 – Radioactive Materials

• Class 8 – Corrosive Substances

• Class 9 – Miscellaneous Hazmat

DOT Hazard Classes

• All classifications and associated divisions can be found

in the 2008 ERG page 14

DOT Marking System

The DOT Marking System for

first responders is located in

the 2008 ERG pgs. 16-17

Once a placard is identified,

use this marking system to

establish initial containment

and isolation zones

NFPA 704 Marking System

Each diamond labeled

with a number from 0-4,

0 being least hazardous

and 4 being most

hazardous (Seeing a 4 in

any field will easily kill

you)

NFPA 704 Marking System

Blue = 0

-no health hazard

Red = 3

-can be ignited under almost

ambient temp conditions

Yellow = 0

-Normally stable, even under

fire conditions, not reactive

with water

White = blank

-No special considerations

NFPA 704 Marking System

Blue = 0

-Exposure would cause irritation

with only minor residual injury

Red = 4

-Flash point below 73 F

Will readily ignite at atm pressure

Yellow = 0

-Normally stable, even under

fire conditions, not reactive

with water

White = blank

-No special considerations

Military Marking System

Hazard Key:

1. Mass Detonation

2. Explosion-with-

fragment

3. Mass Fire

4. Moderate Fire

A. B.

C. D.

ERG

Emergency Response Guide

- about 4000 chemicals

- not for long-term action plans

4 colored sections:

- Yellow: chemicals by UN/ID #

- Blue: chemicals listed alphabetically

- Orange: hazard class, fire/explosion

hazards, health hazards,

basic emergency actions

*If on fire, read here first

- Green: Initial isolation distances

Guide 111: Guide for mixed load/

unidentified cargo

ERG

ERG

ERG

*Small spill =

55 gal or less

*Large spill =

>55gal or multiple

small spills

*Toxic gases when

mixed with water

if you see:

“when spilled

in water”

ERG practice (13:00)

ERG practice

• ID 1972

• Mult. Poss.

• Cryogenic Liquid

• Guide 115

• Not highlighted in green

• Isolate 330 ft.

ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)

ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)

• Class 6

• Toxic/infectious substances

• Guide 153

• Isolate 150 ft. for liquids

• Isolate 75 ft. for solids

• Keep out of low areas

• Ventilate enclosed areas

ERG practice (100 gal,

10:00)

ERG practice (100 gal,

10:00)

• ID 1079

• Sulfur dioxide

• Highlighted in green

• Guide number 125

• If no fire go to iso.table 1st

• 1250 ft. in all directions

• 1.3 mi. downwind

ERG practice (9:00)

ERG practice (9:00)

• Class 9

• Miscellaneous hazmat

• Guide 171

• Not highlighted in green

• Isolate liquids 150 ft.

• Isolate solids 75 ft.

ERG practice (19:00)

ERG practice (19:00)

• UN ID 3082 – multiple poss.

• Class 9

• Miscellaneous hazmat

• Guide 171

• Not highlighted in green

• Isolate liquids 150 ft.

• Isolate solids 75 ft.

ERG practice (55gal,

20:00)

ERG practice (55gal,

20:00)

• ID 1017 - Chlorine

• Class 2 – Gases (toxic)

• Highlighted in green

• Guide number 124

• If no fire go to iso. table 1st

• 200 ft. in all directions

• 1.0 mi. downwind

• From guide 124

• Gases are heavier than air

• Keep out of low areas

ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)

ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)

• Class 7

• Radioactive

• Guide 163

• Not highlighted in green

• Isolation 75 feet

• Time

• Distance

• Shielding

ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)

ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)

• Methanol

• Guide 131 – flammable liq. toxic

• No green highlighting

• Isolation 150 ft.

• Keep out of low areas

• Ventilate before entering

• If this spilled completely

• How much foam would you need?

ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)

• 55 gal drum

• 1 gal = approx 25 sq. ft.

• 55 gal = approx 1375 sq. ft.

• Quantity of foam needed=

• Area*app.rate*conc%*15min

• 1375*0.1gpm/sq.ft.*.03*15 = 62 gal

• Quick estimate for 3% = area/20

• 1400/20 = 70 gal of 3% AFFF

ERG practice

QUESTIONS?

References

• Schnepp, Rob, Hazardous Materials Awareness and

Operations 1st Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers,

LLC. Copyright 2010

• Hildebrand, Noll, Yvorra, Hazardous Materials:

Managing the Incident 3rd Edition, Redhat Publishing

Company, Inc. Copyright 2005

• Copley, Terry, Hazardous Materials For First Responders

3rd Edition, Board of Regents, OSU. Copyright 2004

• 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook